Course Title: Microprocessor & Computer Organization

Course No. : ICT. Ed. 436 Nature of course: Theoretical + Practical

Level: B.Ed. Credit Hour: 3 hours (2T+1P)
Semester: Third Teaching Hour: 80hours (32+48)

1. Course Description
This course is an introduction to microprocessor & computer organization. It covers topics in 8086
microprocessors and the physical design of the computer (i.e. computer organization). This course
discusses the basic structure of a digital computer, microprocessor and deals with the detail study of
the 8086 microprocessor programming and organization of the Control unit, the Arithmetic and
Logical unit, the Memory unit and the I/O unit.

2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are as follows:
 To provide the students with the knowledge of microprocessor and assembly language
programming
 To provide the organization and designing concept of computer system including processor,
computer arithmetic, memory organization and I/O organization.
 To discuss in detail, the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms &
implementation of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication & division.
 To study the cache memories and virtual memory.
 To study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O interfaces

3. Course Outlines:

Specific Objectives Contents

 Explain the block diagram of a Unit 1: Introduction (8)
computer, history of 1.1 Introduction and History of Microprocessors
microprocessors and 1.2 Basic Block Diagram of a Computer
organization of microprocessor 1.3 Organization of Microprocessor Based System
based system. 1.4 Bus Organization
 Understand bus organization, 1.5 Stored program Concept and Von Neumann Machine
Von Neumann architecture and 1.6 Processing Cycle of a Stored Program Computer
stored program concept. 1.7 SSI, MSI, LSI circuits
 Explain basic of SSI, MSI, LSI 1.8 VLSI Technology
and VLSI circuits 1.9 Introduction to Register Transfer Language

 Explain the Internal Unit 2: Programming with 8086 Microprocessor (24)

Architecture and Features of 2.1 Internal Architecture and Features of 8086 Microprocessor
8086 Microprocessor 2.1.1 BIU and Components
 Discuss different Addressing 2.1.2 EU and Components
Modes of 8086 with examples 2.1.3 EU and BIU Operations
 Differentiate between High 2.1.4 Segment and Offset Address
Level versus Low Level 2.2 Addressing Modes of 8086
Programming 2.3 Assembly Language Programming
 Learn different Assembly 2.4 High Level versus Low Level Programming
Language Syntax, EXE and 2.5 Assembly Language Syntax
COM programs. 2.5.1 Comments
 Understand how to assemble, 2.5.2 Reserved words
link and execute assembly 2.5.3 Identifiers
language program 2.5.4 Statements
2.5.5 Directives
  Create different 8086 2.5.6 Operators
programs and execute them. 2.5.7 Instructions
 Explain Pin Configuration of 2.6 EXE and COM programs
8086 and the Bus Structure 2.7 Assembling, Linking and Executing
along with the Read and Write 2.8 One Pass and Two Pass Assemblers
Bus Timing of 8086 2.9 Keyboard and Video Services
Microprocessors. 2.10 Various Programs in 8086
2.10.1 Simple Programs for Arithmetic, Logical, String
Input/Output
2.10.2 Conditions and Loops
2.10.3 Array and String Processing
2.10.4 Read and Display ASCII and Decimal Numbers
2.10.5 Displaying Numbers in Binary and Hexadecimal
Formats.
2.11 Pin Configuration of 8086 Microprocessors
2.12 Bus Structure
2.12.1 Synchronous Bus
2.12.2 Asynchronous Bus
2.12.3 Read and Write Bus Timing of 8086
Microprocessors
Practical Works:
 Install the compiler for 8086 assembly language (MASM)
 Learn how to assemble, link and execute the simple 8086
program.
 Write a simple program to understand and learn the
arithmetic, logical, String, Input/Output operations.
 Write a simple program to understand and learn conditions
and looping instructions in 8086 microprocessors.
 Write a simple program to understand and learn Array and
String Processing
 Write a simple program to Read and Display ASCII and
Decimal Numbers
 Write a simple program to display numbers in Binary and
Hexadecimal Formats.
 Explain CPU Structure and Unit 3: Central Processing unit (10)
Function, Arithmetic and Logic 3.1 CPU Structure and Function
unit, instruction sets, addressing 3.2 Arithmetic and logic Unit
modes and formats. 3.3 Stack
 Understand processor and 3.4 Processor organization
register organization, addressing 3.5 Register organization
modes, data transfer and 3.6 Instruction formats
manipulation 3.7 Addressing modes
 Differentiate between RISC and 3.8 Data transfer and manipulation
CISC 3.9 RISC and CISC
 Describe 64-bit Processor 3.10 64-Bit Processor

 Describe Control Memory, Unit 4: Control Unit (10)

