BS EN 16932-1:2018

BSI Standards Publication

Drain and sewer systems outside

buildings - Pumping systems

Part 1: General requirements

BS EN 16932-1:2018 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16932-
1:2018. Together with BS EN 16932-2:2018 and BS EN 16932-
3:2018, it supersedes BS EN 1091:1997 and BS EN 1671:1997, which
are withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee B/505/22.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2018
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018
ISBN 978 0 580 90664 0
ICS 93.030
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2018.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
 BS EN 16932-1:2018

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16932-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2018

ICS 93.030 Supersedes EN 1091:1996, EN 1671:1997

English Version

Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Pumping

systems - Part 1: General requirements
Réseaux d'évacuation et d'assainissement à l'extérieur Entwässerungssysteme außerhalb von Gebäuden -
des bâtiments - Systèmes de pompage - Partie 1: Pumpsysteme - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Exigences générales

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16932-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 16932-1:2018
EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8
4 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
5 Health and safety .......................................................................................................................................... 11
6 Types of pumping systems ........................................................................................................................ 11
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2 Single pumping station systems ............................................................................................................. 12
6.3 Lift stations ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.3.2 Pumping stations with screw pumps .................................................................................................... 12
6.4 Pressure sewer systems ............................................................................................................................ 13
6.5 Vacuum sewer systems .............................................................................................................................. 14
6.6 Selection .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
7 Planning of pumping systems .................................................................................................................. 17
7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Performance requirements ...................................................................................................................... 17
7.3 Location ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
7.3.2 Location of pumping stations and vacuum stations ........................................................................ 18
8 Detailed design of pumping stations and vacuum stations .......................................................... 19
8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.2 External layout and access ........................................................................................................................ 19
8.3 Environmental impact ................................................................................................................................ 20
8.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
8.3.2 Impact of discharges from overflows.................................................................................................... 20
8.3.3 Noise and vibration ..................................................................................................................................... 20
8.3.4 Odour control ................................................................................................................................................ 20
8.3.5 Visual impact ................................................................................................................................................. 20
8.4 Structural design .......................................................................................................................................... 20
8.5 Power supply ................................................................................................................................................. 21
8.6 Resilience ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
8.7 Pump units...................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
8.7.2 Impellers ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.7.3 Pump drivers and drives ........................................................................................................................... 23
8.8 Instrumentation, controls and electrical equipment ...................................................................... 24
8.8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
8.8.2 Control systems ............................................................................................................................................ 24
8.8.3 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
8.8.4 Power switchgear and controlgear assemblies (PSC-ASSEMBLIES) .......................................... 25

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8.9 Cabinets and buildings................................................................................................................................ 26

8.10 Maintenance considerations .................................................................................................................... 26
9 Detailed design of rising mains and vacuum pipelines .................................................................. 26
9.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 26
9.2 Structural design........................................................................................................................................... 26
9.3 Choice of materials and components..................................................................................................... 27
9.4 Discharge points ........................................................................................................................................... 28
9.5 Valves and valve chambers ....................................................................................................................... 28
9.5.1 Valves ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
9.5.2 Valve chambers ............................................................................................................................................. 28
9.6 Means of inspection ..................................................................................................................................... 29
10 Installation ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
10.1 Installation of pipelines.............................................................................................................................. 29
10.2 Installation of pumping stations and vacuum stations ................................................................... 29
11 Testing and commissioning ...................................................................................................................... 29
11.1 Commissioning .............................................................................................................................................. 29
12 Operations and maintenance ................................................................................................................... 29
12.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 29
12.2 Inspection and maintenance activities ................................................................................................. 30
12.3 Operations and maintenance manuals and training ....................................................................... 31
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 32

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 16932-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165
“Waste water engineering”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2018.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

Together with EN 16932-2:2018 and EN 16932-3:2018, this document supersedes EN 1091:1996 and
EN 1671:1997.

EN 16932, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems, contains the following parts:

— Part 1: General requirements;

— Part 2: Positive pressure systems;

— Part 3: Vacuum systems.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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Introduction

Drain and sewer systems are part of the overall wastewater system that provides a service to the
community. This can be briefly described as:
— removal of wastewater from premises for public health and hygienic reasons;

— prevention of flooding in urbanised areas;

— protection of the environment.

The overall wastewater system has four successive functions:

— collection;

— transport;

— treatment;

— discharge.

Collection and transport of wastewater is provided by drain and sewer systems.

EN 752 provides a framework for the design, construction, maintenance, operation and rehabilitation of
drain and sewer systems outside buildings. This is illustrated in the upper part of the diagram in
Figure 1. EN 752 is supported by more detailed standards for the investigation, design, construction,
organization and control of drain and sewer systems.
Investigation and assessment standards include:
— EN 13508 (all parts), Investigation and assessment of drain and sewer systems outside buildings.

Design and construction standards include:

— EN 16932 (all parts), Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems;

— EN 16933-2, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Design — Part 2: Hydraulic design;

— EN 1295-1, Structural design of buried pipelines under various conditions of loading - Part 1: General
requirements;

— EN 1610, Construction and testing of drains and sewers;

— EN 12889, Trenchless construction and testing of drains and sewers;

— EN 15885, Classification and characteristics of techniques for renovation and repair of drains and
sewers.

Management and control standards include:

— EN 14654 (all parts), Management and control of operational activities in drain and sewer systems
outside buildings.

To support these detailed standards information can come from specifications produced by individual
organisations for their own use. Product standards take also into account the functional requirements
in EN 752 through EN 476, EN 13380 and EN 14457.

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Figure 1 —Relationship to EN 752:2017 and other drain and sewer standards

[Source: EN 752:2017]

Wastewater lifting installations in buildings and on private properties are in the scope of EN 12050
(all parts).

