SMART SURVEILLANCE FOR HOME SECURITY

ABSTRACT
Smart surveillance systems, integrating cloud-based storage, IoT, and artificial intelligence, have
revolutionized home security by providing real-time monitoring, remote access, and control via
voice commands and smartphone apps. Biometric authentication and facial recognition enhance
security through precise identification and access management. Video analytics features enable
intelligent monitoring and warning, including object detection and anomalous behavior
recognition. Integration with smart home ecosystems allows for automation and smooth control
of devices. Wearable technology offers GPS tracking and panic buttons for personal safety in
emergencies. However, data privacy and cybersecurity are crucial, and manufacturers must use
secure design principles and provide frequent updates. Smart surveillance for home security has
a bright future, continuously developing to offer better features and meet the evolving needs of
homeowners.
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Smart surveillance for home security in the context of smart homes involves the use of various
technologies and systems to monitor and ensure the safety and security of the home environment
and its occupants. This includes the use of wireless sensor networks (Shin & Kwon, 2019), video
surveillance cameras (Dave et al., 2021), and smart devices such as smart cameras Bugeja et al.
(2018) and smart connected cameras (Chong, 2022). The surveillance systems in smart homes
are designed to monitor activities, provide safety and security management (Dave et al., 2021),
and enable remote monitoring of home appliances (Gnotthivongsa et al., 2020). Additionally,
smart surveillance systems are integrated with other smart home functionalities such as
healthcare support, energy management, and remote patient monitoring (Taiwo & Ezugwu,
2020).
The security aspect of smart surveillance in home security is crucial, as it involves protecting the
privacy of information, preserving data confidentiality and integrity, and ensuring the availability
of smart home services (AlLifah & Zualkernan, 2022). However, the resource-constrained nature
of many devices in smart home environments presents security vulnerabilities (Jacobsson et al.,
2016; Lee et al., 2014). Furthermore, the use of smart surveillance technologies raises important
privacy and security concerns, particularly in relation to surveillance of household members and
potential risks such as stalking and violence (Lupton et al., 2021).
In the context of smart homes, surveillance systems are not only limited to security monitoring
but also extend to applications such as intelligent urban surveillance systems and smart cities
(Ismail et al., 2021). The interconnected nature of smart devices forms a smart home ecosystem
with capabilities including surveillance applications (Hariyadi et al., 2021). The application of
learning algorithms in smart home IoT system security is also crucial for addressing security
vulnerabilities and ensuring the protection of privacy (Mao et al., 2018).
In summary, smart surveillance for home security in the context of smart homes encompasses the
use of various technologies and systems for monitoring and ensuring the safety and security of
the home environment and its occupants. While providing numerous benefits, it also raises
important privacy and security concerns that need to be addressed to ensure the protection of
privacy and data integrity.
1.1 IMPORTANCE OF HOME SECURITY IN TODAY'S SOCIETY
Home security is crucial in today's society due to rising crime rates, the need to protect loved
ones, prevention of break-ins, safeguarding valuables, remote monitoring capabilities, potential
insurance benefits, and overall peace of mind. A robust home security system acts as a deterrent
and provides a sense of safety and peace of mind. Related home security systems, such as
surveillance cameras, alarms, and motion sensors, can discourage burglars from targeting homes,
alerting authorities in case of suspicious activity. These measures also protect valuable
possessions like electronics, jewelry, and important documents from theft or damage.
Modern home security systems offer remote monitoring and control features, allowing
homeowners to monitor their homes, receive real-time alerts, and control various aspects of their
security system remotely. This convenience allows individuals to keep an eye on their property
even when away.
Insurance companies often offer discounts on home insurance premiums for properties with
adequate security measures, allowing homeowners to potentially save money on insurance costs
while ensuring property safety.
In conclusion, home security is essential in today's society due to rising crime rates, the need to
protect loved ones, prevention of break-ins, safeguarding valuables, remote monitoring
capabilities, potential insurance benefits, and overall peace of mind. Investing in a
comprehensive home security system is a proactive step towards ensuring the safety and well-
being of homes and their inhabitants.
