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Denoising BM

This document is a plagiarism scan report for a paper on BM3D denoising algorithms for medical images. The report finds no plagiarized content and provides details on the paper such as the number of words and characters. The paper focuses on using the BM3D technique to reduce noise in medical images to improve diagnoses and reduce health risks. BM3D exhibits strong denoising performance but has some limitations like requiring a supplied noise level.

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28 views3 pages

Denoising BM

This document is a plagiarism scan report for a paper on BM3D denoising algorithms for medical images. The report finds no plagiarized content and provides details on the paper such as the number of words and characters. The paper focuses on using the BM3D technique to reduce noise in medical images to improve diagnoses and reduce health risks. BM3D exhibits strong denoising performance but has some limitations like requiring a supplied noise level.

Uploaded by

Parker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dec 15, 2023

Plagiarism Scan Report


Characters:6849 Words:971
0% 100%
Plagiarized Unique Speak Time:
Sentences:41
8 Min

Excluded URL None

Content Checked for Plagiarism


BM3D Denoising Algorithms for Medical Image Ahmed N. H. Alnuaimy Al-
Rafidain University College Baghdad, Iraq [email protected] Aqeel
Mahmood Jawad Al-Rafidain University College Baghdad, Iraq
[email protected] Sarah Ali Abdulkareem Al-Turath University College
Baghdad, Iraq [email protected] Firas Mahmood Mustafa Al-Noor
University College Nineveh, Iraq : [email protected] Svitlana
Ivanchenko Odessa Medical Institute of the International Humanitarian
University Odesa, Ukraine [email protected] Serhii Toliupa Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv, Ukraine [email protected]
Abstract — Background: Medical diagnostic and imaging technology has
been fundamentally impacted by the twenty-first-century increase in internet
technology, computers, wireless communication, and data storage. However,
like with other imaging modalities, medical imaging may be hampered by
noise and artifacts, compromising effective diagnostic analysis and
potentially posing health hazards. Objective: The study focuses on the BM3D
(Block Matching and 3D Filtering) technique, a state-of-the-art method, to
combat the noise in medical images. By denoising these images, it aims to
improve the quality of medical diagnoses and reduce associated risks.
Methods: Building upon the foundation set by the Non-Local Means (NLM)
filtering method, the BM3D technique utilizes a patch-based denoising
mechanism. Instead of denoising individual pixels, clusters or blocks of pixels
are processed collectively to improve the overall image quality. Results: BM3D
will exhibit strong performance against impartial thoroughness criteria,
making it a prospective stalwart in the denoising realm for medical images.
Yet, certain limitations, like user-supplied noise levels and potential artifacts
due to hard thresholding, are identified. Conclusion: While BM3D emerges as
a powerful denoising tool for medical images, it's imperative to address its
limitations to further bolster its efficacy and applicability in real-time
diagnostic imaging systems. Keywords: BM3D, NLM, denoising, gaussian
noise, algorithms. Introduction Image denoising is a fundamental and long-
standing problem in image processing, aimed at recovering a high-quality
image from its noisy observation. Image noise can be additive or
multiplicative, representing random changes in color information or
brightness[1]. The denoising process faces the challenge of dealing with the
poorly-posed inverse problem, as the degradation process often results in the
loss of crucial information from the original image . In the image denoising

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process, the relationship between the noisy observation and the original
high-quality image can be represented as follows: y=x+n, (1) The equation
indicates that the observed noisy image y is obtained by adding the additive
noise n to the true high-quality image x. The task of image denoising is to
estimate or approximate the original image x by removing the noise
component n from the noisy observation y. The accurate estimation of x from
y is a challenging task due to the loss of information caused by the noise.
Denoising algorithms, such as the Block Matching and 3D Filtering (BM3D)
method, use various techniques and prior knowledge to perform the
denoising process effectively and recover the underlying high-quality image
x. By successfully denoising the image, authors and practitioners can improve
image quality and facilitate various image processing tasks and applications.
To address this issue, prior knowledge and techniques are applied to estimate
the latent image accurately. Two main domains are commonly used for
image denoising: spatial domain and frequency domain [2]. Spatial domain
denoising involves applying filters directly to the intensity values of the image.
This approach, such as Mean Filter, Median Filter, and Gaussian Smoothing,
has been widely used due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. Non-
Local Means (NLM) introduced a patch-based denoising approach, which
considers groups of pixels (patches) rather than individual pixels for filtering,
leading to improved denoising performance [3]. Building on the success of
NLM, the Block Matching and 3D Filtering (BM3D) method also adopts the
patch-based denoising strategy, using blocks of pixels instead of individual
pixels. BM3D defines a reference patch around a specific pixel and searches
for similar patches within a designated search box. The similarity between
patches determines their weighting during the denoising process [4]. Despite
its effectiveness in reducing Additive White Gaussian Noise, BM3D has some
limitations. It requires a user-supplied noise level for each noisy image, which
is impractical for real-time systems. Additionally, the hard thresholding
applied to blocks of the noisy image can lead to some artifacts in the
denoised result [5]. Addressing these drawbacks and enhancing BM3D's
performance remain active areas of study in the field of image denoising. The
Aim of the Article The main aim of this article is to explore the complexities
and practical uses of the Block-Matching and 3D Filtering (BM3D) denoising
method, particularly in medical imaging. Medical imaging modalities, such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and X-ray
scans, often encounter the issue of noise, which can hinder the visualisation
of crucial information and may result in erroneous diagnoses. The BM3D
method is well recognised for its effectiveness in picture denoising, offering a
promising approach to address this prevalent issue. The use of the spatial and
transform-domain collaborative filtering technique has allowed BM3D to
exhibit exceptional noise reduction capabilities while still maintaining crucial
picture information. The primary objective of this article is to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of BM3D, its
application in the field of medical imaging, and the concrete advantages it
presents in terms of improving picture quality and diagnostic precision. By
conducting a thorough examination and examining practical examples, our

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objective is to emphasise the significant impact that BM3D may have on
enhancing the standard and dependability of medical imaging. Problem
Statement In the rapidly expanding field of medical imaging, the utmost
importance is placed on the quality and precision of pictures. Nevertheless, a
persistent obstacle encountered by radiologists and healthcare practitioners
is the existence of noise within these pictures. The presence of noise, which
may arise from several sources, such as the image capture process or limits in
equipment, can have a substantial negative impact on the overall quality of
medical scans. The phenomenon above not only serves to obfuscate intricate
nuanc

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