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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction and acceptance testing of
wastewater pumping systems in drain and sewer systems outside the buildings they are intended to
serve. It includes pumping systems in drain and sewer systems that operate essentially under gravity as
well as systems using either positive pressure or partial vacuum.
This document gives general requirements applicable to all wastewater pumping systems in drain and
sewer systems.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 752:2017, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Sewer system management

EN 1127-1, Explosive atmospheres — Explosion prevention and protection — Part 1: Basic concepts and
methodology

EN 1295-1, Structural design of buried pipelines under various conditions of loading — Part 1: General
requirements

EN 1610, Construction and testing of drains and sewers

EN 1990, Eurocode — Basis of structural design

EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures

EN 12889, Trenchless construction and testing of drains and sewers

EN 13463 (all parts), Non-electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres

EN 14654 (all parts), Management and control of operational activities in drain and sewer systems
outside buildings

EN 16323:2014, Glossary of wastewater engineering terms

EN 16932-2, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems — Part 2: Positive pressure
systems

EN 16932-3, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Pumping systems — Part 3: Vacuum systems

EN 60079 (all parts), Explosive atmospheres — Part 0: Equipment — General requirements

(IEC 60076 series)

EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements

(IEC 60204-1)

EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)

EN 61439-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 1: General rules (IEC 61439-1)

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EN 61439-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies — Part 2: Power switchgear and
controlgear assemblies (IEC 61439-2)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16323 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

Note 1 to entry: Certain key definitions from EN 16323:2014 have been repeated below for clarity. The
following additional terms used in this document are defined in EN 16323:

aerobic; outfall;
collection tank; pumping station;
combined sewer overflow; relevant authority;
confined space; rising main;
detention tank; self-cleansing;
drain; septic wastewater;
dry weather flow; sewer;
extraneous flow; sewer system;
industrial wastewater; surface receiving water body;
maintenance; wastewater treatment plant.
manhole;
3.1
collection chamber
chamber containing a collection tank and associated pump or interface valve unit

3.2
controller
device that activates a pump or interface valve

3.3
duty point
target values of the total head or pressure of the pump and the rate of flow for which the pump is
designed or selected

[SOURCE: EN ISO 17769-1:2012, 2.1.13.1]

3.4
forwarding pump
<vacuum systems> pump transporting wastewater from a vacuum system to a wastewater treatment
plant, or another drain or sewer system

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3.5
foul wastewater
wastewater comprising domestic wastewater and/or industrial wastewater

[SOURCE: EN 16323:2014, 2.1.2.6]

3.6
interface valve
<vacuum systems> valve in a collection chamber admitting wastewater and air into a vacuum sewer
through a vacuum drain

3.7
level sensor
device sensing the level of wastewater in a collection tank and activating a controller when a batch
volume has accumulated in the collection tank

3.8
lift section
<vacuum systems> section of a vacuum pipeline with an increase in invert level in the direction of flow

3.9
lift station
pumping system that raises the elevation of the flow at a location

3.10
low voltage
voltage rating of between 50 V and 1 000 V for alternating current and between 75 V and 1 500 V for
direct current

3.11
profile
<of a pipeline> vertical alignment of a pipeline

3.12
pump
mechanical device for moving fluids, including inlet and outlet connections as well as, in general, a shaft
end

3.13
pump unit
assemblage of mechanical devices, including the pump and the driver, together with transmission
elements, baseplate and any auxiliary equipment

[SOURCE: EN ISO 17769-1:2012, 2.1.1.2]

3.14
pump driver
driver
machine supplying mechanical energy to power the pump

[SOURCE: EN ISO 17769-1:2012, 2.1.17.23]

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3.15
pumping system
system consisting of a pump or pumps and those interacting or interrelating elements, which together
accomplish the specified work

Note 1 to entry: The pumping system generally includes (but is not necessarily limited to) the pump driver,
drives, cabling, control and monitoring devices and those piping elements that transfer liquid from and to the
pump.

[SOURCE: EN ISO 17769-2:2012, 2.1.7]

3.16
slope section
<vacuum systems> section of a vacuum pipeline with decreasing invert level in the direction of flow

3.17
surface water
water from precipitation, which has not seeped into the ground and is discharged to the drain or sewer
system directly from the ground or from exterior building surfaces

[SOURCE: EN 16323:2014, 2.1.1.3]

3.18
vacuum generator
<vacuum systems> equipment installed at a vacuum station to generate sub-atmospheric pressure

3.19
vacuum pipeline
<vacuum systems>pipeline for conveying wastewater under sub-atmospheric pressure

3.20
vacuum drain
<vacuum systems> drain that is a vacuum pipeline

3.21
vacuum sewer
<vacuum systems> sewer that is a vacuum pipeline

3.22
vacuum station
<vacuum systems> part of a vacuum sewer system generating sub-atmospheric pressure and
forwarding wastewater through a rising main

3.23
vacuum vessel
<vacuum systems> vessel connected to a vacuum sewer in which a vacuum generator maintains sub-
atmospheric pressure and from which a forwarding pump removes wastewater

3.24
wastewater
water composed of any combination of water discharged from domestic, industrial or commercial
premises, surface run-off and accidentally any sewer infiltration water

[SOURCE: EN 16323:2014, 2.3.10.65]

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4 General
EN 752:2017 specifies functional requirements and principles for the planning, design, construction,
operation and maintenance of drain and sewer systems outside buildings. EN 752:2017 requires that
the design and operation of the system shall, so far as practicable, minimize the use of energy over the
life of the system. Pumping stations can be necessary in gravity drain and sewer systems in order to
avoid excessive depths, or to drain low lying areas. They can also be necessary at combined sewer
overflows or outfalls in order to discharge flows toward treatment works or receiving water bodies.
Pressure or vacuum systems can be used as alternatives to, or as part of systems operating essentially
under gravity.
Pumping systems shall be designed in accordance with the principles described in EN 752:2017.
For positive pressure systems, this European Standard shall be read in conjunction with EN 16932-2
and positive pressure systems shall also meet the requirements of EN 16932-2.
For vacuum systems, this European Standard shall be read in conjunction with EN 16932-3 and vacuum
systems shall also meet the requirements of EN 16932-3.

