• L..

WORD PREVIEW

{• {•

patron aged governor author

care for perfect
avenue disappointed
bother scream panoramlc vlew occupy
temperature burn skyscraper stretch
turn down drag block appropriately
immediately scene sponsor disgusted
apologize comment
slight state party make a deal
adjustment highway matter exercise
course construction leave
patient cross point to
constantly centerline make good perform
launch recount dance routine
dissatisfied hit detail accept
shrug flame bribery ofter
shoulder upside-down discover
stuck punch line flexible
even break print live up to
, [,;1 8440-0025

A restaurant patron seemed particularly bothered about the temperature in a restaurant

CD He complained to his waiter that it was too cold and asked the waiter to turn down the
air conditioneL The waiter told the patron @ would (A) so immediately. A few
minutes later the patron complained that it was now too hot The apologized and told
the angry patron that @ he would make a slighter adjustment to the air conditioner. These
temperature complaints and slight adjustments happened several more times during the course
of the evening. A man at another table asked the waiter how @ he could be so patient with the
constantly changing whims of this dissatisfied patron. The waiter shrugged @ his shoulders
and said that (B) it was simple. “ By the way," the waiter added , “ this restaurant does not even
have an air conditioner!" 10

1 CD He: A restaurant patron seemed bothered -

he: The waiter told the patron -
@ The waiter apologized -
@ he : A man at another table asked the waiter -
@ his : The waiter shrugged -
2

H WJ‘
patron 1
bother
temperature m vy
slight
adjustment m Y
dissatisfied

56 2
 (A restaurant patron) complained that it was too cold and asked the waiter to turn down the
air conditioner

the patron complained that it was now too hot

(The waiter) would make a slighter 1 to the air conditioner

A man at another table asked the waiter how he could be so patient with the constantly
changing whims of this 2 patron.

“ By the way ," the waiter added , “ this restaurant does not even have an air conditioner!"

1
: someone who uses a particular shop , restaurant , or hotel

3 .

• complain

He complained to his waitert hat it was too cold

I ’

cf. He complained his waiter that it was too cold. (x)

07 57
01
CD Leon Kaip0 , aged 38 , does not care much for exercise, but he ran to save a woman after
hearing screams and (A) Isee / seeing I a burning car. @He dragged a 43-year-old woman and
her dog from the buming car. One policeman at the scene said, “ 1 believe that thirty seconds
later and she would have been dead." Mr. Kaipo said , “ @I ’ m sure anybody would have done
the same, because it’ s the right thing to do." In November 2005 , Mr. Kaipo was driving on
State One when a man waved for him to @ he told him that a car had crossed

coming from the upside-down car and ran over to help the screaming woman inside.
The doors were stuck, so @ he had to break a window to get the woman and her dog ou t.

1 (A) ,
(A) (B)

2 11 Leon

care for scream cross

centerline launch
upside-down stuck

58 2
02
New York governor Nelson Rockefeller had a perfect Fifth Avenue penthouse with a
panoramic view of Central Park. However, CD he had a problem. There were plans to put up a
skyscraper Public housing project on the West Side. It would have been a big middle finger
@ block @ his sunset view. The sponsor of the housing project bill was Meade Esposito , the
Democratic Party boss. Rockefeller invited @ him to his penthouse to discuss the matter as
gentlemen. “If you stop construction of that skyscraper," Rockefeller announced , “ I ’ 11 give
you that Picasso." @ He pointed to one of the modernist works on the wall. Esposito agreed to
do what could. The skyscraper was never built, and Rockefeller made good on his promise.
Esposito got a Picasso , and Rockefeller got a story to tell for the rest of his life. For years
afterwards , @ he recounted every detail of the bribery, capping it with the punch line: “ @It 110
was only a print!"

1
@ block •

2 @ltOI
the painting that gave

governor a
nur mU c g

sponsor
kU…… eg
recount
ku m-
punch line

CHAPTER 02 • 07 59
03
When he was a young boy, young people ’ s book author Walter Dean Myers went with
some other boys to a church gym , where CD hoped to play full-court basketbalL They
were disappointed when @ they found half of the court occupied by girls who danced , then
stretched. The boys made what they thought were appropriately disgusted comments , and the
girls made a deal with @ them. If the boys could do the stretching exercises that the girls were 1 5

doing , the girls would leave and allow the boys to play full-court basketball , but if the boys
could not do the stretching exercises , then they had to perform the dance routine with @ them.
The boys accepted @ the offer, but they quickly discovered that none of @ them were CQ! (do ,
exercises , flexible , to , stretching , enough, the) that the girls were doing. The girls made the
boys live up to deal they had made - the boys had to perform the dance routine with 110

them.