 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 SMART SURVEILLANCE
Smart surveillance encompasses the use of advanced technologies such as intelligent cameras,
video analytics, and IoT-enabled systems to monitor and manage urban areas, campuses, and
other spaces (Valera & Velastín, 2005; Anagnostopoulos et al., 2021). In the context of smart
cities, smart surveillance systems are being implemented to enhance security, improve urban
management, and enable efficient decision-making (Ismagilova et al., 2020; Sánchez-Corcuera et
al., 2019). These systems often involve the use of sensors, drones, and automated object
detection algorithms to detect and identify potential security threats (Hu & Ni, 2018).
Additionally, smart surveillance extends to applications beyond traditional security, such as the
use of smart thermometers for real-time population-level health surveillance (Miller et al., 2018;
Ackley et al., 2020).
However, the implementation of smart surveillance also raises concerns regarding privacy,
security, and ethical implications (Nagothu et al., 2018). There is a need to address user-centric
protection and privacy in smart surveillance systems to ensure the ethical and responsible use of
surveillance technologies (Vagts et al., 2012). Furthermore, scholars have highlighted the
potential for smart surveillance to be used for social control and the reinforcement of power
dynamics within urban environments (Sadowski & Pasquale, 2015; Melgaço & Brakel, 2021;
Dortdivanlioglu, 2021).
In summary, smart surveillance encompasses a range of technologies and applications aimed at
enhancing security, urban management, and public health monitoring. While offering various
benefits, the ethical and societal implications of smart surveillance warrant careful consideration
to ensure that these systems are deployed in a manner that respects privacy, protects individual
rights, and promotes social well-being.
2.1 COMPONENTS OF A SMART SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
The components of a smart surveillance system encompass a wide array of technologies and
functionalities. These components include edge artificial intelligence on IoT devices for efficient
parking surveillance , microservices architecture for distributed network environments with a
large number of IoT devices , machine-to-machine (M2M) communications for networked
applications such as smart home technologies and surveillance , smart contract-based access
control for IoT devices , and blockchain-enabled decentralized capability-based access control
for protecting network cameras and motion sensors in urban surveillance platforms .
Additionally, the components involve the use of wireless sensor networks for energy-efficient
surveillance systems , automated object detection algorithms for urban surveillance systems ,
automatic video analysis techniques like object detection, tracking, and classification , and the
integration of multiple heterogeneous cameras and smart cameras for multi-camera control and
coordination in surveillance systems .
Furthermore, the components include the use of cloud-based smart video surveillance systems
for smart cities, which encompass video surveillance, scalable video streaming, cloud
computing, middleware platforms, and smart city paradigms. Other essential components involve
video sensor architecture for surveillance applications, UAV cluster-based video surveillance
system optimization, abnormal visual event detection based on multi-instance learning Ke et al.
(2021), and secure DTN-based smart camera surveillance systems (Nagothu et al., 2018). These
components collectively contribute to the development of comprehensive and effective smart
surveillance systems, enabling advanced functionalities such as real-time monitoring, intelligent
analytics, and secure access control.
2.1.1 HIGH-DEFINITION CAMERAS FOR CLEAR AND DETAILED FOOTAGE
Any modern surveillance system must have high-definition cameras. These cameras are made to
record crisp, detailed video, increasing visibility and boosting the surveillance system's overall
efficacy.
When compared to conventional analog cameras, high-definition (HD) cameras provide better
resolution and image quality. With the ability to record video at 720p, 1080p, or even 4K
resolutions, they may produce images that are crisper and more detailed. Better identification of
people, things, and events is made possible by this, which facilitates incident analysis and
investigation.
Additionally, HD cameras offer better clarity in dimly lit areas. Infrared (IR) illuminators are one
of the many cutting-edge features that many HD cameras have installed, allowing them to record
sharp video even in total darkness. This qualifies them for round-the-clock monitoring in a
variety of surroundings.
Moreover, operators can monitor bigger regions with fewer cameras because to the greater
viewing angles that HD cameras frequently offer. This lowers installation costs and streamlines
the setup process for the entire surveillance system.
All things considered; high-definition cameras are essential to provide the best possible quality
of security footage. HD cameras improve the efficacy of surveillance systems by capturing
detailed and crisp images, which makes it possible to monitor security more effectively and
streamline investigations.