5 Health and safety

The principles for occupational health and safety set out in EN 752:2017, Clause 7, should be applied to
the design, construction and operation of pumping stations, pressure systems and vacuum systems. The
Safety and Health Framework Directive (89/391/EEC) together with its daughter directives and other
relevant safety and health directives can apply. A number of these are listed in EN 752.
NOTE National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify additional requirements regarding
the health, safety and welfare of the public and operator personnel.

The identification and assessment of hazardous situations that can lead to a potential explosion and the
design and construction of appropriate safety measures shall be carried out in accordance with
EN 1127-1.
Electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive areas shall comply with the requirements of the
relevant parts of the EN 60079 series. Non-electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive areas
shall comply with the requirements of the relevant parts of the EN 13463 series.

6 Types of pumping systems

6.1 Introduction

There are four principal types of pumping systems:

— single pumping station systems discharging into one or more rising mains;

— lift stations either without a rising main or with a short, essentially vertical, rising main;

— pressure sewer systems with several pumping stations discharging through one or more rising
mains to a single point;

— vacuum sewer systems with a single vacuum station collecting wastewater from a number of
sources through one or more vacuum mains.

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6.2 Single pumping station systems

These comprise a single pumping station discharging into either a single rising main or two or more
parallel rising mains as shown in Figure 2. They are sometimes necessary within a drain and sewer
system that otherwise drains essentially by gravity.

Key
1 incoming gravity sewer 4 manhole
2 pumping station 5 downstream gravity sewer
3 rising main

Figure 2 —Example of a single pumping station system

6.3 Lift stations

6.3.1 General

A lift station is a type of pumping station where the discharge point is in the same location as the
pumping station. It can include a short, essentially vertical, rising main. Alternatively, lift stations may
comprise a screw pump.
Lift stations can be used:
— to transfer flow between adjacent gravity sewers at different levels;

— to lift flows into a wastewater treatment plant or;

— to lift surface water flows into an adjacent surface receiving water body.

6.3.2 Pumping stations with screw pumps

Pumping stations with screw pumps (see Figure 3) can be used where it is only necessary to lift the
wastewater without the need to generate pressure. Pumping stations with screw pumps can be used
where the lift is limited to a few metres and where there is little variation in the water level at the
discharge. They are resistant to blockage.

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Key
1 screw 3 upper bearing
2 pump motor 4 lower bearing

Figure 3 — Example of a lift station with screw pumps

6.4 Pressure sewer systems

A pressure sewer system comprises a single pressure pipe or a branched or grid network of pressure
pipes. A pressure sewer system is designed to collect and transport domestic or industrial wastewater.
It is not usually used for the collection and transport of surface water. Pumping stations are connected
to the pressure pipe(s). The downstream boundary of the system is the point where the total flow from
the system discharges into a downstream system (e.g. into a gravity sewer, a manhole or wastewater
treatment plant). A typical house connection to a pressure sewer system is shown in Figure 4. An
example of a plan of a typical pressure sewer system is shown in Figure 5.

Key
1 drain 4 isolation valve (alternative positions)
2 pump unit 5 rising main connection
3 collection tank 6 rising main

Figure 4 —Typical house connection to a pressure sewer system

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Key
1 gravity drain 3 rising main connection
2 pumping station 4 rising main

Figure 5 —Plan of typical pressure sewer system

6.5 Vacuum sewer systems

A vacuum sewer system comprises a vacuum sewer, or a network of vacuum sewers and vacuum
drains, connecting a number of collection chambers to a single vacuum station. A vacuum sewer system
is designed to collect domestic and industrial wastewater and is not usually used for the collection of
surface water. Vacuum mains have a vertical profile containing slope sections (sections that slope
downwards in the direction of flow) followed by lift sections (see Figure 6).

Key
1 collection chamber 4 lift section
2 vacuum pipeline 5 vacuum station
3 slope section

Figure 6 — Vacuum sewer system

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Key
1 gravity drain 3 vacuum drain
2 collection chamber 4 vacuum sewer

Figure 7 —Typical house connection to a vacuum sewer system

A vacuum station is provided with a vacuum vessel, vacuum generators maintaining sub-atmospheric
(vacuum) pressure in the vacuum vessel, and forwarding pumps that draw wastewater from the
vacuum vessel and pump it through a rising main to the downstream system. Sub-atmospheric pressure
is transmitted from the vacuum vessel through upstream vacuum sewers and vacuum drains to
collection chambers (see Figure 7). An interface valve is provided in each collection chamber keeping
the vacuum drain usually closed.
When a batch volume of wastewater has been drained by gravity into the collection chamber, a level
sensor activates a controller that opens an interface valve for an adjustable time period. A batch volume
is evacuated from the collection tank through a vacuum drain into the vacuum sewer. After the
collection tank is emptied and some air has been admitted, the controller closes the interface valve. The
admitted air pushes the wastewater along the vacuum sewer towards the vacuum station until
gravitational and frictional forces bring it to rest at a low point in the vacuum sewer where the
wastewater collects completely filling the pipe. When another upstream interface valve opens, some
more wastewater and atmospheric air is admitted and the air pressure in the upstream vacuum sewer
rises until it pushes the accumulated wastewater as a plug from the low point up the lift section and
towards the vacuum station until it comes to rest again at the next low point, and so on. Finally, the
wastewater flows into the vacuum vessel wherefrom it is pumped through a rising main towards the
wastewater treatment plant or downstream sewer system.
Since there is more air than wastewater in a vacuum sewer, and because the wastewater is well aerated,
the wastewater is kept aerobic and the formation of septic wastewater is prevented. Because the water
plugs are accelerated to a velocity of several meters per second, the system is self-cleansing. Because
vacuum sewers are always kept at sub-atmospheric pressure, exfiltration of wastewater cannot occur.
6.6 Selection

The selection of the most appropriate type of system should take account of EN 752:2017, 6.4.3, as well
as the following technical considerations.
a) A single pumping station system or lift station should be considered where:

1) the flow volumes to be pumped are large;

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2) wastewater can be collected by gravity but cannot be forwarded by gravity to a wastewater

treatment plant or surface receiving water body.;

3) a local obstacle (e.g. a river or canal) makes construction of a gravity sewer impracticable;

