CW10 111 INCLUDED IN 112 MOD 1 EXAM

Determine the Coding Efficiency required for the following dynamic ranges: b)40dB. Use 2
decimal places
95.75
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following: a) Minimum sampling rate (in Hz)
9000
For a resolution of 0.02V, determine the voltage (in V) and the for the following 6-bit sign-
magnitude PCM codes: b)011100. Do not include the unit in final answer.
-0.56
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following: b)minimum number of bits used in the PCM code. Use 2 decimal
places
9.97
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following d) actual dynamic range in dB as a result of using the actual number of
bits solved in the previous question. Use 2 decimal places. do not include unit in the final answer.
60.20
Determine the dynamic range in dB for the following linear sign-magnitude PCM code: b)12
bits
66.22
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following e) resolution (in mV) from the actual dynamic range solved in the
previous question. Use 2 decimal places. Do not include the unit in the final answer
4.89
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following c) actual number of bits used in the PCM code (excluding the sign)
10
Module 1 Exam 112
< Which of the following is not true about PCM codes?

Linear PCM codes are also called folded binary codes

With linear coding accuracy is the same for the high and low
With linear coding resolution is unknown
With Linear Coding, SQR is sacrificed for high amplitude signal

< When the maximum voltage magnitude in quantization is 3.75V and the resolution
is…...chuchu...
a. 7.5
b. 60
c. 15
d. 30
e.
< Which of the following is not true about Digital Transmission….
a. It requires physical facility between a transmitter and a receiver
b. The original information may analog or digital in form
c. It uses radio wave propagation
d. None of the choices

< With this pulse modulation technique, the pulses are of fixed length and fixed amplitude. It
uses a binary system where a pulse or lack of pulse within a prescribed time slot represents either
logic 1 or a logic 0 condition.
PAM
a. PWM
b. PPM
c. PCM

< Which of the following is not true about sample and hold circuit?
a. A sample and hold circuit is a non-linear device with two inputs…..
b. It is used to produce a PAM signal
c. Uses flat-top sampling
d. The capacitor serves as the switch

< What is not a possible solutions to improve performance …..of PCM?

a. Use of linear PCM codes
b. Use of non-linear PCM codes try
c. Use of companded systems <<<<answer, not sure kung tama
d. Increase number of PCM bits
e.

< Which of the following is true about quantization?

 a. Actual quantization error is the same all throughout the process
b. The signal to noise ratio is the same all throughout the quantization process
c. The smaller the resolution the less quantization error is introduced
d. All of the above

< In all the codes possible in segment 3, how many codes can be decoded exactly at the

receiver?

A. 16

B. 64

C. 32

1024

< Which of the following statement is true about digital transmission

Digital signals are inherently less susceptible than analog signsls to interference

With digital signals, it is not necessary to evaluate the precise amplitude frequency

Digital transmission system are more resistant to analog systems to additive noise signal amplification

All of the above

< In order to reduce quantizing noise on must

Increase the dynamic range

Increase the number of PCM bits

Increase the number of standard amplitudes

All of the choices

< Which of the following is true about sample and hold circuit?

A. A sample and hold circuit is a non-linear device with two inputs and consequently,

heterodyning occurs between these two signals

B. The capacitor is the hold circuit try?

C. It introduces aperture error as a result of mixing two signals

D. All of the choices

< Which of the following is not true about sample and hold circuit

A sample and hold circuit is a non linear device which two inputs

Is a used to produce a PAM signal

Uses flat op sampling

The capacitor serves as the switch

< With this pulse modulation technique ~ within prescribed time slot

PAM

PWM

PPM

PCM

< Which of the following is not true about PCM?

A. Higher dynamic range will result if resolution isincreased

B. Increasing n, will increase the dynamic range

C. Increasing n will increase SQR

D. None of the above

< Compute for the 3rd order harmonic lower sideband frequency (in KHz) of a sample and hold circuit
with a maximum analog input of 4KHz and a sampling rate equal to 12KHz.

Ans: 32kHz

< Which of the following statements is true about Companding?