2.1.2 MOTION SENSORS AND ALARMS FOR INTRUSION DETECTION

The essential elements of a smart surveillance system, particularly for intruder detection, are
motion sensors and alarms. Together, these gadgets are able to identify and warn of any
unwanted movement or entry into a secured area.
Motion sensors can identify movement within their area of view or variations in infrared
emission. They are available in different varieties, including passive infrared (PIR) sensors and
dual-technology sensors that combine PIR and microwave detection, and they can be installed
both indoors and outdoors. A motion sensor can set off a local alert or send an alarm signal to the
central monitoring station when it detects movement.
Alarms are essential for alerting property owners or security staff to possible intruders. They
might be loud sirens that sound to ward off intruders, or they can be sound an alarm to warn
anyone in the vicinity, or use silent alarms that subtly alert security staff or the monitoring station
without waking the invader.
Motion sensors can be included into a smart surveillance system and set to trigger particular
actions. These actions could include turning on lights or locking doors, alerting mobile devices in
real time, or activating nearby cameras to begin recording.
An efficient method of detecting intrusions is offered by smart surveillance systems, which
integrate motion sensors and alerts. They make it possible to monitor proactively, react quickly
to possible attacks, and improve the protected area's general security.

Fig 2.1: Intrusion Detection System

2.1.3 SMART LOCKS AND ACCESS CONTROL FOR ADDED SECURITY
Smart locks and access control systems are essential components of a comprehensive security
system for residential and commercial properties. Smart locks use keyless entry features, such as
keypads, smartphones, or biometric authentication, to control access remotely, ensuring secure
and easy access. Access control systems, on the other hand, use credentials like keycards, access
codes, or biometrics to authorize or refuse access. These systems can be linked with other
security elements like surveillance cameras and alarms for a comprehensive security solution.

Combining smart locks and smart locks improves security by allowing only authorized
individuals to access restricted areas, reducing theft and vandalism. They also offer versatility
and ease of use, allowing property owners to temporarily grant access to contractors or guests,
and receive records or notifications on entry and exit.
Linking these systems with other smart devices like security cameras or alarm systems creates an
integrated security environment, allowing for smoother automation and efficient response to
security breaches. Overall, smart locks and smart locks enhance security, convenience, and
control over building entry, making them crucial components of modern security systems.

Fig 2.2: Access Control Mechanism for Smart Locks

2.2 HOME SECURITY
Home security involves measures to protect a residence from intruders, theft, and vandalism. It
includes physical barriers like locks, fences, and security doors, as well as electronic systems like
alarms and surveillance cameras. Smart home technology can remotely monitor and control
various aspects of security.
 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 PRIVACY CONCERNS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
3.1 POTENTIAL RISKS OF DATA BREACHES AND UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS
The potential risks of data breaches and unauthorized access in smart surveillance systems are
multifaceted and require comprehensive consideration. These risks encompass unauthorized
access and manipulation by malicious entities, vulnerable settings of wireless communications,
potential unauthorized access control management issues, and feasible solutions Mahadewa et al.
(2021) Haque & Bhushan, 2021). Furthermore, the risks extend to data security threats during
data access, leading to unauthorized access, alteration, and disclosure of data, affecting the
confidentiality and integrity of the data (Hou et al., 2020). Unauthorized access, such as cyber-
attacks, to a smart home system could cause danger by controlling sensors and actuators, opening
the doors for a thief (Al-Mutawa & Eassa, 2020). The exposure of smart objects to public areas
and communication through wireless networks makes them vulnerable to malicious attacks
(Sicari et al., 2015). Additionally, unauthorized access to information on devices that manage the
security of the house, such as smart doors or windows, and surveillance systems such as cameras,
poses critical problems (Alcarria et al., 2018).
Moreover, the risks include potential unauthorized access between smart devices, privacy
invasion, and illegal disclosure of personal information in smart grid environments, necessitating
privacy protection frameworks and efficient home device access control mechanisms (Cho et al.,
2014). Video surveillance systems are susceptible to unauthorized access attacks, posing security
and privacy issues in various settings such as home security, public transportation, and critical
infrastructures (Vennam et al., 2021). The potential risks also encompass the safety of people in
both homes and public places, emphasizing the need for robust security measures (Saba et al.,
2021). Commercial practices in the smart home technology sector can formulate issues of
security and risk, particularly in products such as smart door locks, home surveillance cameras,
and virtual home assistants (Chong, 2022).