Addressing Sequencing and 4.1 Control Memory
Computer Configuration 4.2 Addressing sequencing
 Understand Microinstructions 4.3 Computer configuration
format, symbolic 4.4 Microinstruction Format
Microinstructions, Symbolic 4.5 Symbolic Microinstructions
Micro Program. 4.6 Symbolic Micro program
 Explain design and operation of 4.7 Control Unit Operation
the control unit. 4.8 Design of control unit

 Explain addition, subtraction, Unit 5: Computer Arithmetic (8)

multiplication and division 5.1 Addition Algorithm
algorithms. 5.2 Subtraction Algorithm
 Elaborate different logical 5.3 Multiplication Algorithm
operations 5.4 Division Algorithm
5.5 Logical Operations.
Practical Works:
 Write a program to demonstrate the Addition of two unsigned
integers binary number
 Write a program to demonstrate multiplication of two
unsigned integer binary numbers by Partial-Product method
 Write a program to demonstrate the Subtraction of two
unsigned integers binary number
 Write a program to demonstrate the Division using restoring
 Write a program to demonstrate the Division using non-
restoring methods
 Explain the peripheral devices, Unit 6: Input/Output Organizations (8)
I/O modules and interface 6.1 Peripheral devices
 Elaborate programmed I/O, 6.2 I/O modules
Interrupt driven I/O direct 6.3 Input‐output interface
memory access and data 6.4 Modes of transfer
communication processors. 6.5 Programmed I/O
6.6 Interrupt‐driven I/O
6.7 Direct Memory access
6.8 Data Communication processor

 Explain the organization of Unit 7: Memory Organizations (6)

main, auxiliary, associative, 7.1 Microcomputer Memory
virtual and cache memory. 7.2 Characteristics of memory systems
 Elaborate on cache memory 7.3 The Memory Hierarchy
driving forces and cache design 7.4 Internal and External memory
issues including placement, 7.5 Cache memory principles
fetch, replacement and update 7.6 Elements of Cache design
policies 7.6.1 Cache size
7.6.2 Mapping function
7.6.3 Replacement algorithm
7.6.4 Write policy
7.6.5 Number of caches
Practical Works:
Simulate a direct mapping cache.

 Create an application using Unit 8: Project (6)

Assembly Language Program. 8.1 The student should develop a simple application using 8086
 Develop a project on Computer Assembly Language Program.
Architecture 8.2 The student should develop a project on computer Architecture.
The topic could be either initiated by the student or selected
from a list provided by the instructor. An oral presentation with
a demonstration should be part of the laboratory project report
4. Instructional Techniques
The instructional techniques for this course are divided into two groups. First group consists of
general instructional techniques applicable to most of the units. The second group consists of specific
instructional techniques applicable to particular units.

4.1 General Techniques

Reading materials will be provided to students in each unit. Lecture, Discussion, use of multi-media
projector, brain storming are used in all units.

4.2 Specific Instructional Techniques

Demonstration is an essential instructional technique for all units in this course during teaching learning
process. Specifically, demonstration with practical works will be specific instructional technique in this
course. The details of suggested instructional techniques are presented below:

Unit 1, 3, 4 and 6

 Lecture

 Discussion

Unit 2, 5, 7 and 8

 Lecture

 Discussion

 Practical

5. Evaluation :

Internal External Semester Total Marks

Assessment Practical Examination
Exam/Viva

40 Points 20 Points 40 Points 100 Points

Note: Students must pass separately in internal assessment, external practical exam and semester
examination.
5.1 Internal Evaluation (40 Points):
Internal evaluation will be conducted by subject teacher based on following criteria:
1) Class Attendance 5 points
2) Learning activities and class performance 5 points
3) First assignment ( written assignment) 10 points
4) Second assignment (Case Study/project work with presentation ) 10 points
5) Terminal Examination 10 Points

Total 40 points

5.2 Semester Examination (40 Points)

 Examination Division, Dean office will conduct final examination at the end of semester.
1) Objective question (Multiple choice 10 questions x 1mark) 10 Points
2) Subjective answer questions (6 questions x 5 marks) 30 Points

Total 40 points

5.3 External Practical Exam/Viva (20 Points):

Examination Division, Dean Office will conduct final practical examination at the end of
semester.

5. Recommended books and References materials (including relevant published articles in

national and international journals)

Recommended books:
1. Peter Abel, “IBM PC Assembly Language and Programming”, 5th Edition 2001, Pearson

Education Inc.

2. W. Stalling, Computer Organization and Architecture 17 edition, Prentice-Hall India Limited,

New Delhi.

References materials:

1. Walter A. Triebel and Avtar Singh, “The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors, Programming,

Interfacing, Software, Hardware and Applications”, 4th Edition 2003, Prentice Hall

2. A.J Vande Goor, Computer Architecture and Design, Addison Wesley; Wokingham, UK, 1989

3. A.S Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Prentice Hall India Limited, new Delhi.

4. M.Morris Mano: Computer System Architecture, Latest Edition.

5. John P. Hayes: Computer Architecture and Organization, Latest Edition.