Communication is a process of exchanging information and receiver, sender and receiver (e.g.

news report,
from a person to another using different tools or modes travel vlog, books, etc.)
(Brantley & Miller, 2008).

Effective communication is important in order to

Principles and Ethics of Communication Lesson 2
achieve someone’s goals or purposes.
COMMUNICATION
 Sender – The one who decides to send message.
 the heart of Professional, Personal and Social
He/She then develops (encodes) the message
Life. Different social situations
for it to be delivered effectively.
(gatherings/meetings/applying for a job, etc.)
 Message – the information you want to convey
 Channel – The medium/tool used to deliver the COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE (oral and written) is
message (face-to-face, emails/text messaging, needed
phone conversation, etc.).
*This requires us to be knowledgeable with the
 The channel used could influence the success of
principles of effective communication to become
communication
dynamic and credible speakers in all situations.
 Receiver – The receiver hears or reads the
Principles of Communication
message, and may reject or accept the message
depending upon how he/she and interprets • The 6 qualities (C’s) help the speaker and receiver
(decodes) the message achieve mutual understanding.
 Feedback – The response after receiving the
1. CLARITY - use appropriate vocabulary and vary the
message
structure and length of sentences when delivering a
 BARRIERS – distractions during the
message.
communication process
2. CONCISENESS - cut out unnecessary and insufficient
1. Intrapersonal Communication: communicating with
information to retain the importance of the message
oneself (internal dialogue; thoughts, feelings, reactions;
Principles of Communication
acts of imagination and visualization, and even recall
and memory, decision-making (McLean, 2005). 3. COURTESY - respect someone’s interests, principles,
and values in order to be credible enough to speak
2. Interpersonal/Dyadic Communication: face-to-face
about the topic at hand 4. Concreteness – use specific
verbal communication between two people involving
words and give illustrations and examples in order to
their mutual ideas, thought, behavior, ideas, thought,
deliver the exact message Principles of Communication
interests, and preferences.
5. CORRECTNESS – being accurate with the use of
3. Group Communication: This type of communication
grammar, spelling, punctuations, capitalization, etc,
consists of a small collection of people who interact
improves the quality of the message.
with each other, usually face to face, with a common
goal (e.g., meeting with your team, faculty meeting, a 6. COMPLETENESS – a message that is complete will be
discussion with your group for a particular project given prompt/immediate response from the receiver.
planning for an outing, etc.)
Ethics of Communication
4. Public Communication: It is a one-to-many form of
communication. Example would be a speaker delivering  Ethics are a set of moral principles one has to
a speech to a large number of audiences, like follow.
graduation speech, seminars, etc.) Principles - concepts
5. Mass Communication: a process whereby media Ethics – actions
organizations produce and transmit messages to large,
widespread audiences with the use of technology. Communication ethics (Lipari, 2017) concerns "the
There is no personal interaction between the sender creation and evaluation of goodness in all aspects and
manifestations of communicative interaction.
10 Principles of Ethical Communication by Mandelbaum 8. Do not interrupt others – again, proactive listening is
(2019) always important. If one listens attentively and would
not interfere while someone is talking, he would be able
1. Be truthful and honest
to understand the whole context. Ethics of
2. Active listening Communication

3. Speak Non-judgmentally 9. Respect privacy and confidentiality - communicators

must be aware of any information that should be kept
4. Speak from your own experience confidential. Doing so would make one credible as well.
5. Consider the receiver’s preferred communication 10. Accept responsibility – be responsible for whatever
channel you share to someone or to the public. That is why,
6. Strive to understand including pieces of evidence while sharing information is
a must.
7. Avoid negative tone

8. Do not interrupt others

An informative text is meant to inform the reader
9. Respect privacy and confidentiality about a specific topic or issue. An instructional manual
10. Accept responsibility about making a table or a book that tells the story of
what happened in World War II are examples of
Ethics of Communication informative texts.
1. Be truthful and honest – One must speak only about According to Mometrix Test Preparation
the truth. If the speaker claims honesty with what (2021), it is typically found in nonfiction sources like
he/she speaks, it must be true as well to the listeners. science and history books, newspapers and other
periodicals, autobiographies, and instructional manuals.
2. Active listening – listening proactively to the speaker
It also contains a number of features and aids which
and may ask or clarify some points Ethics of
make this type of writing easier to identify – graphics,
Communication
illustrations, written cues, and organizational structures.
3. Speak Non-judgmentally – Respecting someone’s
1. Graphics provide information in a simplistic way by
reaction/principles avoids conflict; open- mindedness is
showcasing diagrams, tables, or charts with explanatory
important to n achieve meaningful conversation.
texts.
4. Speak from your own experience – sharing
2. Illustrations can focus on a specific part of a graphic,
experiences to your listeners makes them get interested
like a map of a particular country, for example, and give
with the topic Ethics of Communication
readers more information needed.
5. Consider the receiver’s preferred communication
3. Written cues like bold fonts and italic labels create
channel – the speaker must use appropriate medium
emphasis and help readers find important information.
when transmitting a message. Other sources of
information should also be used as an aid for effective 4. Organizational structures like bullets, headings,
communication. labels, and subheadings also supply necessary
information, aside from organizing content structure.
6. Strive to understand – (is connected to active
listening) comprehension of the message given is Presentations that are informative primarily focus on
important before \ giving a reaction Ethics of getting the target audience to understand a topic,
Communication technique, or issue clearly. The idea of informative
speeches is not to motivate the audience to think of
7. Avoid negative tone - neutral tone and polite words
new ideas and change their ways, but instead to inform
would lead to effective and communication
them of what they have to know on a certain topic or
issue. Informing the people, however, should not be
taken as a simplistic process, for lack of information can
be viable and, therefore, can be a challenge in itself. •
There are different functions in delivering an
informative speech, and an individual may utilize one or
more of them to make their audience understand better
(Saylor Academy, 2012). The most common functions
are the following:

1. To Share. The primary goal of basic communication is

to share meaning, as well as process understanding. A
speech that aims to inform should have the aspect of
sharing data and content to the audience. Sharing
information that you have about a topic can reduce
ignorance and increase understanding with other
people.

2. To Increase Understanding. One should take into

account how the audience can grasp the information
presented. One should carefully think of key terms and
ideas to use when delivering a speech, for they might
already know something about the topic. One can also
use visual aids to illustrate ideas like charts, graphs, and
video clips to effectively communicate the content of
the topic and maintain audience interest.

3. To Change Perceptions. All of us want to share our

experiences with the world, for there might be people
facing the same challenges that we do. When
presenting an informative speech, one can change the
perception of an audience about the topic shared.
Common perceptions from the audience can be
influenced and changed by providing adequate and
necessary information. Garbage Collectors – Sanitation Engineers
4. To Gain Skills. A speech to inform can make one gain Insane – reality challenged
new skills by informing the audience through a step-by-
step process of making something. This function intends Criminal – person of Interest
to increase the understanding of the audience about
the subject to create the perfect product.

What is Political Correctness?

• Refers to language that avoids offending

persons of various genders, races, sexual
orientations, cultures, or social conditions.

• Its purpose is to eliminate verbal discrimination.

• Political correctness can help avoid conflicts or

discriminations and will lead people to be
mindful or careful in the way they
communicate.