JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

MTEC- WORKSHOP THEORY AND

PRACTICE
 What is a hazard?

• A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is

associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in
an injury or illness.
 What is a job hazard analysis?

• A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to

identify hazards before they occur.
• It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and
the work environment. Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you
will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.
 Why is job hazard analysis important?

• Safety and health can add value to your business, your job, and your life. You
can help prevent workplace injuries and illnesses by looking at your
workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures, and ensuring that
all employees are trained properly.
 What is the value of a job hazard analysis?

• Supervisors can use the findings of a job hazard analysis to eliminate and
prevent hazards in their workplaces. This is likely to result in fewer worker
injuries and illnesses; safer, more effective work methods; reduced workers’
compensation costs; and increased worker productivity.
• The analysis also can be a valuable tool for training new employees in the
steps required to perform their jobs safely.
 What is the value of a job hazard analysis?

• For a job hazard analysis to be effective, management must demonstrate its

commitment to safety and health and follow through to correct any
uncontrolled hazards identified.
• Otherwise, management will lose credibility and employees may hesitate to
go to management when dangerous conditions threaten them.
 What jobs are appropriate for a job hazard
analysis?
• A job hazard analysis can be conducted on many jobs in your workplace.
Priority should go to the following types of jobs:
• Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates;
• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness, even if there is no
history of previous accidents;
• Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or injury;
• Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in processes and
procedures; and
• Jobs complex enough to require written instructions.
 Where do I begin?

• Involve your employees

• Review your accident history
• Conduct a preliminary job review.
• List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs
• Outline the steps or tasks
 How do I identify workplace hazards?
• A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover
the following:
• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences?
• How could it arise?
• What are other contributing factors?
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
• To make your job hazard analysis useful, document the answers to these
questions in a consistent manner. Describing a hazard in this way helps to
ensure that your efforts to eliminate the hazard and implement hazard
controls help target the most important contributors to the hazard.
• Good hazard scenarios describe:
• Where it is happening (environment),
• Who or what it is happening to (exposure),
• What precipitates the hazard (trigger),
• The outcome that would occur should it happen (consequence), and
• Any other contributing factors.
 Here is an example of a hazard scenario:

• In the metal shop (environment), while clearing a snag (trigger), a worker’s

hand (exposure) comes into contact with a rotating pulley. It pulls his hand
into the machine and severs his fingers (consequences) quickly
 To perform a job hazard analysis, you would
ask:
• What can go wrong? The worker’s hand could come into contact with a rotating object that “catches” it and
pulls it into the machine.
• What are the consequences? The worker could receive a severe injury and lose fingers and hands.
• How could it happen? The accident could happen as a result of the worker trying to clear a snag during
operations or as part of a maintenance activity while the pulley is operating. Obviously, this hazard scenario
could not occur if the pulley is not rotating.
• What are other contributing factors? This hazard occurs very quickly. It does not give the worker much
opportunity to recover or prevent it once his hand comes into contact with the pulley. This is an important
factor, because it helps you determine the severity and likelihood of an accident when selecting appropriate
hazard controls. Unfortunately, experience has shown that training is not very effective in hazard control
when triggering events happen quickly because humans can react only so quickly
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur? This determination requires some
judgment. If there have been “near-misses” or actual cases, then the
likelihood of a recurrence would be considered high. If the pulley is exposed
and easily accessible, that also is a consideration. In the example, the
likelihood that the hazard will occur is high because there is no guard
preventing contact, and the operation is performed while the machine is
running. By following the steps in this example, you can organize your
hazard analysis activities.
 Grinding Iron Castings: Job Steps
• Step 1. Reach into metal
box to right of machine,
grasp casting, and carry to
wheel.
• Step 2. Push casting
against wheel to grind off
burr.
• Step 3. Place finished
casting in box to left of
machine.
 TASK ASSIGNMENT

• IN A CLEAN BOND PAPER (A4 SIZE). PERFORM A JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

IN YOUR OWN HOME. BY FOLLOWING THE SAME FORMAT AS TO THE
SAMPLE JHA FORM, CREATE AT LEAST 5 HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITY
OBSERVATIONS, THIS WILL BE YOUR FIRST LAB EXERCISE.