4) due to topography surface water or combined wastewater cannot be conveyed by gravity.

b) Consideration should be given to the use of pressure or vacuum sewer systems to convey foul
wastewater where one or more of the following apply:

1) there is insufficient natural ground slope to make the construction of gravity drains or sewers
practicable;

2) poor geotechnical conditions (e.g. unstable soils or high groundwater) or proximity of

vulnerable buildings would make construction of a gravity drain or sewer system impractical;

3) where the ground is liable to subsidence that would adversely affect the operation of gravity
sewer systems;

4) low housing density or scattered communities;

5) where there are obstacles to gravity drainage;

6) in industrial areas where greater flexibility is required, particularly to accommodate multiple

drainage systems that can be required by different users or processes.

c) Vacuum sewer systems should be considered in particular:

1) there is insufficient natural ground slope to make the construction of gravity drains or sewers
practicable;

2) in aquifer protection zones;

3) where flow from the properties is intermittent or seasonal (e.g. in holiday properties) and
where odour or the formation of septic wastewater might become an issue;

4) for the collection of foul wastewater from 25 houses or more in rural areas or suburbs.

However, vacuum sewer systems are not usually practicable where the sum of the static head
differences along the main exceeds 5 m, unless appropriate measures are taken.

d) Pressure sewer systems (or a combination of gravity and pressure sewer systems) should be
considered in particular where the maximum lift is more than 5 m;

Pressure sewer systems allow more freedom in overall design to accommodate topographical
conditions. However, high and low points should be avoided as far as possible.

Pressure and vacuum sewer systems can cause problems unless they are designed, operated and
maintained as a single integrated system. This can be undertaken by placing responsibility with a single
organization or by appropriate legislative or contractual arrangements between the parties concerned
to ensure that it is managed as an integrated system. This should be taken into account in selecting the
appropriate type of system and during design.

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7 Planning of pumping systems

7.1 Introduction

The planning stage should determine the:

— performance requirements; and

— location of the structures and equipment.

7.2 Performance requirements

The performance requirements for the drain and sewer system shall be determined in accordance with
EN 752:2017, 5.2.
The performance requirements for the drain and sewer system of which the pumping system forms a
part determine specific design criteria for the pumping system.
These performance requirements can include, for example:
a) flooding shall be limited to prescribed frequencies;

b) discharges from combined sewer overflows and emergency overflows shall be limited to prescribed
frequencies and volumes;

c) the effect of the flows from the pumping system on the downstream sewer system and wastewater
treatment plants shall be considered.

The design criteria for the pumping system shall be determined in accordance with EN 752:2017, 5.3.
The design criteria shall ensure that the drain and sewer system meets these performance
requirements and shall be included in the project specification for the pumping system developed in
accordance with EN 752:2017, 6.5, and the EN 14654 series.
Examples of these criteria include:
I) the quantity of the flows and the range of flow rates (e.g. peak, minimum, average diurnal, dry/wet
weather, etc.) and the range of heads, any expected future requirements and the expected timing of
these requirements;

II) the nature of the incoming flows that could influence the design of the pumping system (e.g. the
presence of corrosive or erosive materials, the potential for blockage, or the likelihood of
potentially explosive atmospheres, or the formation of septic wastewater);

III) any requirements to limit the risk of failure;

IV) identification of special conditions (e.g. aquifer protection zones).

There are also general performance requirements for pumping systems. These can relate to the
following criteria:
1) surcharging of collection tanks or sewers above the design top water level;

2) the reliability and redundancy requirement of the equipment;

3) noise, odour and other nuisances;

4) the formation of septic wastewater;

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5) sedimentation and deposits;

6) blockage;

7) facilities and equipment necessary for operation and maintenance;

8) leaktightness;

9) the stability of adjacent structures and services;

10) whole life cost;

11) energy efficiency;

12) health and safety of the public and of operating staff;

13) environmental impact during construction and operation;

14) corrosion due to the aggressive, corrosive or erosive nature of the wastewater.

7.3 Location
7.3.1 General

The location of systems shall consider features such as flood plains, rivers, railways, major roads and
overall topography.
The principal factors to be considered shall include:
a) possible locations for connecting to existing sewer systems;

b) environmental considerations including the potential impact on any environmentally sensitive

areas and the siting of any overflows;

c) access to pumping stations, vacuum stations, valve chambers and collection tanks and collection
chambers for maintenance and inspection;

d) land ownership;

e) availability of power, water supply and telecommunications;

f) risk of flooding from external sources and from the sewer system;

g) suitability of geotechnical conditions.

7.3.2 Location of pumping stations and vacuum stations

The requirements for the site and the location of a pumping or vacuum station shall be determined
taking into account the following criteria:
a) estimated size of the station, taking into account the type and layout of the station and the
equipment it contains;

b) space for detention tanks, screens or grit chambers (if required);

c) space for future expansion;

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d) access to the site in all weather conditions;

e) space for maintenance vehicles and ancillary equipment including space for loading and unloading;

f) route and levels of incoming and outgoing sewers;

g) environmental impact including odour, noise, visual impact and impact of discharge to receiving
water bodies;

h) location of surface receiving water bodies for overflows (if required);

i) risk of vandalism, site security and the need for fencing;

j) risk of flooding of the site from external sources and the practicability of protecting the station from
flooding;

k) the consequences of sewer flooding if the station fails (see EN 752:2017, 5.3.2.3);

l) the availability of an adequate power supply or supplies;

m) geotechnical conditions on the site (e.g. groundwater level, load bearing capacity);

n) location in relation to the main traffic flow (e.g. pumping station not in the middle of the road, but
on the side);

o) integration of pumping stations into other infrastructure (e.g. integration in a road underpass).

