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Ev To Evse Communication

The document discusses electric vehicle to electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) communication. It explains that the Combined Charging System (CCS) allows electric vehicles to charge using a single connector for both AC and DC fast charging. The CCS uses pulse width modulation communication over the Control Pilot contact to negotiate charging limits between the EV and EVSE. It then provides details on the CCS connector pins and charging communication process, where the EVSE and EV exchange control signals and current availability information before and during charging using the Control Pilot contact.

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116 views4 pages

Ev To Evse Communication

The document discusses electric vehicle to electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) communication. It explains that the Combined Charging System (CCS) allows electric vehicles to charge using a single connector for both AC and DC fast charging. The CCS uses pulse width modulation communication over the Control Pilot contact to negotiate charging limits between the EV and EVSE. It then provides details on the CCS connector pins and charging communication process, where the EVSE and EV exchange control signals and current availability information before and during charging using the Control Pilot contact.

Uploaded by

naveen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EV TO EVSE COMMUNICATION

EV TO EVSE COMMUNICATION INTRODUCTION:

In this article, we will talk about the charging communication of electric vehicles and learn
how an electric car exchanges information when it is connected to a charger. In full electric
(EV) or hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles the off/on-board communication is a crucial issue,
that can take advantage from a reliable and robust interaction among the embedded units
(ECUs) providing among others the power and batteries management, services, accessories
and supervision; an updated global view of the system under control (the car) can improve
the quality of control, reliability, safety and comfort. CCS charging sockets combine the
inlets for both AC and DC using shared communications pins. By doing so, the charging
socket for CCS equipped cars is smaller than the equivalent space needed for a CHAdeMO or
GB/T DC socket plus an AC socket.so lets drive in to some deeper facts about ccs protocol.
CCS2 CHARGING PROTOCOL OVERVIEW:
The Combined Charging System is a universal charging system for electric which integrates
all established AC charging solutions with ultra-fast DC charging in a single system. Only
one charging interface will be required at the vehicle for single-phase AC charging, fast
three-phase AC charging as well as ultra-fast DC charging at home or public stations.
The Combined Charging System enhances today´s regional solutions towards one global
integrated system. As we all know Electric is future the Combined Charging System
represents the future of fast charging and maximizes the integration of electric vehicles
into future smart grids. The Combined Charging System is an open international standardized
system and mainly driven by Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche
and Volkswagen.
In India TATA Tigor, NEXON, Hyundai Kona, MG eZS, and Audi e-tron have adopted the
Combined Charging System for EV in gearing up with the fast-charging technology.
CCS CONNECTORS AND POWER RATING:
In order to know what is CCS2 and CCS1, we should know the Combined Charging System
(CCS) first.The Combined Charging System (CCS) covers charging electric vehicles using
the Combo 1 and Combo 2 connectors at up to 80 or 350 kilowatts.We at E-fill Electric
provides 15kw, 30kw and 60kw DC fast chargers and will also planned for 120 kw DC fast
chargers. For both Type 1 and Type 2 this has been accomplished by extending the inlet with
two additional DC contacts below the existing AC and communication contacts. The
resulting new configurations are commonly known as Combo 1 and Combo 2. For the DC
vehicle connector ,the implementation varies slightly between Combo 1 and Combo 2. In
case of Combo 1 the connector is extended by two DC contacts, while the Type 1 portion of
the connector remains the same with the AC contacts (L1 & N) being unused .For Combo 2
the AC contacts (L1, L2, L3 & N) are completely removed from the connector. Consequently
the Type 2 portion of the connector has only three contacts remaining, of which two are
communication contacts and one is protective earth.
PIN DISCRIPTION:
Control Pilot CP.
The CP is used for communication
(exchange of control signals) between
the EVSE and the EV. Using
PWMcommunication between the CP
and PE line, the amplitude can be
manipulated by the EV to control
charging.

Proximity Pin PP.


