Experiment No: ________________________________________________ PRE-LABORATORY

Name of Experiment: ________________________________________________

Date of Experiment: ________________________________________________ REPORT
CHE 10 - General Chemistry for Engineers
Course Code: ________________________________________________
Group No: ________________________________________________
Group Members: ________________________________________________ Objective (5%) ________
________________________________________________ Important Concepts (10%) ________
________________________________________________ Equipment and Materials (5%) ________
________________________________________________ Calculations (10%) ________
________________________________________________ Process Flow Diagram (50%) ________
________________________________________________ Prediction of Results (10%) ________
Do not include group members with no Report Quality and Format (10%) ________
contribution to the report.

TOTAL (20 points) ________

I. Objective of the Experiment

This experiment will be conducted to familiarize the different kinds of measurements needed in chemistry laboratory, be
knowledgeable about the process of collecting quantitative data and interpret errors using quantitative results and observation, and
also to determine the density of certain substances.

II. Important Concepts

Measurements are used to represent the magnitude of thing’s unit s. Measurements are obtained by the calibration of a
device. However, these devices also impose limits in the measurement shown. The last digit of the measurement represents the
estimated magnitude of the particular property between the closest calibrations. These digits then impose the calculated result to
the correct uncertainty are called significant figures. When representing the measurement of a quantitative property, it is often
subjected to different kinds of errors such as determinate or systematic errors, and indeterminate of random errors.

Determinate or systematic errors arises from experimental design flaw or an equipment flaw that are reproducible,
discovered, and corrected. This can be classified as either (1) personal – incurred due to carelessness of the observer; (2)
instrumental – errors affected by the instruments such as uncalibrated, or construction error; or (3) method errors – inherent in
the method itself that can only be discovered when doing a rerun and corrected for calculation or procedural changes. On the other
hand, Indeterminate or random errors are errors that cannot be corrected when discovered. This can also be classified as (1)
personal – inability to distinguish slightly different measurements and colors; (2) instrumental – random variations of the
instruments; and (3) variations in external conditions such as barometric pressure and humidity, temperature, and air currents.

Accuracy and Precision also plays an important role in experiments which uses measurements as its data. Accuracy is an
expression of the closeness of the measurement to the true value of the quantity measured while precision expresses a comparison
of the value of the measurements measured obtained by a repeating method.

Density is a fundamental property that is defined as mass per unit volume therefore, in its determination, the mass and
volume of a given matter must be determined. Mass should not be mistaken with weight. Mass is the amount of matter in a
material and is determined through the process of weighing while weight is the measure on how the gravitational force acts upon
the mass of the material.

III. Equipment and Materials

3 Blocks of wood 4 50-mL Beakers

3 pcs. of mossy zinc 50-mL Graduated cylinder
Weighing Balance 10-mL Pipet
Calculator Aspirator
Ruler

IV. Calculations: (if applicable)

TRUE VALUE−OBSERVED VALUE

% ERROR= ∗100
TRUE VALUE
% PRECISION OF A SERIESOF MEASUREMENTS =AVG . DEVIATION OF MEASUREMENTS ¿ THE MEAN
MEA

Mean / Average=
∑ Observed values
Number of values
Deviation=|x i−x̄ |
MASS
DENSITY =
VOLUME

V. Process Flow Diagram

A. Density of Regular Solids

Acquire three regular Measure the mass and Determine the density of
solids with no same shape dimension of each solid each solid

B. Density of Irregular Solids

Fill a 50-mL
Acquire two pieces of Get the mass of each
graduated cylinder
mossy zinc metal metal
partly with water

Get the volume by

Place the same in the Repeat using three
observing the
cylinder mossy zinc
meniscus' position

C. Density of Water

Transfer 10 mL
Acquire four clean and Get the mass of each distilled water into Weigh each beakers
dry 50mL beakers beaker beakers using a 10mL and record the mass
pipet

Determine the density

Complete the report Compute the % error
of water for each
sheet table and % precision
beaker

VI. Prediction of Results

This includes the possible answers to the questions mentioned in the laboratory manual based on the theoretical concepts
discussed in the lecture and other sources. Provide a minimum of three predictions.

Density is defined as the ratio between the mass of a sample and its volume. One of the predicted outcomes of the experiment is
that different objects with the same volume may not consistently exhibit the same density. This is in accordance to the diverse
compositions and masses leading to distinct densities.

On the other hand, altering the shape of a substance does not induce a change in its density. This observation aligns with the
theoretical understanding that density is an intrinsic and intensive property of a material. Therefore, density remains constant,
unaffected by alterations in size or quantity of matter.
The density of regular solids will be easier to calculate compared to irregular solids because regular solids can be calculated
using their known dimensions and mass. Since regular solids have well-defined shapes, it is easier to accurately measure their
volume and calculate their density. While irregular shapes make it difficult to accurately determine their volume, which can make
calculating their density more complex.

The density of water is a well-known constant, typically measured at 1 g/cm3 at standard temperature and pressure. This
predictability makes it a useful reference point for comparing the densities of other substances.

\[ \text{Density (} \rho \text{)} = \frac{\text{Mass (} m \text{)}}{\text{Volume (} V \text{)}} \]

VII. References
Helmenstine, A. M., PhD. (2019, August 12). What is the difference between weight and mass? ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/mass-and-weight-differences-606116#:~:text=The%20difference%20between%20mass
%20and,denoted%20using%20m%20or%20M.

NOTE: Do not alter the format (paper size, font face, font size, margin, etc). Conserve paper. Maximize the space.