A pumping station or collection chamber can serve one or more buildings. However, where
responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the pumping station or collection chamber would
be shared between more than one owner, consideration should be given to the use of separate pumping
stations or collection chambers for each property. National or local regulations or the relevant authority
can specify requirements concerning the number of properties that may be connected to a pumping
station or collection chamber and the location of pumping stations or collection chambers.
Pumping stations on pressure sewer systems and collection chambers on vacuum sewer systems can be
located on private property (particularly where each property is served by an individual pumping
station or collection chamber) or on public ground (e.g. in streets or footways). Generally they should
be located close to the properties served in order to keep the lengths of drain pipes to the pumping
station or collection chamber short. The type and costs of pumping stations or collection chambers shall
be considered, e.g. taking into account the need to have watertight frames and covers, and whether they
need to bear traffic load.

8 Detailed design of pumping stations and vacuum stations

8.1 Introduction

This clause specifies general requirements for the detailed design of pumping stations and vacuum
stations. Further specific requirements for the design of pumping stations and vacuum stations are
included in EN 16932-2 and EN 16932-3 respectively.
8.2 External layout and access

Access and appropriate parking shall be provided at all times for emergency vehicles, maintenance
vehicles and ancillary equipment. Working space shall also be provided for loading and unloading

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vehicles, and for anticipated maintenance activities. Adverse weather conditions shall be considered.
The site shall be designed to deter unauthorised access.
8.3 Environmental impact
8.3.1 General

The design of the station shall take into account its effect on the environment including:
a) consequences of discharges from overflows;

b) noise and vibration inside and outside;

c) odour inside and outside;

d) visual impact;

e) integration into the landscape.

8.3.2 Impact of discharges from overflows

National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements regarding the quality,
quantity and frequency of discharges to receiving water bodies (see EN 752:2017, 8.5.2). Where
emergency overflows are provided, they shall be designed to ensure that, as far as is practicable, solids
are retained in the sewer system.
8.3.3 Noise and vibration

National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements regarding the noise
generated by the system.
8.3.4 Odour control

Where odour can cause nuisance, odour control measures shall be employed.
Sources of odour can include:
a) exhaust air from vacuum generators;

b) air displaced from collection tanks by incoming flow;

c) air valves in rising mains;

d) discharge points of rising mains.

Odour control measures should be in accordance with the recommendations given in EN 12255-9 as
applicable.
8.3.5 Visual impact

National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements regarding the visual
impact of pumping stations or vacuum stations.
8.4 Structural design

The structural design of tanks, valve chambers and buildings shall be in accordance with EN 1990 and
the EN 1991 series, if applicable, or otherwise in accordance with relevant product standards, and shall
take account of:

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

a) structural integrity, taking into account all imposed loads including loads from lifting equipment,
traffic loading (where applicable) and seismic loadings (where appropriate);

b) leaktightness;

c) prevention of floatation;

d) bearing capacity and chemical nature of the soil;

e) aggressive, corrosive or erosive wastewater;

f) possible differential settlement between the structure and all incoming sewers and outgoing rising
mains and other services.

National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements regarding the structural
design of pumping stations.
8.5 Power supply

An adequate power supply or supplies for the system shall be provided.

For electrically powered pumping stations, the electricity supplies to pumping stations in a pressure
sewer system can be from a single centralized supply or from a local supply to each pumping station.
Electricity supply specifications shall take into account the loads from the simultaneous restarting of
pumps after a power failure.
In pressure sewer systems the load from simultaneously starting all pumping stations following a
power failure shall also be considered.
8.6 Resilience

Failure of the pumping station can lead to flooding (including flooding of the pumping station) or
environmental impact. In addition, sudden failure (e.g. due to electrical failure) can cause damage to the
pumping station or rising mains due to surge pressures. These can cause pipe rupture, damages to pipe
fixings, foundations, valves, pumps and buckling or disintegration of pipe linings if the system is
insufficiently protected against the consequences of surge pressures.
Consideration should be given to provisions to limit the risk of failure of the system. The extent and
nature of any provision shall take account of the risk (likelihood and consequences) of failure.
This provision can include:
a) standby pump and vacuum generator units;

b) standby alternative power source (e.g. an alternative electricity supply);

c) provision of fittings to allow mobile pumps to discharge into the rising main;

d) emergency wastewater storage;

e) an emergency overflow with remote monitoring where applicable;

f) provision to accommodate or manage surge pressures in the event of sudden failure.

National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements regarding the extent of
standby provision and the permissibility of an emergency overflow.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

For electrically powered pumping stations a standby electricity supply shall be considered taking into
account the risk of failure. Provision for standby electricity supplies can take the form of a permanently
installed generator or a separate connection point for a temporary mobile generator, with switching
arrangements.
An emergency storage volume shall be provided:
— in the collection tank;

— in a separate tank, or where it would not adversely affect the performance of the system;

— in any upstream gravity drains or sewers.

The emergency storage shall be contained above the normal start water level. The minimum volume
storage can be determined by a risk analysis based on anticipated failure frequencies. In pressure and
vacuum sewer systems, the emergency storage volume shall be equal to at least 25 % of the mean daily
dry weather inflow.
The emergency storage may be contained in:
— the collection tank;

— the upstream gravity pipework;

— a separate tank; or

— a combination of these.

Appropriate protection against lightning shall be considered.

8.7 Pump units
8.7.1 General

This part specifies general requirements for pump units. EN 16932-2 specifies further requirements for
pump units for specific applications.
Each wastewater pump unit shall be suitable for the nature and composition of the wastewater to be
pumped and for duty throughout the specified range of station requirements such as flow rates, heads
and duty points.
Further factors to be considered shall include:
a) optimization of efficiency;

b) anticipated future flows, taking into consideration the design life of the pump;

c) pump speed (fixed speed, multi-speed or variable speed);

d) materials used for pump construction, including susceptibility to corrosion and erosion;

e) the avoidance of airlocks;

f) number of pumps including redundancy.

All equipment that would be damaged if immersed in wastewater shall be located in a machinery room
which is protected from flooding.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

In addition to any testing carried out before delivery, pump units shall be tested after installation for
compliance with user requirements. Performance tests for acceptance shall be specified by the designer.
NOTE Directives 1999/92/EC and 2014/34/EU specify requirements for pump units that are to be in contact
with potentially explosive atmospheres. For further information see EN 60079-0.

