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Tutorial 1

This document provides an introduction to a tutorial on probability and statistics. It covers key concepts like descriptive versus inferential statistics, levels of measurement for variables, and different sampling methods. The tutorial aims to help students understand statistics, differentiate data types, classify variable measurement levels, and identify sampling methods. It includes examples and questions to help explain these statistical concepts.

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Hein Khant Thu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

Tutorial 1

This document provides an introduction to a tutorial on probability and statistics. It covers key concepts like descriptive versus inferential statistics, levels of measurement for variables, and different sampling methods. The tutorial aims to help students understand statistics, differentiate data types, classify variable measurement levels, and identify sampling methods. It includes examples and questions to help explain these statistical concepts.

Uploaded by

Hein Khant Thu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MF004 – INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS TUTORIAL 1

MF004 – INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

TUTORIAL 1 of CHAPTER 1

Targets of Tutorial 1:
By the end of this tutorial, students should able:
i. To understand the concept and types of statistics.
ii. To differentiate and classify the types of data.
iii. To define and classify the levels of measurement.
iv. To identify the sampling method used in any given problems.

1) Define statistics and state the types of statistics.

2) What is the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics?

3) In each of these statements, classify whether descriptive statistics or inferential statistics have
been used.
a) The average life expectancy in Malaysia is 78.49 years.
b) A diet in high fruits and vegetables will lower blood pressure.
c) Six out of twenty students in UCSI are taking Engineering course.
d) The world population will likely increase to 10.7 billion in year 2030.

4) Classify each variable as quantitative or qualitative. If it is quantitative, further classify as


discrete or continuous.
a) Number of students in first grade classroom.
b) Weights of new born infants at a certain hospital.
c) State in which a person lives.
d) Ethnic origin of a candidate in public office.
e) Water temperature of the saunas at a given health spa.
f) Number of children in a family.
g) Volume of air in balloons.
h) The breaking strength of a given type of string (Good, Medium, Poor).
i) The hair colour of children auditioning for the musical Annie.
j) The number of stops signs in towns of fewer than 500 people.
k) Whether or not a pen is defective.
l) The number of questions answered correctly on a standardized test.
m) The length of time required to answer a telephone call at a certain real estate office.

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MF004 – INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS TUTORIAL 1

5) Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level, or ratio level of measurement.


(a) Examination score for Statistics.
(b) Blood type.
(c) Ratings given to the lecture room conditions.
(d) The weight of beauty contestants.
(e) Shoes size.
(f) The top three best selling car models in Malaysia.
(g) Football teams ranking by FIFA.
(h) Time taken to serve a customer at the post office counter.
(i) The distance jumped by the athletes.
(j) Brands of electric fans.

6) What is the similarity and difference between nominal level of measurement and ordinal
level of measurement? Discuss with examples.

7) If you classified the balls in a basket according to colors (e.g. blue, green, red, yellow and
black), what level of measurement would this example be?

8) What are the advantages of collecting sample from a large population during the survey?
What properties should the sample has in order to be used in survey?

9) A researcher divides subjects into five groups according the age, and then selects members
from each group as his sample. What type of sampling method is the researcher applying?

10) Identify the sampling method that has the following characteristic:

a) Subjects are selected by random numbers.


b) Subjects are divided from the population into groups that has the same characteristic, and
then randomly selected within the group.
c) Subjects are selected by using every kth number subjects.
d) Subjects are selected by using a intact group that is representative of the population.

11) Answer “True” if the statement is always true. If the statement is not always true, replace the
words printed in bold with words that make the statement always true.

(a) Inferential statistics is the study and description of data that result from an experiment.
(b) Descriptive statistics is the study of a sample that enables us to make projections or
estimates about the population from which the sample is drawn.
(c) A population is typically a very large collection of individuals or objects about which we
desire information.
(d) A statistic is the calculated measure of some characteristic of a population.
(e) A parameter is the measure of some characteristic of a sample.
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MF004 – INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS TUTORIAL 1

(f) The “number of rotten apples per shipping crate” is an example of qualitative variable.
(g) The “thickness of a sheet of sheet metal” used in a manufacturing process is an example
of quantitative variable.
(h) A representative sample is a sample obtained in such a way that all individuals had an
equal chance of being selected.

12) The following chart shows the number of job-related injuries of the transportation
industries in year 2009.

Industries Number of injuries


Railway 4520
Public bus 5100
Subway 6850
Airline 7144
Trucking 9950

a) What are the variables under study?


b) Categorize each variable as quantitative or qualitative.
c) Categorize each quantitative variable as discrete or continuous.
d) Identify the level of measurement for each variable.

13) According to the researchers’ reports and surveys, it was found that most of the Malaysians
suffer from stress and hyper-tension due to busy life style in the city. Psychologists also
found that most of the stressful persons are come from the white collars. It was predicted that
the main factor that contribute to the stress disease among the white collars is due to less
exercises. A group of surveyors formed by the psychologists to conduct a survey to collect
the data from a particular company. It was found by the results that from 200 randomly
selected candidates, 30% of the white collars do exercises less than 2 days in a week. 50% do
less than a day in a week, and 20% never do exercises at all. Among these candidates, 65%
of the white collars having fast food as their meals almost every day, and 30% will bring
themselves their own meals, while 5% simply eat bread and coffee due to rushing working
hour.

a) What are the variables that were under the studies?


b) Classify the variables into qualitative or quantitative. For quantitative variables, further
categorize into discrete or continuous.
c) What level of measurements do the surveyors applied?
d) What type of sampling method can you recognize in this case? Explain.

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