Furthermore, unauthorized access of sensor data could interfere with the proper functioning of
the system, emphasizing the need for robust security measures (Mendez, 2017). The proposed
BlendCAC, a blockchain-enabled decentralized capability-based access control system, aims to
protect network cameras and motion sensors in urban surveillance platforms, highlighting the
importance of advanced access control mechanisms (Xu et al., 2018). The characteristics and
functions of IoT make it widely used in smart homes, smart transportation, industrial monitoring,
and other fields, necessitating comprehensive security measures to mitigate potential risks (Zhou
et al., 2020).
In summary, the potential risks of data breaches and unauthorized access in smart surveillance
systems are diverse and require a multi-faceted approach to address vulnerabilities, protect
sensitive data, and ensure the integrity and security of these systems.
3.2 IMPORTANCE OF ENCRYPTION AND SECURE NETWORK PROTOCOLS
Encryption and secure network protocols play a vital role in ensuring the confidentiality,
integrity, and authenticity of data transmitted over networks. Here are some key reasons why
encryption and secure network protocols are important:
• Data Protection: Encryption converts data into ciphertext, ensuring unauthorized access to
sensitive information.
• Privacy and Confidentiality: Encryption safeguards privacy by ensuring only authorized parties
can access encrypted data. Secure network protocols like HTTPS protects confidentiality.
• Data Integrity: Secure network protocols like TLS ensure data integrity by detecting
unauthorized modifications or tampering.
• Authentication and Trust: Secure network protocols verify identities of communicating parties,
preventing unauthorized access.
• Regulatory Compliance: Encryption and secure network protocols are often required to comply
with strict regulations in industries like finance, healthcare, and government.
In conclusion, data protection, privacy preservation, data integrity assurance, building trust, and
regulatory compliance all depend on encryption and secure network protocols. Organizations
may improve overall network security by putting these security measures in place and reducing
the risk of data breaches, illegal access, and manipulation.
3.3 USER CONTROL AND CONSENT FOR DATA COLLECTION AND SHARING
User control and consent for data collection and sharing are crucial aspects of ensuring privacy
and maintaining trust in today's digital landscape. Here are some key points highlighting the
importance of user control and consent:
• User control and consent empower individuals to control their personal information, ensuring
privacy and aligning it with their preferences.
• Transparency and trust are fostered by providing users with control and seeking their consent.
• Empowerment and autonomy are given to individuals, allowing them to make informed choices
about their data.
• Regulatory compliance, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU,
requires organizations to obtain user consent and provide clear options for data control.
• Enhanced user experience is enhanced when users have control over their data, allowing for
personalized privacy settings and data preferences management.
Obtaining user control and consent is crucial for privacy, credibility, enabling people, adhering to
laws, and improving user experience. Organizations should prioritize these principles by
providing clear channels for users to control and give informed consent.
3.4 ADVANCED FEATURES OF SMART SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS
3.4.1 Facial Recognition Technology for Identification of Known Individuals
Facial recognition technology is a powerful tool that can be used for the identification of known
individuals. Here are some key points highlighting the use and benefits of facial recognition
technology for identification purposes:
• Accuracy and Efficiency: Utilizes algorithms to analyze unique facial features and patterns for
identification.
• Enhanced Security: Quickly identifies known individuals, enhancing security measures in
various settings.
• Time and Cost Savings: Automates identification process, saving time and resources.
• User Convenience: Eliminates need for physical identification cards or credentials, allowing
quick recognition and access to facilities.
• Scalability and Integration: Can be easily scaled and integrated into existing security systems,
creating a comprehensive security ecosystem.
Facial recognition technology offers accurate and efficient identification, enhancing security,
saving time and costs, and enabling seamless integration into existing systems. However,
concerns about privacy and ethical use must be addressed. Adequate safeguards are needed to
protect personal data, ensure transparency, and address potential biases or misuse.