8.7.2 Impellers

The impellers should be selected to ensure that the pump units have appropriate head-discharge
curves, have efficiency at the duty points that are as near as practicable to optimal (see EN 16932-2)
and are appropriate for the nature of the wastewater especially with respect to their solids handling
ability.
Grinder impellers can be used to reduce the likelihood of blockage. If necessary the inertia of the
impeller can be increased, for example by the addition of a flywheel to reduce surge pressures in
pumping systems.
8.7.3 Pump drivers and drives

Pump drivers shall be suitable for the types of pump selected and rated for all the expected operational
conditions.
The energy efficiency of pump drivers shall be considered when selecting pumps having regard to the
whole life cost of the pump driver.
EN 60034-30-1 defines four International Efficiency classes for electric motors as follows:
a) standard efficiency motors (IE1);

b) high efficiency motors (IE2);

c) premium efficiency motors (IE3);

d) super premium efficiency motors (IE4).

EN 60034-30-1 does not apply to motors completely integrated into a product such as a pump unit
where it cannot be independently tested.
National or local regulations or the relevant authority can impose requirements for the energy
efficiency of pump drivers.
NOTE The ecodesign directive 2009/125/EC specifies the requirements on energy efficiency of electric
motors and driven machines.

Types of pump drivers that can be used include:

— electric motors;

— internal combustion engines.

These can be single or multiple fixed speed pump drivers, or continuously variable speed pump drivers.
Types of drive which can be used are:
— direct drives;

— geared drives;

— belt drives.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

The following types of coupling are typically available:

— close coupled;

— intermediate shafting.

The driver, the drive and the pump should be aligned and otherwise designed in order to minimize
stress on the components and vibration that would otherwise reduce the life of the equipment or create
a nuisance. National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements with respect
to limiting vibration.
8.8 Instrumentation, controls and electrical equipment
8.8.1 General

National or local regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements with respect to
electrical equipment.
NOTE Directives 1999/92/EC and 2014/34/EU specify requirements for electrical equipment that is to be in
contact with potentially explosive atmospheres.

All electrical installations, where appropriate, shall be protected by suitable enclosures (e.g. drip proof,
explosion proof) in accordance with EN 60529.
Electrical equipment shall be secure from access by unauthorised personnel. All electrical equipment
shall be properly earthed and protected from lightning damage. All electrical equipment shall comply
with the requirements of EN 60204-1. Any electrical equipment installed in potentially explosive
atmospheres shall comply with the relevant requirements of the EN 60079 series.
8.8.2 Control systems

Requirements for control systems are specified in EN 16932-2 and EN 16932-3.

8.8.3 Monitoring

Consideration should be given to monitoring the status of the station. The information transmitted can
include events, which do not indicate the need for any action by the operator and alarms which indicate
the need for some investigation and/or action by the operator.
The design should specify what information should be monitored and recorded, for system
management, operation and alarms, and whether this information is held locally at the station or
transmitted to a central location.
Alarms can include:
a) high water level;

b) high pressure in vacuum vessels;

c) pump or vacuum generator failure;

d) power failure;

e) excessive running times of pumps or vacuum generators;

f) operation of any emergency overflow;

g) abnormal electrical current usage.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

In selecting the alarms consideration should be given to the capacity of the operator to manage the
anticipated volume of alarms and the usefulness of the information in planning an appropriate
response.
An alarm system should have an emergency power source capable of operating for a sufficient time to
allow the operator to respond (e.g. 24 h) in the event of failure of the main power supply.
Level measurements can be made continuously (e.g. by ultrasonic level sensors or by pressure
transducers) or by exceedance of particular levels (e.g. by float switches or conductivity methods).
Where a pumping station, vacuum station or collection chamber is operated and maintained locally, a
local visual or audible alarm can be sufficient. In other cases, alarms should be relayed by telemetry to a
central location.
8.8.4 Power switchgear and controlgear assemblies (PSC-ASSEMBLIES)

Switchgear and motor control centres should be contained in a PSC-ASSEMBLY which shall comply with
the requirements of EN 61439-1 and EN 61439-2.
Functional units shall include:
a) Incoming power supply unit – this shall include a main isolator which may include provision to
switch the power supply from the mains electricity supply to a generator (where provided). Where
power supply monitoring and alarm relays are provided, they should be contained in this functional
unit.

b) Starter unit for each pump unit – this shall include fused motor contactors and thermal overload
relays. They can also include auto-restart relays and timers and other motor protection systems
where these are required. Where required they should also provide alarm signals relating to the
pump (see 8.8.3).

c) Control unit – this shall contain the equipment necessary to operate the pump units, vacuum
generators or compressors. Where recommended by the manufacturer, safeguards shall be
incorporated in controls to stop units in the event of loss of suction pressure or unacceptable flow
conditions. Control systems shall avoid unnecessarily frequent stopping and starting of pumps,
unnecessarily frequent speed changes in multiple speed pump units and sudden changes of speed
in variable speed pump units. Controls may use various devices to activate the closing of the
electrical circuits, e.g. floats, electrodes, ultrasonic sensors, pressure transducers or time controls.
Control systems should allow for the switching sequences to be varied, where two or more units
are used in parallel, or to change from between duty and standby units.

Other functional units may also be provided including:

d) Telemetry unit – this should transmit monitoring and alarm signals provided by other functional
units (see 8.8.3).

Each functional unit within the PSC-ASSEMBLY should be separated. The form of internal separation in
accordance with EN 61439-2 should take into account any need for maintenance personnel to work on
the PSC-ASSEMBLY while parts of the pumping station are still in operation.
Where there is no requirement for the pumping station or vacuum station to operate while
maintenance work is being carried out on the PSC-ASSEMBLY (typically this is the case for smaller
pumping stations) Form 1 or Form 2 separation in accordance with EN 61439-2 should be provided.
Where there is a requirement for parts of the pumping station to operate while maintenance is being
carried out on some functional units, Form 3 or Form 4 separation in accordance with EN 61439-2
should be provided.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

8.9 Cabinets and buildings

Cabinets and buildings should provide adequate protection for the equipment contained to:
a) provide adequate protection of equipment from weather;

b) provide reasonable protection from unauthorised access;

c) reduce noise emissions;

d) ventilation.

