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Lecture 5 Thin Lens 2024

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28 views

Lecture 5 Thin Lens 2024

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ggg bbb
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image Se=tSom, t26Sem, Rie Sem Rar- Sem ist serface 1 Gamssion -ferrmale tee tee ss? Ry t . - . art Peet > 3/245 om > Sit 6S m- 45 um = 20 tw, Rey tn amd Sunforn, nye use Maa Woe ty R EWS om 20 sx > si’ > 40 Cw, > S$’ 2S.) = ho Gu S23, 215 Mw, book, es20Lectures ($263 ) Pe (1.7) Thin lenses (our eye-glasses are thin lenses) How can we find the image formed by a thin lens? A thin lens can be regarded as being made of two spherical surfaces, for each of them, we have derived the image distance s” from the object distance. Let's go back to electric analog, — 9 thpet 1 r set leet 7 Avg2t ct put 2 LAL outpat Ax_| 4 Kupact Lets treat the two surfaces separately: the 1" one: Let’s do something easier: => a big lens ee | ns se For the 1" surface, we have the Gaussian formula mh Rt For the 2" surface, we also have the Gaussian formula (but now there is, achange inn!) I*'medium: n=n;; 2“ medium: n = ny 2 Hm (1.7.2) Se! Re ‘Now, we want to find a formula relating sp’ to s; (since there are the object and image for the lens, P; and O> are the middle men) We know sy’ + s2 =t (lens thickness) and ns = nj (all in air) so eq. (1.7.2) becomes 2, +2 tes, Re "=" now for the thin lens let t > 0 which gives —"£ (1.7.3) => combining (1.7.1) and (1.7.3) gives us =m 4 mame Ro s Thin Jens Gaussian formula A simple case ny = 1.5 (glass) ny =1 (air) R,= 10 om, Ry=- 10m In the case shown here, fo = (since the optical media on the sides of the lens are the same) In general, when n = I (air), the focal length fy = used by manufacturers to label the lens Please write down Ry and R; for the following lenses!! ) Ga ‘Thin lens Gaussian’s formula A simple ease: mom hs: (glass) a=1 (ait) Ri=l0em R= ~ 100m 11 ee And focal length f; — s>00 wy be (MEMY(1_ 2) CSE talc ar) In this case here, f, =f, same) In general when ny ~ I (at) the foval Iength {= ‘manufacturer to Inbel the lens (ince the optical medium on two sides of the lens are the f= f ofa thin lens is used by ye (Ie Som Ke— ob. distance ———___ periataland Surface S,=— (16S Om ~ 0,2 om) 2/648 =-s/’ ( Si#8. =t) * \ ie dhetan Write down R, and Ry for the following lenses, Isom po (2 0m ow Baene cow ouster convex Puawo.convex CONVERGING LENSES (ome fo we + OOUBLE CONCAVE PLNo.concave pean WES Fig ‘The sign convention is the same as those for a single spherical surface Example: find s! Solution for this lens Ry=7em Ros -8 om (why?) recmmaae Cn) HEE Alas 39-1487 em real image TE penereing Ha Ugh donc in a Foes © whet ae R, ond Ee z2oum low TE B= er 0 ovaLE CONCAVE es) Re. ust Seenfa a re Ras rnd surface the ght Wits, R>O in +e back, R conga lens (avers) Lets look at several examples: Focal length of the lenses in fig 1 nny =ait, ma= 1.5 (glass) 10cm 0, R= -10.em 10cm , R= -20.em Ray tracing (ray diagram) for thin lens (different from single surface) Several special ray 2.) positive lens ‘A ray: incident ray parallel to the optic axis of lens will be reftasted to the focal point (behind the lens) ee So Can be proven using the paraxial approximation, B ray: A light ray passing through the focal point (infront ofthe lens) will be refracted to become parallel tothe optic axis ater the lens. D ray: A light ray passing through the optical center will not deviate from the original path ‘Negative lens: For a negative lens, there are also three rays Ray diagram to determine the image position convex (positive lens) (Ray tracing can’t determine the image of a point object on the principal optic axis) From here, we can introduce the lateral magnification of an object by a lens Ih'|_ in the diagram (Fig, 2) ‘We can draw ray diagram for a concave (negative lens) fe-P ° il = , Example: positive lens f=200m s=30cm Gaussians lens eq, soon t #7 em 78 = Oem Magnification: M = ~£2= —2 (real image larger than the object reversed) Sign for convention for lens: (same as the single refraction surface) Remember the difference between a positive (convorging) lens and a negative (diverging) lens 5 is + ifthe object is in front of the lens is — if the objects in back ofthe lens sis -Fif the image isin back ofthe lens sis~ ifthe image i in front ofthe lens Ry and Rzare + i the center of curvature is in back ofthe lens Ry and R, are ifthe eenter of eurvature isin front ofthe lens | Rog teeing ond focal parwts. * light ray oviginate fom the ist fecal ° Point witl be poratiel te the prixetpen optical axis after Passing trough the leas * Incoming ight rays parall te Ha principal optical axis will be focused +o tea a) Positive lens Example: f= 10.em 15cm s=llem s'=110em a= 9om s b) Negative lens s=15 s'=-6 s=ll s=-lem s=-9om s=-10cem s° (1) Real and virtual images ape s>f f>s>0 2 M M =-10 M=04 M=0.476 M=1L1 M=10 real, inverted and larger than object virtual image magnified, erect s<0=> real image, smaller, erect Ray tracing virtual, small, erect real, larger, erect

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