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11 Experiment 3

This document describes an experiment to determine the melting point of a solid substance. The key steps are: 1) Powder the substance and fill a sealed capillary tube with some of the powder. 2) Attach the capillary tube to a thermometer and heat the system slowly while stirring to maintain a uniform temperature. 3) Record the temperatures at which the substance begins melting and finishes melting. The average of these two temperatures is the melting point. Determining melting point is a method to check purity, as pure substances melt at a definite temperature while impure substances melt over a range.

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318 views

11 Experiment 3

This document describes an experiment to determine the melting point of a solid substance. The key steps are: 1) Powder the substance and fill a sealed capillary tube with some of the powder. 2) Attach the capillary tube to a thermometer and heat the system slowly while stirring to maintain a uniform temperature. 3) Record the temperatures at which the substance begins melting and finishes melting. The average of these two temperatures is the melting point. Determining melting point is a method to check purity, as pure substances melt at a definite temperature while impure substances melt over a range.

Uploaded by

akshat.sh2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 3 Date- 2 June 20

To determine the melting point of the given solid substance.

Requirements

100 ml beaker, thermometer,

clamp stand, tripod stand,

stirrer, thin-walled capillary,

spatula.
Theory
 The melting point of a substance may be defined as the
temperature at which the substance changes from the solid
state to the liquid state.
 A pure substance melts at a definite temperature and has
a sharp melting point while an impure substance has a lower
melting point and melts over a wide range.
 Therefore, determination of melting point is a very convenient
method to check the purity of a solid substance.

Procedure
1. Powder the crystalline substance using pestle mortar.

2. Take a capillary tube and seal its one end by heating (Fig. 3.1).

3. For filling the substance make a heap of the powdered substance


on the porous plate.

4. Push the open end of the capillary tube into the heap. Some
substance will enter into it.

5. Now tap the sealed end of the capillary tube on the porous plate
gently. Fill the capillary tube up to 2-3 mm.
6. Attach the capillary tube to a thermometer which is immersed in a
bath of water.

7. The surface tension of the bath liquid is sufficient to hold the


capillary tube in position.

8. Heat the beaker slowly and go on stirring the liquid in the beaker
so that the temperature remains uniform throughout.

9. For this, a glass loop stirrer is moved up and down.

10. The temperature is noted when the substance starts melting.

11. Repeat the steps again. The temperature is noted again when it is
completely melted.

12. The average of the two readings gives the melting point of the
substance.

Observations
Temperature at which the unknown substance begins to melt = t1°C
Temperature at which the substance completely melts = t2°C
Melting point of the unknown substance = °C
Table: Melting Points of Some Organic Compounds

Precautions
1. Use dry and powdered sample for the determination of melting
point.
2. Keep the lower end of the capillary tube and the thermometer at
the same level.
3. Packing of the powder should be uniform without any big air gaps
in between the solid particles.
4. Heating should be gradual and the bath should be stirred regularly
to maintain uniform temperature.
5. The bulb of the thermometer and the capillary sticking to it should
not touch the side or the bottom of the beaker.
6. Do not use rubber band for attaching the capillary tube to the
thermometer.

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