8.10 Maintenance considerations

Mechanical and electrical equipment shall be selected taking into account:

a) the expected reliability in operation;

b) maintenance requirements;

c) the availability of spare parts.

The provision of appropriate lifting hoists and beams, and of lifting eyes or similar features on heavy
equipment, shall be considered.
Complete sets of current general arrangement and sectional drawings, operations and maintenance
manuals, circuit diagrams and parts lists shall be supplied and be available at all times.

9 Detailed design of rising mains and vacuum pipelines

9.1 Introduction

The route and profile of the pipelines should have been determined during the planning stage
(see EN 16932-2 and EN 16932-3).
Detailed design considerations include:
a) structural design and thrust;

b) choice of materials;

c) discharge points;

d) valve and valve chambers;

e) pipe diameters that are small enough to maintain self-cleansing velocity at least once per day, but
large enough to avoid excessive power consumption.

The detailed design shall take into account the whole life cost of the main.
The hydraulic design of rising mains and pumping stations shall be considered together
(see EN 16932-2).
9.2 Structural design

The structural design of pipelines shall be in accordance with EN 1295-1. The design shall consider the
pressures (above or below atmospheric pressure) resulting from maximum flow, no flow and surge

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

pressures (positive or negative) during operation and testing, in addition to the external loads. In the
case of transient conditions, their amplitude and frequency shall be assessed.
External loads considered shall include the stresses arising from earth cover, traffic loads, and flotation
forces.
Rising mains can be subject to cyclic loading due to working pressures and surge pressures. The
structural design shall take account of the possibility of fatigue failure of the pipe material. The design
of the pipe shall consider the possibility of abrasion and corrosion of the pipe material due to the
wastewater including the possibility of chemical attack resulting from the formation of septic
wastewater.
Pressure pipelines should have a minimum pressure rating of 0,6 MPa (6 bar). Vacuum pipelines should
have a pressure rating of 1,0 MPa (10 bar). Account should be taken of any long-term loss of strength of
the pipe material, e.g. where pipelines are installed above ground or are likely to be subject to hot
wastewater.
NOTE National or local regulations can specify minimum pressure ratings for vacuum pipelines and rising
mains.

Where pipelines are not buried, they shall be protected from extremes of temperature, ultraviolet
radiation (where necessary) and mechanical damage.
Thrust forces occur at valves, changes in direction and diameter, branch connections and blank ends
and shall be contained.
Methods include:
— restrained joints over an adequate length of pipeline;

— thrust or anchor blocks;

— cradles and clamps, generally for non-buried pipelines;

— anchoring underwater pipelines to prevent floatation.

Anchorages should be designed to avoid transmitting vibration.

Where thrust or anchor blocks are to bear against the soil, the safe bearing pressures shall be
determined. The possibility of shear failure, sliding, and potential disturbance of the block by
subsequent excavation shall be considered.
9.3 Choice of materials and components

The material for rising mains and vacuum pipelines shall be selected in accordance with the principles
in EN 752:2017, 8.6.4.
Particular care shall be taken:
a) where wastewater contains or develops aggressive, corrosive or abrasive substances;

b) in contaminated or aggressive soil conditions;

c) in adverse ground conditions;

d) in aquifer protection zones.

Pipelines shall be constructed from corrosion resistant materials unaffected by permanent contact with
wastewater, wastewater gases and surrounding ground conditions. Pipes and joints shall have a smooth
interior surface and be resistant to cyclic stresses.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

Components shall comply with the relevant European Product Standards and be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
9.4 Discharge points

The location and design of the discharge point shall also take into account the possibility of nuisance
from noise resulting from splashing and from odour.
9.5 Valves and valve chambers
9.5.1 Valves

Valves of various types should be provided where appropriate as follows:

a) isolating valves to allow sections of pipework, pumps, other valves, etc. to be removed without
emptying the whole pipeline or without taking the whole network out of service;

b) isolating valves to facilitate maintenance, locate leakage and permit repairs. In particular isolating
valves or other means of isolation shall be provided on each branch of a pressure sewer or vacuum
system. When fully open, isolating valves should not disturb the flow;

c) washout valves at low points and, on longer rising mains, at intermediate points to allow sections of
rising mains to be emptied;

d) non-return valves at pumps to prevent backflow from the rising main;

e) air valves can be provided at summits and other points on rising mains to facilitate the release of
air during operation and entry of air when the main is being emptied. Trapped air reduces the
effective cross sectional area in the main, locally increasing the velocity. It also increases the
resistance in the rising main, decreasing the flow rate. It can also affect pressure transients (surge
pressures) as indicated by the surge analysis. When a single valve is used this shall be double
acting. Odour emissions can occur at air valves, which shall be considered in the planning stage.

Consideration shall be given to the surge effects of valve operation.

To minimize surge pressures in rising mains, valves can be provided on rising mains that close
gradually before the pumps are stopped, and open gradually after the pumps have been started.
All valves shall be suitable for use with wastewater and shall be designed to prevent retention of solids.
Valves should be selected to minimize the whole life costs,
Where valves are not contained in valve chambers they shall have extension spindles made of a
corrosion resistant material within a vertical pipe extending to a suitable valve box with removable
cover.
All valves shall be identified by durable tags. The location of valves and inspection pipes should be
indicated with appropriate signs.
9.5.2 Valve chambers

Valve chambers shall be provided at washout valves and air valves. Valve chambers may also be
provided at isolating valves to facilitate their maintenance.
The design of valve chambers shall provide for:
a) removal and replacement of valves;

b) safe access for personnel into the chamber;

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

c) vehicle access to the site of the chamber;

d) adequate ventilation and, where necessary, odour control (see 8.3.4) of air valve chambers;

e) corrosion resistance of the chamber or ventilating pipework where necessary.

Arrangements shall be made for removing standing water from valve chambers. For washout valve
chambers this shall include provision to remove wastewater and sediments.
9.6 Means of inspection

A means of access to rising mains should be provided at sufficient intervals to allow inspection of the
whole main. This can be provided at valve locations.