1 @ the

occupy make a deal dance routine

live up to

60 2
 :( ( Student ID Name

STEP 01

1 What was the event and where was it held?

2 Why did you participate in the event?

3 What happened during the event?

4 How did you feel then?

STEP 02

1 participated in . It was held

. 1 entered it because
I even though 1 . 1 felt
really . However, it is a good memory from
my high school days.

STEP 03

1 participated in . It was held

. The reason why 1 entered it was that 1
While 1 ,1 . 1 felt
. It is a good memory from my high school
days.

07 61
 STEP 01 1 It was a dance audition for the school festiva l. It was held in the school auditorium

2 1 wanted to show off my dance skills.

3 1 couldn’t remember some of the dance moves.
4 1 felt really embarrassed.

1 participated in a dance audition for the school festiva l. It was held in the
school auditorium. 1 entered it because 1 wanted to show off my dance skills.
1 couldn ’ t remember some of the dance moves even though 1 practiced a
10t. 1 felt really embarrassed. However, it is a good memory from my high
school days.

STEP 03
1 participated in a speech contest. It was he1d in the schoo1 auditorium.
The reason why 1 entered it was that 1 wanted to show off my speech skil1 s.
While 1 was making my speech, 1 received app1ause. 1 fe1t proud of myse1f.
It is a good memory from my high schoo1 days.

62 2
WORD PREVIEW

.... { .... {• {•

successful colleague analogy dispute

habit condition describe dominate
normal engage m similarity economically
create secretary molecule military force
anchor universíty rubber secure
valuable immediately hose colony
sitùation interoffice mail layer invade
threaten unsigned assume ascend
loose note sense throne
beauty silly comparison preside
geode request elastic empire
volcano hypothesize collide court
rough ahead container fatally
break follow rebound wound
norm relationship
shining dutifully visualize century
crystal sphere politically
have a row with attention revolution
magnet structural set
attribute suggest
’
When you are successful and the new habit feels normal , it is time to create an anchor. The
anchor is (A) 1 valueless / valuable 1 for those situations @ in which you threaten to loose your
new habi t. 1 once created the habit of seeing beauty in every human being. So when 1 felt the
habit was mine, 1 bought myself a geode , a stone that can @ find around vo 1canoes. Geodes
are rough on the outside but if you break them in two , inside there is a lovely cave @) filled
with shining crystals. So 1 put the geode on my desk and after a year or so 1 had had a row
with a person and 1 was really (B) 1happy / angry 1. 1 came into my office and threw my bag
on the ground. “ What a bad person!" 1 said out loud , and immediately my eye was drawn like
a magnet to the geode and 1 realised that here 1 had a person with a very rough outside , but
somewhere inside there must be something 10

CD hot CID bold @ weak

@ heavy @ beautiful

Vocabulary

•
1

•
3

anchor
m) e crystal
have a row with “
n

64 2
 r www.ebsi

anchoring a new habit

example: the 1 of seeing beauty in every human being

geode: rough on the outside but inside person: rough outside , but somewhere
there is a lovely cave filled with shining in side there must be somet hing
2 3

1 (A) ,
(A) (B)

2 lilEI @"-'@

P ba eA m h nv
‘

%
·

08 65
01
Ellen Langer and her co l1 eagues studied the conditions under which people engage in
_To forty secretaries at a New York university, they sent a memo
that said , “ This paper is to be retumed immediately to Room 238 through mai l."
Like almost all other memos at this university, this one was unsigned_Note that this is (A) a
pretty silly request; if the person who sent the memo wanted it, why did he or she send it in
the first place? Langer and her colleagues hypothesized (B) I that / where I secretaries would
go ahead and retum the memo without much thinking , because they would follow the norm
that says , “ Do what memos tell you to do." They were right; 90 percent of the secretaries
dutifully retumed the memo to Room 238.

CD novel adventures CID memory distortion

@ antisocial behaviors @ mindless conformity
@ routine communication

1 (A) a pretty silly

secretary immediately
interoffice mail unsigned
hypothesize norm dutifuliy

66 2
02
Many teachers' analogies are used to describe structural similarities . For instance , “ a
Molecule of Gas Is Like a Rubber Ball ," “An Artery Is Like a Hose ," and “ Rock Strata
Are Like Cake Layers." Teachers often assume that the students understand the sense @ in
which these comparisons are made. In the first example , the teacher has in mind the idea
@ what a gas molecule is elastic , and when it collides with another molecule or the wall of I5
its container, it will rebound with about the same speed and energy @ that it had before the
collision. Unless students have this relationship explained to them , some may understandably
visualize the molecule as just a round object while others may think of it as a moving elastic
sphere. That is , they may pay more attention to the analogy ’ s structural attributes and too
little attention to the effects. ** stratum strata) 10