Fig 3.1: Process for Face Recognition system

3.4.2 Integration with Smart Home Devices for Seamless Automation and Control
Facial recognition technology can enhance security, customize user experiences, automate and
control smart home appliances, and increase energy efficiency. It can limit access to only
authorized users and send alerts or notifications when an unidentified face is found. Facial
recognition can also personalize user experiences by changing settings or preferences based on
the detected individual's preferences. This can include lighting, temperature, or music
preferences.
Simple automation and control can be achieved when a known face is spotted at the front
entrance, such as turning on lights, adjusting thermostats, and playing personalized music. This
eliminates the need for manual control and improves practicality. Facial recognition technology
can also reduce energy use by automatically changing energy-consuming equipment when
people are present.
Using voice control platforms like Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa allows users to operate
smart home appliances through voice prompts and facial recognition. However, privacy concerns
must be considered, ensuring transparent consent and security measures. The utility and
convenience of a smart home system can be significantly increased by using facial recognition
technology, provided it is used properly and with privacy concerns in mind.
3.4.3 Cloud Storage and Backup Options for Secure Data Management
Cloud storage and backup options provide secure and convenient ways to manage and protect
your data. Here are some popular options and their benefits:
• Dropbox: Offers seamless file synchronization, robust security measures, and advanced
collaboration features.
• Google Drive: Offers free storage and integration with other Google services, strong security
measures, and collaborative editing features.
• Microsoft OneDrive: Integrates well with Windows operating systems and Microsoft Office
applications, offers encryption, two-step verification, advanced sharing options, and seamless
collaboration features.
• Apple's iCloud: Securely stores files, photos, and backups across Apple devices, offers strong
encryption and two-factor authentication, and integrates seamlessly with Apple's ecosystem.
• Amazon S3: Scalable and secure cloud storage option for businesses, with high durability,
availability, and low latency.
When choosing a cloud storage and backup option, consider factors such as storage capacity,
pricing, ease of use, security features, collaboration options, and integration with other services
or devices. It's important to regularly back up your data and ensure that the chosen cloud storage
service meets your specific security and privacy requirements. Additionally, it's recommended to
encrypt sensitive files before uploading them to the cloud for an extra layer of protection.
 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 BENEFITS OF SMART SURVEILLANCE FOR HOME SECURITY
4.1 Enhanced protection against burglaries and intruders
Enhancing protection against burglaries and intruders involves implementing various security
measures to deter and prevent unauthorized access to your property. Here are some effective
strategies to enhance protection:
• Install an Alarm System: A professionally monitored alarm system with sensors, motion
detectors, and a control panel can deter burglaries.
• Utilize Security Cameras: High-resolution cameras with night vision capabilities and cloud
storage options can provide evidence in case of a break-in.
• Secure Doors and Windows: Install solid doors, security plates, deadbolt locks, and smart locks
to prevent unauthorized entry.
• Install Outdoor Lighting: Motion sensor lights and smart lighting solutions can deter potential
intruders.
• Secure Valuables: Keep valuable items in a secure safe or lockbox for added protection.
• Neighborhood Watch Programs: Collaborate with neighbors to deter criminal activity and
improve community safety.
• Home Automation and Remote Monitoring: Use smart home automation systems for remote
monitoring and control of security devices.
• Secure Perimeter: Maintain a well-maintained perimeter and use security signage to indicate
the presence of security systems.
• Adequate Visibility: Trim shrubs and trees near windows and entry points to enhance visibility.
• Security System Signage: Display signs or stickers indicating the presence of a security system
or surveillance cameras.
Remember, no security measure is foolproof, but implementing multiple layers of protection can
significantly enhance your home's security and deter potential burglars or intruders. It's important
to regularly assess and update your security measures to adapt to changing threats and
technologies.
4.2 Real-time monitoring and alerts for immediate response
Real-time monitoring and alerts are essential for immediate response to security threats or
emergencies. Here's how you can achieve this:
• Alarm System Monitoring: Professional monitoring services provide immediate alerts to the
monitoring center.
• Security Camera Integration: Real-time access to camera feeds allows remote property
monitoring and instant alerts.
• Motion Sensors and Intrusion Detection: Install motion sensors or intrusion detection devices to
trigger immediate alerts if unauthorized movement is detected.