Companding increases the dynamic range of small signals

Companding compromises small amplitude signals

Companding I the process of comparing and then expressing

Companding is using non-uniform PCM codes

< what causes aliasing

A. When each cycle of the analog input signal is not sampled at least twice.

B. The Sample and Hold circuit naturally introduces alias of the input

C. When the original analog signal is outside the voice band frequency range

D. Is produced when the magnitude of a sample is rounded off to closest available level.
< Which block of the PCM transmission system is used to convert the multilevel PAM samples to

a binary PCM Code?

A. ADC

B. DAC

C. Sample and HoldCircuit

D. Digital Compander

< It is distortion created when using a too low sampling

Over-load distortion

Quantization error

Fold-over distortion

Compression error

< Which of the following codes will not be decoded exactly at the receiver when digital

compression is applied?

A. 100011111100

B. 100001011011

C. 000001011010

D. None of the choices

< When the maximum voltage magnitude in quantization is 3.75, and the resolution

2.5

60

15

30

< A part of PCM transmitter that serves as anti-aliasing circuit.

Bandpass filter

< In a 5-bit PCM code, what is the dynamic range in dB?

a.23.5 dB

b. 31 dB

c. 24.1 dB
d. 15 dB

< It is a type of pulse modulation where the duration of the pulse is varied in proportional to the
amplitude of the analog sample.

Pulse code Modulation

< A digital signal has a bit rate of 4kbps. The bit interval is

a. 250ubaud

b. 250kbps

c. 4000s

d. 250us

< When an analog signal with infinite amplitude possibilities is quantized and is given a 10-bit sign
magnitude PCM code, how many limited number of combinations are possible?

a. 20

b. 100

c. 512

d. 1024

< In digital compression, what is the compression ratio at segment 2?

a. 4:1
b. 8:1M,.JNcf
c. 16:1
d. 2:1
< When the 12 bit PCM code 001010101100 is compressed into 8-bits, which segment does it
belong?
a. 7
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
< Determine the actual number of PCM bits assigned to the magnitude for a dynamic range of 90dB.

a. 14

b. 16

c. 14.95

d. 15

< It is the distortion created when using a too low sampling rate when coding an analog signal for digital
transmission.

a. Over-load distortion

b. Quantization error

c. Fold-over distortion

d. Compression error

< Among the 4 methods of pulse modulation, which method is used in digital transmission?

a. PDM

b. PLM

c. PPM

d. PCM

< For a resolution of 0.08 V, determine the seven bit sign magnitude PCM code for a sample of -2.19V

a. 0101110

b. 1011011

c. 0011100

d. 0011011

< In all the codes possible in segment 7, how many codes can be decoded exactly at the receiver?

a. 64

b. 1024

c. 16

d. 32
< Which of the following 12 bit PCM codes belongs to segment 5?

a. 100001010101

b. 000111111000

c. 100011011001

d. 100000110011

< Which of the following sampling rate will result into foldover distortion if the maximum analog input is
5 kHz?

a. 16kHz

b. 12kHz

c. 8kHz

d. 10khz

< The minimum sampling rate needed for an analog signal whose frequency ranges from 300Hz- 4000Hz
is

a. 4000Hz

b. 3700Hz

c. 7400Hz

d. 8000Hz

< Which of the following codes will be decoded exactly at the receiver when digital compression is
applied?

a. 100100100010

b. 100001010011

c. 101010100110

d. 010110100000

< Determine the alias frequency if the sample rate is 10KHz and the analog input frequency is 6kHz.

a. 12kHz

b. 16kHz

c. 5kHz

d. 4kHz
< Determine the 8 bit compressed code of the 000011110011

a. 00001111

b. 01011110

c. 01001111

d. 01001110

< Determine the 8-bit compressed code:

01001001
< An analog signal with the amplitude -8.91V is converted to a12-Bit PCM code with a
resolution 0.005V. Determine the 12-Bit PCM code assign to this sample
011011110110
< An analog Signal whose amplitude is equal to 1.78V is compressed using an analog
compressor whose u =100, solve for the voltage gain if the maximum input is equal 4.5V
2.02
< convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM Linear code
01111110
000001111100 CORRECTED> 011110100000
< convert the 8-bit compressed back to 12 bits PCM Linear Code
10110001
100001000110
< convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM Linear Code
11101011
101101100000 CORRECTED> 101101110000
< A type of sampling where the input voltage is sampled with a narrow pulse and then held
relatively constant until the next sample is taken.
Flat-top sampling
< Another term for aliasing
fold over distortion
< An analog signal with the amplitude 4.95V is converted to a 12-bit OCM code with a
resolution 0.005V. Determine the 12-bit PCM code assigned to this sample
100111101110
< Convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM Linear Code
01111110
011111100000
< Which of the following is not true about Signal-to-Noise Ratio?
a. As the number of PCM bits increases, the SQR increases.
b. In linear codes, as the amplitude of a sample increases, SQR increases
c. SQR increases when the magnitude of the resolution is decreased.
d. None of the choices
< What do you call the error introduced by the sampling process which alters the frequency
spectrum and prevents from exactly reproducing the analog signal at the receiver?
a. Quantization error
b. Aperture error
c. Compression error
d. Aliasing
< For a compressor with µ= 255, determine the compressed output voltage for a maximum input
of 4V and an input of 0.99 V.
a. 3V
b. 2.75V
c. 1.25V
d. none of the choices
< Determine the 8-bit compressed code:
000011001110
01001001
< In digital compression how many positive codes are possible if a sample is coded at segment
7?
a. 512
b. 1024
c. 256
d. 128
< The _______ is the number of bits sent in one second.
a. bit interval
b. bit rate
c. baud
d. frequency

PRACTICE QUIZ 1 (90)

Question 1
Indirect PM is a result of

frequency
modulation

amplitude
modulation

phase modulation

demodulation

Question 2
Most of noise in communication system usually enters the

speaker

transmitter

receiver

communications
channel

Question 3
Theoretically, the bandwidth of an FM signal is

infinite
Question 4
Why does an FM signal has a limited reception?

because it uses low carrier

frequency

because it uses
ground propagation

because their wavelength is

longer

because their wavelength is

shorter

Question 5
Amplitude modulation is a result of

varying the frequency of the intelligence signal in proportion with the amplitude of the
carrier signal
varying the amplitude of the carrier signal in proportion with the amplitude of the intelligence
signal
varying the amplitude of the intelligence signal in proportion with the frequency of
the carrier signal

varying the amplitude of the intelligence signal in proportion with the amplitude of the
carrier signal

Question 6
It is a collection of devices that accepts the signal from the communication channel and
converts the back to its original form.

transmitte
r

demodulat
or

channel

receiver

Question 7
Which of the following is not a component of a Receiver?

micropho
ne

oscillator

antenna

speaker

Question 8
Which is not an example of a transmitter

Remote Control

Television

Keyboard

Cellular
Telephone

Question 9
It is an element in an Electronic Communication System where signal travels from
transmitter to receiver.

communications
channel

receiver

antenna

transmitter

Question 10
Which of the following is not considered a communications media

atmospher
e

Waveguid
 es

water

coaxial
cable

PRACTICE QUIZ 2 (100)

Question 1
PCM is an example of

analog to digital
encoding

analog to digital
encoding

digital to digital
encoding

digital to analog
encoding

Question 2
It is the only form of pulse modulation that converts analog into binary.

PPM

PAM

PW
M

PCM

Question 3
What is another term to Pulse Width Modulation?

Pulse Duration
Modulation

Pulse Time Modulation

Pulse Frequency
 Modulation

Pulse Wave Modulation

Question 4
It is a form of modulation where the change in amplitude in the intelligence signal causes a
change in phase in the carrier signal.

PM

AM

FM

PA
M

Question 5
Which is an example of analog modulation?

QA
M

FSK

FM

PC
M

PRACTICE QUIZ 3 (100)

Question 1
What causes aliasing?