CD sound @ visual @ side

@ interaction @ long-term

1
(1) : a comparison between two situations that is intended to show that the two are similar
(2) : to form a mental image

2 @"-'@

mvI describe similarity

m e ”’
]

J
i
assume
se elastic
comparison
e container visualize
…
em ;
attention attribute

08 67
03
Few people would dispute that in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , Europe and
especially Great Britain dominated the world culturally, politically and economically. Britain
was the crucible of the Industrial Revolution and its military forces secured the colonies as
surely as the English language invaded their cultures. When Queen Victoria ascended to the
throne in 1837 , she presided over the largest empire in history: the on which the sun I 5

never se t. If you had gone to her court in 1850 and suggested that this empire would be over
within a generation, you would have been laughed out of the building. And yet it was true. By
the end ofWorld War I in 1918, the empire was fatally wounded and, by the time I was bom
in 1950, it was a *crucible

CD power @ threat @ network

@ memory @ peacemaker

2 suggested that this empire would be over within a

dispute dominate economically

military force secure
invade throne
preside empire court
fataliy wound

68 2
 :( ( Student ID Name

STEP 01

1 What is a habit you want to have?

2 Why do you want that habit?
3 What are you going to do to form the habit?

STEP 02

creatmg one anchor as as focus

way to habit 30

5 Steps to Creating a New Habit

1 Pick a habit • You need to your energy and time on
2 Start small • Starting small is the best to create a new habi t.
3 Anchor it to an existing habit • When a new habit , it to one of your
existing habits.
4 Give it 30 days • It’s estimated between 21 to days to
create a new habi t.
5 Tell and report • Tell many people you can what you are doing.

STEP 03

One key to successfully creating a new habit is the ability to focus

on one habi t. is the best way
to ensure success. It helps you narrow your focus , allowing you to put
all your energy and power towards the goa l. When creating a new habit ,
anchor it .It’ s estimated to take between 21
. Lastly, tell what you are doing.
They can be a great support system in helping you make the change.

(10) (5) (5)

08 69
 STEP 01 1 1 want to have the of going jogging every morning.

2 Jogging every day will make me healthier.

3 1 will set my alarm to wake up an hour earlier than usual.

F
M
‘

5 Steps to Creating a New Habit

1 Pick a habit • You need to focus your energy and time on one habi t.
2 Start small • Starting small is the best way to create a new habi t.
3 Anchor it to an existing habit • When creating a new habit , anchor it to one of your
existing habits.
4 Give it 30 days • It’s estimated to take between 21 to 30 days to create a new habi t.
5 Tell and report • Tell as many people as you can what you are doing.

STEP 03
One key to successfully creating a new habit is the ability to focus your
energy and tim'e on one habi t. Starting small is the best way to ensure
success. It helps you narrow your focus , allowing you to put all your energy
and power towards the goal. When creating a new habit , anchor it to one of
your existing habits . It’ s estimated to take between 21 to 30 days to create a
new habi t. Lastly, tell as many people as you can what you are doing. They
can be a great support system in helping you make the change.

70 2
WORD PREVIEW

{• {• {•

a variety of similarity lifesaver hungry

function by virtue of in a pinch need
effectively difference accomplishment satisfy
underwear individual seek motivate
razor contrast validation unmet
automatically species attention route
replace companson intention freeway
wear out strike give back notice
apparently hairless slip billboard
be capable of skin territory advertise
necessity upright hectic spontaneously
choose stance stressful seek out
commonplace prominent transform environment
recipient in turn millennium hunger
disbelief be similar to self-absorbed hardly
confusion and so on narcissist compelling
disappointment to the extent that mindful innate
faint unlike hang out wisdom
oblivious selection support orient
response drift eliminate
,
We all need a variety of mundane items to function effectively in our daily lives. We need
underwear and toasters and razors and sheets. In fact , such items are so necessary that we
automatically replace them when they wear out or run 0ut or stop working. Many people
apparently don ’ t realize that others are capable of (A) Ibuy / buying I such necessities for
themselves. So when it ’ s time (B) I buy / to buy I a gift for someone , they always choose I 5

something commonplace and necessary. And , of course , when the recipient opens the gift,
there ’ s a look of disbelief/confusion/disappointment, followed by a faint , forced smile. But
the givers are oblivious to the reaction and believe that they have done well. You should not
. A gift should bring a smile to the face of the recipient , and
necessities are unlikely to produce that response. * mundane 110

CD reveal your response

@ give necessities as gifts
@ buy necessities at a small market
@ exaggerate the worth of your present
@ ca1culate the tinancial value of the gift

Structure

•
1
•

2
•

sheet automatically replace

wear out apparently commonplace
recipient disbelief faint
oblivious ‘
1

’.
“

72 2
 We replace 1 with new ones whenever necessary.

recipien t:
necessities as 2
disbelief / 3 / disappointment

1
The of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 was the Korean President

2 mundane

3 EÐ (A),
(A) (B)

• rso '" that ... J

rso - that ... .. .