• Mobile Apps and Push Notifications: Many security systems offer push notifications for real-
time home monitoring.
• Smart Home Integration: Integrate smart home systems with security devices for real-time
monitoring and alerts.
• 24/7 Monitoring Services: Subscribing to a dedicated security monitoring service can respond
to alarms, contact emergency services, and keep you informed of security incidents.
• Panic Buttons and Duress Codes: Install panic buttons or use duress codes for discreet alerts.
• Geofencing and Location-Based Alerts: Use geofencing technology to create virtual boundaries
around your property, triggering customized alerts or notifications.
Regularly test your monitoring system to ensure it's functioning correctly and receiving the
intended alerts. Inform trusted individuals about your monitoring system and emergency
protocols for assistance in case of an alert or emergency. Implementing real-time monitoring and
alerts can quickly respond to security threats and ensure home safety.
4.3 Remote access and control for convenience and peace of mind
Remote access and control of your security system offer convenience and peace of mind by
allowing you to monitor and manage your security devices from anywhere. Here's how you can
achieve this:
• Mobile Apps: Provide real-time access to security camera feeds, alarm system status, and
remote system control.
• Smart Home Integration: Allows control of security systems alongside other smart devices via a
centralized hub or mobile app.
• Remote Video Monitoring: Enables viewing of live camera feeds or recorded footage remotely.
• Remote Arming and Disarming: Allows for remote arming or disarming of alarm systems.
• Smart Locks and Access Control: Allows remote door locking or unlocking, visitor or service
provider access, and door notifications.
• Environmental Control: Integrates with environmental sensors for immediate action on
potential hazards.
• System Status and Notifications: Provides real-time system status updates and notifications.
• Geofencing and Automation: Automates security actions based on location.
Don't forget to use strong passwords, turn on two-factor authentication, and maintain the security
of your mobile devices to safeguard your remote access. Make sure you have the most recent
security updates by routinely updating the apps and firmware on your security system.
You can effortlessly manage and monitor the security of your house while you're away, giving
you peace of mind, by having remote access and control over your security system.
 CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATIONS
• AI and Machine Learning: AI-powered security systems can analyze patterns and improve
detection and response to anomalies.
• Internet of Things (IoT) Integration: The integration of various IoT devices into a centralized
security system can enhance overall home security.
• Voice Control and Virtual Assistants: Voice-controlled security systems and integration with
virtual assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant will become more prevalent.
• Facial Recognition and Biometrics: Advancements in facial recognition technology and
biometric authentication methods will enhance security and convenience.
• Cloud-Based Storage and Monitoring: Remote access to video footage and system data will
become more popular.
• Advanced Video Analytics: Features like object detection, abnormal behavior recognition, and
license plate recognition will enhance the effectiveness of video surveillance systems.
• Mobile Connectivity and Remote Management: Mobile apps will provide more intuitive
interfaces and advanced features for managing security systems remotely.
• Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Security system manufacturers must prioritize secure design,
encryption, and regular updates to address emerging threats.
• Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems: Integration with smart thermostats, lighting systems,
and voice assistants will be essential.
• Wearable Technology and Personal Safety: Wearable devices equipped with panic buttons, GPS
tracking, or health monitoring capabilities can enhance personal safety and emergency response.
Prioritizing data security, dependability, and usability in home security systems is crucial as
technology develops. In order to guarantee residents' safety and peace of mind in the future,
security measures must be updated and modified on a regular basis to handle emerging threats.
CONCLUSIONS
Smart surveillance home security systems are cutting edge devices that give homeowners remote
access, warnings, and real-time monitoring. To offer strong security measures, these systems
make use of facial recognition, cloud-based storage, IoT connectivity, and artificial intelligence.
Users can maintain peace of mind even when they are not at home by using voice commands,
virtual assistants, or mobile apps to operate their gadgets. Automation and smooth control of the
home environment are made possible by integration with other smart home devices and
ecosystems, which further improves security. There are also sophisticated features available,
such as object detection and recognition of unusual activity. But data privacy and cybersecurity
are essential. To safeguard user privacy and prevent attacks, manufacturers need to adopt
encryption, secure design principles, and frequent upgrades. Home security systems with smart
surveillance systems have a bright future.
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