A. When each cycle of the analog input signal is not sampled at least
twice.

C. When the original analog signal is outside the voice band frequency
range

B. The Sample and Hold circuit naturally introduces alias of the input

D. Is produced when the magnitude of a sample is rounded off to closest

available level.
Question 2
Which of the following is true about quantization?

C. The smaller the resolution the less quantization error is

introduced

D. All of the choices

B. The signal to noise ratio is the same all throughout the

quantization process.

A. Actual quantization error is the same all throughout the

process.

Question 3
A type of sampling where the input voltage is sampled with a narrow pulse and then held
relatively constant until the next sample is taken.

Flat-top Sampling

Question 4
Which of the following is true about sample and hold circuit?

C. It introduces aperture error as a result of mixing two signals

A. A sample and hold circuit is a non-linear device with two inputs and consequently,
heterodyning occurs between these two signals

D. All of the choices

B. The capacitor is the hold circuit

Question 5
Which of the following is not true about PCM?

A. Higher dynamic range will result if resolution is

increased

C. Increasing n will increase SQR

B. Increasing n, will increase the dynamic range

 D. None of the above

PRACTICE QUIZ 4 (100)

Question 1
Which of the following is not true about non-linear PCM codes

quantization error is lower for small amplitude analog signal but higher for large
amplitude analog signal

the resolution is non-uniform

The step size is constant

accuracy is higher for small ampltiude analog signal but compromised for high
amplitude analog signal

Question 2
In analog companding,

input at the compander is analog, output

is digital

input at the compander is analog, output

is analog

input at the compander is digital, output

is analog

input at the compander is digital, output

is digital

Question 3
In digital companding
 input at the digital compander is analog, output
is digital

input at the digital compander is digital, output

is digital

input at the digital compander is digital, output

is analog

input at the digital compander is analog, output

is analog

Question 4
Companding means

complementing the analog signal at he transmitter and then receding

at the reciever

computing the analog signal at he transmitter then allocating at the

reciever

complacing the analog signal at he transmitter and at the reciever

compressing the analog signal at he transmitter then expanding at the

reciever

Question 5
Which is true about analog companding

prioritized high ampltitude signal

gives higher SNR for large amplitude signal

prioritizes small amplitude signal by amplifying them more than large

amplitude signals

gives higher gain to large amplitude signals

COURSEWORK 1 (100)
Question 1
Determine the Coding Efficiency required for the following dynamic ranges: 40dB.
Use 2 decimal places.
95.73
SOLUTION:
FORMULA OF DYNAMIC RANGE (dB):
V max For 40dB,
DR (dB)=20 log =20 log( 2n−1)
V min
DR ( dB ) [
log antilog ( 2040 )+1]
2n=antilog ( 20 )+1 n=
log2
40

log (10 20 +1 )
( )
DR (dB) n=

n=
[
log antilog ( 20
+1 ) ] n=6.658
log2

log 2
n ≥6.658, n=7

FORMULA OF % CODING EFFICIENCY:

Minimum number of bits+ Sign Bit

%Coding Efficiency= ×100 %
Actual number of bits+ Sign Bit
6.658+1
%Coding Efficiency= ×100 %
7 +1

%Coding Efficiency=95.73 %

Question 2
For a resolution of 0.02V, determine the voltage (in V) and the for the following 6-bit
sign- magnitude PCM codes: 011100. Do not include the unit in final answer.
-0.56
SOLUTION:
011100 = 28 x 0.02V =-0.56
16 8 4

 Voltage Range
1
−0.56 ± ( 0.02V )=−0.55−(−0.57)
2
Question 3
Determine the dynamic range in dB for the following linear sign-magnitude PCM
code: 12 bits
66.22
SOLUTION:

FORMULA OF DYNAMIC RANGE (dB):

n
DR ( dB )=20 log (2 −1)

For 12 bits sign-magnitude PCM code, n=11 (i.e., excluding sign bit)
DR ( dB )=20 log ( 211−1)
DR=66.22 dB

Question 4
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of
4.5kHz, a maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum
dynamic range of 60dB. Determine the following: a) Minimum sampling rate (in
Hz)
9000
SOLUTION:

FORMULA OF MINIMUM SAMPLING RATE:

f s=2 B
Therefore,
f s=2( 4.5 kHz)
f s=9 kHz
Question 5
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency
of 4.5kHz, a maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum
dynamic range of 60dB. Determine the following: b) minimum number of bits
used in the PCM code. Use 2 decimal places.
9.967

SOLUTION:
Given: Max. analog input frequency = 4.5 kHz
Max. decoded voltage = ±5V
Min. dynamic range = 60 dB
Find: Min. number of bits

FORMULA FOR DYNAMIC RANGE:

20 log (2n −1)

Where n is the min. number of bits

Therefore,

n
60=20 log(2 −1)

60
=log (2n −1)
20

3=log (2n−1)

3 n
10 =2 −1

2n=103 +1
n
2 −1001
 log (1001)
n=
log (2)

n=9.967

COURSEWORK 2 (100)

Question 1
An analog input of 1.65V is converted to a 12 bit PCM code with a resolution of 5mV.
Determine the 8 bit compressed code.
11010100
SOLUTION:

1.65 V
=330
0.005V

( 0 ×1 ) + ( 2 ×1 ) + ( 4 ×0 )+ ( 8× 1 ) + ( 16 ×0 ) + ( 32 ×0 )+ ( 64 ×1 ) + ( 128 ×0 )+ ( 256 ×1 )=330 1001010

01010 = 12 Bit Code
 11010100 = 8 Bit Code

Question 2
a 12 bit code 000001011000 is digitally compressed, determine the expanded
analog voltage with a resolution of 5mV.
-0.44
SOLUTION:
000001011000
¿ 88 × ( 5 ×10−3 )=0.44 V Since the sign bit is 0 so its negative. Final answer
¿
¿
is -0.44V

Question 3
For a compressor with u=255, maximum input voltage of 3V, determine the gain for
an input of 3 V

SOLUTION:
Given: Max. input voltage= V max = 3V
Input Voltage = V¿ = 3V
u = 255
FORMULA FOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE: V out =3
FORMULA FOR GAIN:
uV¿

V out =
(
V max ln 1+
V max ) V out
ln( 1+u) GAIN =
V¿

255 ( 3 ) 3

V out =
(
3 ln 1+
3 ) GAIN =
3
ln(1+225) GAIN =1

Question 4
Expand the 8 bit compressed code 00100111

000000101111

SOLUTION:
s = 0 – sign bit
A B C D = 0111
S010ABCD – 8 Bit compressed code
S000001ABCDX – 12 Bit linear code
Substitute = 00000101111
 010
0111

Question 5
For a compressor with u=255, maximum input voltage of 3V, determine the gain for
an input of 0.1V

12.17972818
SOLUTION:
Given: Max. input voltage= V max = 3V
Input Voltage = V¿ = 1V
u = 255

FORMULA FOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE:

uV¿

V out =
(
V max ln 1+
V max )
ln( 1+u)
255 ( 0.1 )

V out =
(
3 ln 1+
3 )
ln(1+225)
V out =1.217972818
FORMULA FOR GAIN:

V out
GAIN =
V¿

1.217972818
GAIN =
0.1
GAIN =12.17972818
Convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM linear code 10110001
Answer: 100001000110

Determine the compressed code 100000101110

Answer: 10100111
Convert the 8-bit compressed codeback to 12 bits PCM linear code 01111110
Ans: 011110100000

An Analog signal whose amplitude is equal to 1.78V is compressed using an analog

compressor whose u = 100. Solve for the voltage gain if the maximum input is equal to 4.5V
Answer: Or 2.028

If u increases from 100 to 255 from the previous question, determine the % change in the
compressed output voltage
Answ: -3.88%
Determine the 8-bit compressed code
Asnwer: 01001001

Convert the 8 -bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM linear code 11101011
Answer: 101101110000
In analog companding

An analog signal with the amplitude -8.91V is converted to a 12 – bit PCM code with a
resolution 0.005V. Determine the 12- bit PCM code assigned to this sample
Answer: 011011110110
In digital companding