In fac t. such items are that we automatically replace them

[when they wear out or run out or stop working]

CHAPTER 02 • 09 73
01 1;;1 8440-0034

Similarity is . Two things are similar by virtue of their

difference from another; or different by virtue of one ’ s similarity to a third. So it is with
individuals. A short man is different from a tall man , but two men seem similar if @ contrast
with a woman. So it is with species. A man and a woman may be very different , but by
comparison with a chimpanzee , it is their similarities that strike the eye - the hairless skin ,
the upright stance, the prominent nose. A chimpanzee , in tum , is similar to a human being
when @ contrast with a dog: the face , the hands , the 32 teeth , and so on. And a dog is like a
person to the extent that both are unlike a fish.

CD an absolute belief
@ a mystery of nature
@ evidence of evolution
@ the shadow of difference
@ the standard for selection

1
@ contrast •
@ contrast •

2
Adog is from a fish , but they are to the extent that both are unlike
an oak tree

similarity by virtue of individual

contrast comparison chimpanzee
upright prominent
to the extent that

74 2
02
Good friends listen to your problems; they ’ re there for you , and are lifesavers in a pinch.
But not every friend is a good one. @ Think of someone who might be a “ bad" friend. Does
she always talk about her own accomplishments and never ask questions about you ? Does it
seem like he ’ s only seeking validation or attention from you with no intention of giving back?
Everyone ’ s capable of slipping into the “ bad" friend territory - all it takes @ are a hectic I 5

sports schedule or a stressful class for you to be transformed from friend of the millennium to
self-absorbed narcissist. The key is being mindful of your friends ’ needs , not just your own.
Do need to vent about something? Hang out? Could you support their efforts by going
to watch their play, hockey game , or debate? ensures that you
don ’ t drift apart. * vent 110

CD Being in tune with your friends

@ Carrying out long-term plans together
@ Speaking on behalf of your friends
@ Being dependent upon your friends
@ Introducing your friends to good people

1 @,@

2
A best friend is someone who

in a pinch accomplishment validation

hectic millennium self-absorbed
narcissist hang out debate
drift apart be in tune with
-
a
r on behalf of

CHAPTER 02 • 09 75
03
What happens when we are hungry but don ’ t have time to eat before we drive home from
work? Our need to satisfy our hunger moves into the foreground of our consciousness until
it ’ s satisfied. It creates a disequilibrium that motivates us to satisfy the unmet need. If the
route home takes us on the freeway, we will notice all the billboards advertising places to
eat. We spontaneously seek out the things in our environment that will our hunger.
Once we eat and satisfy our hunger, we will hardly notice those advertisements that seemed
so compelling just moments earlier. This is an example of the innate wisdom that motivates
us and orients our senses to the in our envlronment so we can
satisfy our needs or eliminate tension. * foreground * * disequilibrium

CD new challenges
@ past experience
@ expected outcomes
@ small achievements
@ relevant information

1 the things in our environment that will satisfy our

2 (A),
When we have a(n) _ __ {A_)_ _ . need , we tend t o B ) ____ seek out ways to it.

satisfy consciousness
motivate unmet route
freeway billboard spontaneously
compelling innate
orient eliminate relevant

76 2
 ( ( Student ID Name

STEP 01
Event ’s birthday

Present

Reasons for Choice 2

3

STEP 02
For ’ s birthday, 1’ d like to gi ve a/some
. There are a few reasons 1 think this would be a good present.
First of all ,

Second ,

Last ,

1 hope will be happy with my presen t.

02 • UN rT 09 77
 STEP 01 Event my father's
Present a watch
1 He doesn ’t have a watch right now, so he needs one.
Reasons for Choice 2 He likes to be punctua l.
3 I think he would look good with a watch

STEP 02
For my father ’ s birthday, 1’ d like to give him a watch. There a few
reasons 1 think it would be a good present. First of all , he doesn ’ t have a
watch right now, so he needs one. Second, he likes to be punctual. Last, 1
think he would look good with a watch. 1 hope he will be happy with my
present.

78 2