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Assignment - Astrophysics2 - Booklet

1) The document provides details about an astrophysics assignment to find the explicit dependence of the expansion factor R(t) on time in terms of R0, t0 and t for a flat matter-dominated universe with zero cosmological constant. 2) The approach taken is to relate the scale factors R(te) and R(t0) at the time of emission and present using the redshift z, and integrate the resulting equation to obtain R(t) and the comoving distance r as a function of redshift z. 3) The student acknowledges and thanks their professor Dr. Partha Ghosh for guiding them and helping them qualify for the university test.

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koulickchakraborty5555
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26 views

Assignment - Astrophysics2 - Booklet

1) The document provides details about an astrophysics assignment to find the explicit dependence of the expansion factor R(t) on time in terms of R0, t0 and t for a flat matter-dominated universe with zero cosmological constant. 2) The approach taken is to relate the scale factors R(te) and R(t0) at the time of emission and present using the redshift z, and integrate the resulting equation to obtain R(t) and the comoving distance r as a function of redshift z. 3) The student acknowledges and thanks their professor Dr. Partha Ghosh for guiding them and helping them qualify for the university test.

Uploaded by

koulickchakraborty5555
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment: DSE B1

Astrophysics And cosmology

Under the guidance of my professor, Dr. Partha Ghosh sir

• PROBLEM ON COSMOLOGY

NAME : KOULICK CHAKRABORTY


SEMESTER : 5
ROLL NO. : 213144-21-0035
REGN NO. : 144-1111-0302-21
PROBLEM PROVIDED:
Consider a flat matter dominated universe with zero cosmological
constant. At a time te in the past, corresponding to a redshift z, a
galaxy emits a photon, which is received by a detector today (t0).
Find the explicit dependence of the expansion factor on time, R(t).
Express R(t) in terms of R0, t0 and t only. Also find the
commoving distance to a galaxy in this universe as a function of
redshift.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: IT’S MY PLEASURE TO BE A PART
OF THE DSE CLASS UNDER PARTHA SIR WITHOUT WHOM I
GUESS QUALIFYING THE UNIVERSITY TEST WOULD BE A
MISERY. THE DEAREST AND RESPECTED angry professor
SAVED ME. THANK YOU SIR.
APPROACH TO THE SOLUTION:

Let 𝑅 (𝑡𝑒 ) be defined as the scale factor of the


universe during which the photon was emitted, and
𝑅(𝑡0 ), the present scale factor.

From definition and cosmic expansion of space-time,


we know the fact,
𝜟𝒕𝒆 𝜟𝒕𝟎
=
𝑹(𝒕𝒆 ) 𝑹(𝒕𝟎 )
Or,
𝑹(𝒕𝟎 ) 𝜟𝒕𝟎
=
𝑹(𝒕𝒆 ) 𝜟𝒕𝒆
now we know change in period of the wave,
𝟏 𝝀𝒆
𝜟𝒕𝒆 = =
𝝂𝒆 𝒄
Where𝛥𝑡𝑒 is the period between emission of
two waves, and 𝛥𝑡0 is when received.

Now we can conclude that,


𝜟𝒕𝟎 𝝀𝟎 𝑹(𝒕𝟎 )
= = ≡𝟏+𝒛
𝜟𝒕𝒆 𝝀𝒆 𝑹(𝒕𝒆 )
Here, z is defined as the cosmological red
shift.
For the present time, we state the scale We can integrate the above equantion to
factor, as 1. So, get the comoving distance r as a
𝒆
𝑹(𝒕 ) 𝟏 function of redshift.
=
Now we know, for a flat(k = 0) universe,
𝟏 𝟏+𝒛
𝒄 ⅆ𝒕
𝒓 = ∫ ⅆ𝒕 = ∫
As above mentioned,
𝑯 (𝒕 )
𝑹̇
𝑯=
Or,
𝑹
𝑹̇
=𝑯
So,
𝑹̇ 𝑹
𝑯=
𝟏
Or,
(𝟏 + 𝒛)
−𝟏
ⅆ𝑹 = ⅆ𝒛 = −𝑹𝟐 ⅆ𝒛
So the comoving distance is,
(𝟏 + 𝒛 )𝟐
𝑯
𝑹̇ =
Or,
𝟏+𝒛
𝑯
𝑹=∫ ⅆ𝒕
𝟏+𝒛 𝒄 ⅆ𝒕 𝒄 ⅆ𝒛 𝒄 𝑯𝟎
𝒓=∫ =∫ = ∫ ⅆ𝒛
All calculations are performed over a
𝑯(𝒕 ) 𝑯(𝒛) 𝑯𝟎 𝑯 (𝒛 )
The comoving distance as a function of flat universe and 0 cosmological
redshift is evaluated in the following constant.
way:
We know,
𝒄 ⅆ𝒕 = 𝑯(𝒕) ⅆ𝒓

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