Determine the 8-bit compressed code : 000000011100

Answer: 00011100
Which is true about analog companding

An analog signal with the amplitude 4.95V is converted to a 12- bit PCM cide with a resolution
0.005V. Determine the 12 bit PCM code assigned to this sample
Answer: 101111011110

Which of the following is not true about non-linear PCM codes

COURSEWORK 1 (100)

Question 1
Determine the Coding Efficiency required for the following dynamic ranges: 40dB.
Use 2 decimal places.
95.73
SOLUTION:
FORMULA OF DYNAMIC RANGE (dB):
V max For 40dB,
DR (dB)=20 log =20 log( 2n−1)
V min
DR ( dB ) [
log antilog ( 2040 )+1]
2n=antilog ( 20 )+1 n=
log2
40

log (10 20 +1 )
( )
DR (dB) n=

n=
[
log antilog ( 20
+1 ) ] n=6.658
log2

log 2
n ≥6.658, n=7

FORMULA OF % CODING EFFICIENCY:

Minimum number of bits+ Sign Bit

%Coding Efficiency= ×100 %
Actual number of bits+ Sign Bit
6.658+1
%Coding Efficiency= ×100 %
7 +1

%Coding Efficiency=95.73 %

Question 2
For a resolution of 0.02V, determine the voltage (in V) and the for the following 6-bit
sign- magnitude PCM codes: 011100. Do not include the unit in final answer.
-0.56
SOLUTION:
011100 = 28 x 0.02V =-0.56
16 8 4

 Voltage Range
1
−0.56 ± ( 0.02V )=−0.55−(−0.57)
2

Question 3
Determine the dynamic range in dB for the following linear sign-magnitude PCM
code: 12 bits
66.22
SOLUTION:

FORMULA OF DYNAMIC RANGE (dB):

n
DR ( dB )=20 log (2 −1)

For 12 bits sign-magnitude PCM code, n=11 (i.e., excluding sign bit)
DR ( dB )=20 log ( 211−1)
DR=66.22 dB

Question 4
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of
4.5kHz, a maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum
dynamic range of 60dB. Determine the following: a) Minimum sampling rate (in
Hz)
9000
SOLUTION:
FORMULA OF MINIMUM SAMPLING RATE:

f s=2 B
Therefore,
f s=2( 4.5 kHz)
f s=9 kHz

Question 5
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency
of 4.5kHz, a maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum
dynamic range of 60dB. Determine the following: b) minimum number of bits
used in the PCM code. Use 2 decimal places.
9.967

SOLUTION:
Given: Max. analog input frequency = 4.5 kHz
Max. decoded voltage = ±5V
Min. dynamic range = 60 dB
Find: Min. number of bits

FORMULA FOR DYNAMIC RANGE:

20 log (2n −1)

Where n is the min. number of bits

Therefore,

60=20 log(2n−1)
 60
=log (2n −1)
20

3=log (2n−1)

3 n
10 =2 −1

2n=103 +1
n
2 −1001

log (1001)
n=
log (2)

n=9.967

COURSEWORK 2 (100)

Question 1
An analog input of 1.65V is converted to a 12 bit PCM code with a resolution of 5mV.
Determine the 8 bit compressed code.
11010100
SOLUTION:

1.65 V
=330
0.005V
 ( 0 ×1 ) + ( 2 ×1 ) + ( 4 ×0 )+ ( 8× 1 ) + ( 16 ×0 ) + ( 32 ×0 )+ ( 64 ×1 ) + ( 128 ×0 )+ ( 256 ×1 )=330 1001010
01010 = 12 Bit Code

11010100 = 8 Bit Code

Question 2
a 12 bit code 000001011000 is digitally compressed, determine the expanded
analog voltage with a resolution of 5mV.
-0.44
SOLUTION:
000001011000
¿ 88 × ( 5 ×10−3 )=0.44 V Since the sign bit is 0 so its negative. Final answer
¿
¿
is -0.44V

Question 3
For a compressor with u=255, maximum input voltage of 3V, determine the gain for
an input of 3 V