The PP can prevent movement while the
EV is connected to the EVSE. The
electric vehicle can only drive away
when the charging plug is unplugged. In
the Type-2 connector the PP is used for
a detection of the charging cable load
capacity. Both the charging station and
the electric car can use the PP contact to
see how much the connected charging
cable may be loaded. In the Type-1
connector this pin is used for manually
unlocking the plug.
Protective Earth PE.
The PE is a line that is earth grounded
on the EVSE side. It is a way to deliver
current to the earth in order to prevent
electric shocks and it is used as
reference pin for CP and PP.
PWM communication.
Pulse width modulation (PWM)
provides a way of controlling certain
analog quantities, by varying the pulse
width of a fixed frequency rectangular
waveform.
Duty cycle is the amount of time a
digital signal is in the “active” state
relative to the period of the signal
CHARGING COMMUNICATION PROCESS:
Basic signalling (BS) is done using a PWM signal which is transferred over the control pilot
contact (CP) according to IEC 61851-1. This communication is used for safety-related
functions, indicating for example if the connector is plugged in, before contacts are made live
(or energized), and if both charging station and electric vehicle are ready for charging. DC
charging is possible using the PWM signal only. In this case the charging station uses the
duty cycle of the PWM to inform the onboard charger of the maximum available current at
the charging station.
As long as no electric car is plugged in, DC + 12 V are simply applied to CP. If an electric
car is plugged in, a diode and a specific resistor between CP and PE in the type 2 socket of
the vehicle pull the + 12 V down to + 9 V. The charging station uses this to recognize that a
vehicle is connected.
Now it locks the connector and activates the 1 kHz PWM signal and uses it to signal the car
with what maximum charging current it is allowed to charge. Due to the diode and the
resistor, the signal from the charging station now fluctuates between + 9 V and - 12 V. After
the electric car knows from the charging station what kind of current it has available, it
checks the coding of the cable using the PP contact. If this is successful and the electric car is
ready for the charging process, it informs the EV charging station about this by connecting a
further resistors of specific value.
Only now does the charging station apply the charging voltage to the plug, you can hear the
contactor with a “clack” in the charging station. Shortly afterwards you hear two contactors
in the electric vehicle “clack clack”, now the charging process begins.
The PWM signal is maintained during the entire charging process. Should the available
power change, the signal will also change. The car must then follow the signal, or better said
it must never draw more current than the charging station allows it to. Of course, less is
always allowed. Things like load management and PV-led charging work via this PWM
signal.
When the charging process is finished, the electric car deactivates the resistor again. As a
result, the PWM signal goes back up to + 9 V and the charging station takes the voltage from
the plug again. The contactors (vehicle and charging station) now “clack” in reverse order to
the previous start of charging.
The CP pin is deliberately shorter than all other pins. The reason for this is that it is the first
pin that is disconnected if the connection between the plug and socket is disconnected during
the charging process. If this is the case, the continuous PWM signal is missing and the
charging process is interrupted immediately. This ensures that the plug is never live (apart
from the harmless control voltage) when it is not plugged in.
E-Fill aims on tying the entire electric car ecosystem together. In addition to manufacturing
FAME-2 authorised electric 3Ws, we also supply infrastructure for charging electric vehicles.
Our goal is to make India's shift to electric tech-driven ecosystem approach is needed to drive
EV adoption on a large scale.

REFERENCES\
1. “Implementation of Dynamic Charging and V2G using Chademo and CCS/Combo
DC charging standard” Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli1, Johan Kaptein2, Pavol
Bauer1, Miro Zeman1 1Dept. of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of
Technology, Netherlands 2 ABB B.V. EV Charging Infrastructure, Netherlands
2. “Powerline Communication in Electric Vehicles” Ezio Bassi, Francesco Benzi, Tullio
Facchinetti University of Pavia, Italy Luis Almeida Engineering Faculty University of
Porto , Portugal Thomas Nolte Mälardålen University, Sweden
3. https://www.smart-emotion.de/
4. https://www.bacancytechnology.com/
5. https://www.mobiliseyourcity.net/
6. https://www.vector.com/

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