Chapter 7 Artificial Intelligence

EXERCISES
A. Tick the correct option and fill in the blanks
1. _________________ is not an application based on AI.
a) Flying drone b) self driving car c) calculator
2. Artificial intelligence is a branch of ____________________________
a) Computer science b) chemistry c) biology
3. _________________ is an attempt to model the network of cells of human
brain ion a computer.
a) Artificial brain b) Artificial Neural network c) Artificial nerves
4. __________________ is a specific subset of AI that trains a machine how to
learn
a) Machine learning b) Binary digits c) Deep learning
5. System such as __________________________ is powered by deep learning
a) Supercomputer b) microcomputer c) Cortana
6. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency completed street mapping
projects in
___________________.
a) 1960s b) 1970s c) 1980s
7. The AI systems are efficient enough to _______________ human efforts in
various areas.
a) Reduce b) increase c) neutralize
8. Doctors are clinical ___________________ to diagnose the patient.
a) Intelligent Robots b) Expert systems c) AI apps.
B. Write T for true and F for false statements:
1. AI is a way of making a computer, a software thinks intelligently. T
2. Artificial neural network is an attempt to model the network of
cells of human brain on a computer. T
3. Deep learning is a method of data analysis that automates analytical
model building. F
4. DARPA produced intelligent personal assistants in 1970s. F
5. The artificial intelligence applications help to get the work done
faster and with accurate results. T
6. Biometrics is a computer generated, animated program that is used as
a chatbot by enterprises. F
7. Facial recognition technology helps identify a person with their
digital image. T

C. Write one word answer for the following:

1. The ability of a machine to learn and make decision on its own.
Artificial intelligence
2. The artificial model of our neurons.
Artificial neural network
3. An example of machine learning application.
Amazon
4. A type of machine learning that trains a computer to perform
human like tasks.
Deep learning
5. The science of drawing insights from natural human language in order to
communicate with the machines.
Google Assistant
6. These systems provide explanation and advice to the users.
Expert system
7. These have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge
memory, to exhibit intelligence.
Strong AI
8. It helps in analyzing the speed of movement of traffic and
suggests the fastest routes.
Commuting
D. Fill in the blanks
1. The artificial intelligence applications help to get the work done faster and
with Accurate results.
2. A Facial recognition take photographs which are used to figure out special
information or map of the areas.
3. Virtual agents is capable of hearing and comprehending the language when
a human talks to it.
4. The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a
pen or on screen by a stylus.
5. Banks use chatbots to help customers deposit cheques,
identify frauds etc.
6. Ola and Uber apps calculate the price of your ride, minimize the wait time
and predict peak time.
NOTES

When a machine can do things in a way that is indistinguishable from human

behavior, it is known as AI. Artificial Intelligence can be defined as a branch of
computer science concerned with the study and creation of computer systems
that can exhibit or replicate human intelligence. Thus, Artificial intelligence is
the intelligence shown by machines, which can be gained by performing
statistical operations on the data rather than being explicitly programmed to
do so. It is a way of making a computer, a computer controlled robot, or a
software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
How does AI Work? AI includes tools and techniques like Artificial Neural
Networks, Machine Learning and Deep learning to work like human and mind.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Artificial neural network is an attempt to
model the network of cells of human brain on a computer. It is like an
interconnected web of artificial neurons. ANN was developed consisting the
way our brain works. It was inspired by the way neurons work, whose major
task is to process information. The architecture of neural network is similar to
neurons.

Thus, neural networks are computing systems with interconnected nodes that
work much like neurons in the human brain. Using algorithms, they can
recognize hidden patterns and correlations in raw data, cluster and classify it.

 Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides

systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience
without being explicitly programmed. In ML, there are different algorithms
(e.g. neural networks) that help to solve problems.

 Deep learning, or deep neural learning, is a subset of machine learning, which

uses the neural networks to analyze different factors with a structure that is
similar to the human neural system.

Types of AI There are two types of Artificial Intelligence- Weak AI and Strong
AI. Let us study the difference between them
Weak AI
Its application is narrow and the scope is very limited.
It is good at specific tasks
It uses supervised and unsupervised learning.
Examples: Siri, Alexa
Strong AI
It is widely applied and the scope is vast.
It has incredible human-level intelligence.
It uses clustering and association to process
data.
Examples: Robotics, Automation
History of AI
Artificial intelligence is popular ever since its introduction in 1940-1950’s. Early
AI research in 1950s explored topics like problem solving and symbolic
methods. In the 1960s, the US Department of Defense took interest in this type
of work and began training computers to mimic basic human reasoning. For
example, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
completed street mapping projects in the 1970s and DARPA produced
Intelligent Personal Assistants in 2003
Applications of AI-AI has been dominant in various fields such as –
Gaming: AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess,
poker, tic-tac-toe, etc. where machine can think of large number of
possible positions based on heuristic knowledge.

Natural language Processing: Natural Language Processing (NLP)

refers to the science of drawing insights from natural human
language in order to communicate with the machines and grow
businesses. It is possible to interact with the computer that
understands natural language spoken by humans. Twitter uses NLP
to filter out rude language rude language in their tweets and
Amazon uses NLP to understand customer reviews and improve
user experience.

Expert Systems: There are some applications which integrate machine,

software and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They
provide explanation and advice to the users.

Vision Systems: Theses systems understand, interpret and comprehend

visual input on the computer. For Example

 A spying aeroplane takes photographs, which are used to figure

out special information or map of the areas.
 Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patients.
 Police uses computer software that can recognize the face of a
criminal with the stored portrait made by the forensic artist.
Speech Recognition: It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the
background, change in human’s voice due to cold, etc. For example, Google
Assistant
Handwriting Recognition: The handwriting recognition software reads
the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can
recognize the shapes of the letter and convert them, it into editable
text.

Intelligent Robots: Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a

human. They have efficient processors, multiple processors, multiple
sensors and huge memory, to exhibit the intelligence.

Banking and Financial Systems: With the use of AI system, banks

and other financial institutions are able to develop Smart Apps to
help customers deposit cheques, identify frauds, etc. The strategic
implementation of artificial implementation in the bank helps them
to focus on every customer, and provide them with a quick
resolution.

Commuting: Google’s AI powered predictions use location data from the

smart phones. Google maps can analyze the speed of movement of traffic and
suggest the fastest routes.
Facial Recognition
Facial recognition technology is regarded as the Artificial Intelligence future
due to its immense popularity. It helps identify a person with their digital
image or patterns of their facial features.
AI- Enabled Chips -AI enabled applications are too fast to be handled by either
regular or advanced CPUs. These chips are expected to handle the high
performance computing, predictive analytics and speed up query processing
with next generation databases.
Biometrics
Biometrics is an application of Artificial Intelligence, which is used for security
purposes. Distinctive and measurable characteristics of human body parts like
the shape of a nose, size of ears, iris, fingerprints, and DNA and analyzed in
physical biometrics.
Virtual Agents
Virtual agents are computer generated, animated programs that are used as
chatbots by the enterprises. These intelligent agents are used as online
customer care representatives.