SOLUTION:
Given: Max. input voltage= V max = 3V
Input Voltage = V¿ = 3V
u = 255

FORMULA FOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE: V out =3

FORMULA FOR GAIN:
uV¿

V out =
(
V max ln 1+
V max ) V out
ln( 1+u) GAIN =
V¿

255 ( 3 ) 3

V out =
(
3 ln 1+
3 ) GAIN =
3
ln(1+225) GAIN =1
Question 4
Expand the 8 bit compressed code 00100111

000000101111

SOLUTION:
s = 0 – sign bit
A B C D = 0111
S010ABCD – 8 Bit compressed code
S000001ABCDX – 12 Bit linear code
Substitute = 00000101111

010
0111
Question 5
For a compressor with u=255, maximum input voltage of 3V, determine the gain for
an input of 0.1V

12.17972818

SOLUTION:
Given: Max. input voltage= V max = 3V
Input Voltage = V¿ = 1V
u = 255
FORMULA FOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE:
FORMULA FOR GAIN:
uV¿

V out =
(
V max ln 1+
V max ) GAIN =
V out
ln( 1+u) V¿
255 ( 0.1 )

V out =
(
3 ln 1+
3 ) GAIN =
1.217972818
ln(1+225) 0.1
V out =1.217972818

GAIN =12.17972818 PRACTICE QUIZ 1 (90)

Question 1

Indirect PM is a result of

frequency
modulation

amplitude
modulation

phase modulation
 demodulation

Question 2

Most of noise in communication system usually enters the

speaker

transmitter

receiver

communications
channel

Question 3
Theoretically, the bandwidth of an FM signal is

infinite

Question 4

Why does an FM signal has a limited reception?

because it uses low carrier

frequency

because it uses
ground propagation

because their wavelength is

longer

because their wavelength is

shorter

Question 5
Amplitude modulation is a result of

varying the frequency of the intelligence signal in proportion with the amplitude of the
carrier signal

varying the amplitude of the carrier signal in proportion with the amplitude of the intelligence
signal

varying the amplitude of the intelligence signal in proportion with the frequency of
the carrier signal

varying the amplitude of the intelligence signal in proportion with the amplitude of the
carrier signal

Question 6

It is a collection of devices that accepts the signal from the communication channel and
converts the back to its original form.

transmitte
r

demodulat
or

channel

receiver

Question 7

Which of the following is not a component of a Receiver?

micropho
ne

oscillator

antenna
 speaker

Question 8

Which is not an example of a transmitter

Remote Control

Television

Keyboard

Cellular
Telephone

Question 9

It is an element in an Electronic Communication System where signal travels from

transmitter to receiver.

communications
channel

receiver

antenna

transmitter

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a communications media

atmospher
e
 Waveguid
es

water

coaxial
cable

PRACTICE QUIZ 2 (100)

Question 1

PCM is an example of

analog to digital
encoding

analog to digital
encoding

digital to digital
encoding

digital to analog
encoding

Question 2

It is the only form of pulse modulation that converts analog into binary.

PPM

PAM

PW
 M

PCM

Question 3

What is another term to Pulse Width Modulation?

Pulse Duration
Modulation

Pulse Time Modulation

Pulse Frequency
Modulation

Pulse Wave Modulation

Question 4

It is a form of modulation where the change in amplitude in the intelligence signal causes a
change in phase in the carrier signal.

PM

AM

FM

PA
M

Question 5

Which is an example of analog modulation?

QA
 M

FSK

FM

PC
M

PRACTICE QUIZ 3 (100)

Question 1
What causes aliasing?

A. When each cycle of the analog input signal is not sampled at least
twice.

C. When the original analog signal is outside the voice band frequency
range

B. The Sample and Hold circuit naturally introduces alias of the input

D. Is produced when the magnitude of a sample is rounded off to closest

available level.

Question 2
Which of the following is true about quantization?

C. The smaller the resolution the less quantization error is

introduced

D. All of the choices

B. The signal to noise ratio is the same all throughout the

quantization process.