10 Installation
10.1 Installation of pipelines

Pipelines shall be installed in accordance with EN 1610 or EN 12889 as appropriate.

Thermal insulation or heating may be necessary under certain conditions to prevent freezing.
A warning marker (e.g. tape or netting), should be laid in the trench above the pipeline. Where the
pipeline material is non-conducting, a location system should be provided.
10.2 Installation of pumping stations and vacuum stations

For installation of pumping stations and vacuum stations see EN 16932-2 or EN 16932-3 as
appropriate.

11 Testing and commissioning

11.1 Commissioning

All upstream gravity drains and sewers should be clear of building material and debris before the
system to which they discharge is commissioned and any unauthorised surface water connections
should be diverted. All collection tanks and chambers shall be cleaned and contain no foreign matter.
The cleaning shall be completed before any commissioning tests are undertaken.
A commissioning programme should be produced that includes all foreseeable operating conditions.
The commissioning programme should be agreed between the client and the supplier.
Commissioning tests shall be undertaken to demonstrate that all equipment functions satisfactorily.
Commissioning tests are described in EN 16932-2 and EN 16932-3.

12 Operations and maintenance

12.1 Introduction

National regulations or the relevant authority can specify requirements in relation to maintenance and
operation.
To minimize maintenance and operations requirements and costs, careful attention needs to be given to
the design of pumping stations, vacuum stations and collection chambers including their equipment and
accessibility.

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

12.2 Inspection and maintenance activities

Operational and maintenance activities shall be carried out in accordance with EN 752:2017, Clause 10,
and in accordance with the operation and maintenance plans (see EN 752:2017, 6.4.4.3).
The activities include:
— planned inspection and maintenance;

— responding to failures.

A maintenance programme and fault rectification service shall be established.

Planned maintenance of the pumps, valves and other equipment should take account of the experience
of the operator and the manufacturer's recommendations. Collection tanks or collection chambers and
air flushing stations should be inspected at least annually. Inspection frequencies should take account of
operating experience and the risk associated with failure which can indicate the need for more frequent
inspections.
Further information on planned inspection and maintenance activities are described in EN 16932-2 and
EN 16932-3.
Cleaning of the pipes is usually unnecessary. However, flushing can be necessary for the following
reasons:
— to achieve minimum self-cleansing conditions;

— to restrict retention time and avoid the formation of septic wastewater.

Access points should be installed where necessary to facilitate cleaning. As a minimum, access points
should be installed at the upstream end of each pressure sewer or rising main.
NOTE 1 National or local regulations can place restrictions on the use of drinking water for flushing of drains
and sewers.

Air flushing can be carried out with mobile or permanently installed flushing stations. If a permanent
flushing station is used, its failure for several hours or even for a few days does not immediately lead to
a significant impairment of the operation of the system, and therefore a warning system and emergency
power supply are not always necessary.
NOTE 2 National or local regulations can specify inspection intervals for electric equipment and pressure tanks
in air flushing systems.

Vacuum sewers can be flushed with air by opening an interface valve or an inspection pipe to admit
atmospheric air into the system.
The main problems associated with pumping stations are as follows:
a) blockage of pumps, valves, screens etc. by debris;

b) power failure;

c) failure of rising main;

d) electrical or mechanical failure of a component of the pump, its control equipment, or telemetry
unit;

e) crust or film formation inhibiting the operation of control devices;

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EN 16932-1:2018 (E)

f) noise and/or vibration;

g) odour complaints;

h) excessive power consumption;

i) vandalism.

Solutions to some of these problems include the following:

— repair or replace the pumping equipment;

— cleaning and clearing collection tanks and collection chambers and their equipment when
inspection identified that this is necessary;

— reduce extraneous flow;

— installation of a system to prevent the formation of septic wastewater or ventilation of the

collection tank;

— installation of upstream grease separators;

— review of the control system;

— installation of standby power supplies;

— installation of screens upstream of the collection tank.

In addition, the installation of warning or telemetry systems can help reduce the impact of failure by
allowing early correction of actual or incipient failures.
12.3 Operations and maintenance manuals and training

As constructed drawings of the system and an operator's manual shall be provided, guidance on the
contents of the manual is given in EN 16932-2 and EN 16932-3.
The manufacturer shall advise of any special tools and equipment needed to operate and maintain the
system and recommend an appropriate holding of spare parts.
The manufacturer or system supplier should make available facilities for operator training. The training
shall cover system installation, operation, maintenance, record keeping and interpretation.

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Bibliography

[1] EN 476, General requirements for components used in drains and sewers

[2] EN 809, Pumps and pump units for liquids — Common safety requirements

[3] EN 12050 (all parts), Wastewater lifting plants for buildings and sites

[4] EN 12255-9, Wastewater treatment plants — Part 9: Odour control and ventilation

[5] EN 13380, General requirements for components used for renovation and repair of drain and sewer
systems outside buildings

[6] EN 13508 (all parts), Investigation and assessment of drain and sewer systems outside buildings

[7] EN 14457, General requirements for components specifically designed for use in trenchless
construction of drains and sewers

[8] EN 15885, Classification and characteristics of techniques for renovation and repair of drains and
sewers

[9] EN 16933-2, Drain and sewer systems outside buildings — Design — Part 2: Hydraulic design

[10] EN 60034-30-1, Rotating electrical machines — Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line operated AC
motors (IE code) (IEC 60034-30-1)

[11] EN ISO 17769-1:2012, Liquid pumps and installation — General terms, definitions, quantities,
letter symbols and units — Part 1: Liquid pumps (ISO 17769-1:2012)

[12] EN ISO 17769-2:2012, Liquid pumps and installation — General terms, definitions, quantities,
letter symbols and units — Part 2: Pumping System (ISO 17769-2:2012)

[13] Safety and Health Framework Directive (1989/391/EEC)

[14] Explosive Atmospheres (ATEX) Directives (2014/34/EU and 1999/92/EC);

[15] Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC)

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