Introduction to the

Internet of Things

Dr.S.Nagender Kumar
Associate Professor
School of Computer and Information Sciences
University of Hyderabad
Outline
• Why?
• What is Internet of Things
• How did this start
• Hardware
• Software
• Questions
Why?
• We want to receive more data
• We want to control stuff
• We want to automate
• We want to make things faster

Image from http://smartdatacollective.com/rick-delgado/285576/scary-security-concerns-internet-things

What is Internet of Things?
What is the Internet of Things
Cloud Storage

Information Cloud Processing

Wireless Processing
Instrumentation Communication Internet

Sensing Objects Network

Local storage

Local Processing

Sensors
 IoT Architectures
Conceptual framework as reference model of an IoT system proposed by
CISCO Oracle IEEE
• Collaboration and processes (involving
Level 7
people and business processes)

Level 6 • Application (reporting,analyis,control)

• Data abstraction (aggregation and

Level 5
access)

Level 4 • Data accumulation (storage)

• Edge/fog computing (data element

Level 3
analysis and transformation)

• Connectivity (communication and

Level 2
processing units)

• Physical devices and controllers (the

things in IoT )
Level 1
[sensors,machines,devices,intelligent
edge nodes of different types]

S. C. Mukhopadhyay, S. K. S. Tyagi, N. K. Suryadevara, V. Piuri, F. Scotti and S. Zeadally, "Artificial Intelligence-based Sensors for Next Generation IoT Applications: A
Review," in IEEE Sensors Journal, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3055618.
AICTE-ATAL FDP on Internet of Things, SCIS-UoH
Sensing

“If you can not measure it,

you can not improve it.”

Lord Kelvin,
1824-1907
Sensors
• Measure values
• Send raw data
• Low power
Local Processing and Local Storage
• Get data from sensors
• Process
• Send some data to

Edge/Fog Computing
Network and Internet
• IoT Gateway
• Gathers data from sensors
• Gateway Protocols
• 6LoPAN
• LoRaWAN
• BLE
• Internet Protocols
• CoAP
• MQTT
• HTTP
• XMPP
Cloud Processing and Storage
• Aggregate Data
• Storage
• Inferences
How did it start
Microcontroller
• Small programmable device
• Easy connectable
Arduino
• Small programmable device
• Easy connectable
• Is open source
• Has a simple to use software
Arduino Ethernet
• Small programmable device
• Easy connectable
• Is open source
• Has a simple to use software
• Only around 4 simultaneous
networking connections
Raspberry Pi
• Computer
• Runs Linux
• More software oriented
programming
• Full Networking System
Raspberry Pi and Arduino

Hardware Software and Networking system

 Arduino

Raspberry Pi™
Hardware
Intel® Galileo

Intel® Edison

Beaglebone Black

UDOO

Parallella
Good for sensors

ChipKIT

PIC

LaunchPad
MSP430
Arduino

ATmega328
Good for some sensors and processing
Particle

ARM
WiFi Internet

Espruino
STM32
ARM
ARM Cortex M0, Javascript
M3, M4
Good for processing and network

Intel® Galileo

400 MHz Quark x86

256 MB RAM

Intel® Edison
Raspberry Pi

900 MHz ARM, 1 GHz Dual Core Atom x86

1 GB RAM 1 GB RAM
WiFi
Compute Module BLE
4 GB Flash
Good for processing and network

UDOO Neo

i.MX 6 Solo ARM, GPU

ARM M4
512 MB or 1 GB RAM

Beaglebone Black Parallella

1 GHz ARM, GPU 1 GHz Dual Core Zynq ARM

512 MB RAM 16 or 64 Epiphany CPUs
4 GB Flash
 Prototyping
Software

Professional Programming

Data Storage and Analysis

Solutions Builders
Prototyping

Arduino Wyliodrin STUDIO

Professional Programming

Eclipse VIM
Professional Programming

MBED (online) Intel® XDK

Data Acquisition and Analysis

Xively Microsoft Azure

Questions?

AICTE-ATAL FDP on Internet of Things, SCIS-UoH

 References

Credit: Alexandru Radovici and his team members

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