A. Actual quantization error is the same all throughout the

process.
Question 3
A type of sampling where the input voltage is sampled with a narrow pulse and then held
relatively constant until the next sample is taken.

Flat-top Sampling

Question 4
Which of the following is true about sample and hold circuit?

C. It introduces aperture error as a result of mixing two signals

A. A sample and hold circuit is a non-linear device with two inputs and consequently,
heterodyning occurs between these two signals

D. All of the choices

B. The capacitor is the hold circuit

Question 5
Which of the following is not true about PCM?

A. Higher dynamic range will result if resolution is

increased

C. Increasing n will increase SQR

B. Increasing n, will increase the dynamic range

D. None of the above

PRACTICE QUIZ 4 (100)

Question 1
Which of the following is not true about non-linear PCM codes

quantization error is lower for small amplitude analog signal but higher for large
amplitude analog signal

the resolution is non-uniform

The step size is constant

accuracy is higher for small ampltiude analog signal but compromised for high
 amplitude analog signal

Question 2
In analog companding,

input at the compander is analog, output

is digital

input at the compander is analog, output

is analog

input at the compander is digital, output

is analog

input at the compander is digital, output

is digital

Question 3
In digital companding

input at the digital compander is analog, output

is digital

input at the digital compander is digital, output

is digital

input at the digital compander is digital, output

is analog

input at the digital compander is analog, output

is analog

Question 4
Companding means

complementing the analog signal at he transmitter and then receding

at the reciever

computing the analog signal at he transmitter then allocating at the

reciever

complacing the analog signal at he transmitter and at the reciever

compressing the analog signal at he transmitter then expanding at the

 reciever

Question 5
Which is true about analog companding

prioritized high ampltitude signal

gives higher SNR for large amplitude signal

prioritizes small amplitude signal by amplifying them more than large

amplitude signals

gives higher gain to large amplitude signals

OT
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following d) actual dynamic range in dB as a result of using the actual number of
bits solved in the previous question. Use 2 decimal places. do not include unit in the final answer.
60.20
Determine the dynamic range in dB for the following linear sign-magnitude PCM code: b)12
bits
66.22
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following e) resolution (in mV) from the actual dynamic range solved in the
previous question. Use 2 decimal places. Do not include the unit in the final answer
4.89
A PCM system has the following parameters: a maximum analog input frequency of 4.5kHz, a
maximum decoded voltage at the receiver of ±5V, and a minimum dynamic range of 60dB.
Determine the following c) actual number of bits used in the PCM code (excluding the sign)
10
https://www.coursehero.com/qa/wait/29618172/

Which of the following is not true about PCM codes?

Linear PCM codes are also called folded binary codes

With linear coding accuracy is the same for the high and low

With linear coding resolution is unknown

With Linear Coding, SQR is sacrificed for high amplitude signal

< When the maximum voltage magnitude in quantization is 3.75V and the resolution
is…...chuchu...

a. 15

<When the maximum voltage magnitude in quantization is 3 V, and the resolution is 0.3 V, What
is the SQR for the maximum input signal?

< Which of the following is not true about Digital Transmission….

a. It requires physical facility between a transmitter and a receiver

b. The original information may analog or digital in form

c. It uses radio wave propagation

d. None of the choices

< With this pulse modulation technique, the pulses are of fixed length and fixed amplitude. It
uses a binary system where a pulse or lack of pulse within a prescribed time slot represents either
logic 1 or a logic 0 condition.

PAM

a. PWM

b. PPM

c. PCM

< Which of the following is not true about sample and hold circuit?

a. A sample and hold circuit is a non-linear device with two inputs…..

b. It is used to produce a PAM signal

c. Uses flat-top sampling

d. The capacitor serves as the switch

< What is not a possible solutions to improve performance …..of PCM?

a. Use of linear PCM codes

b. Use of non-linear PCM codes try

c. Use of companded systems <<<<answer, not sure kung tama

d. Increase number of PCM bits

< In all the codes possible in segment 3, how many codes can be decoded exactly at the

receiver?

A. 16

B. 64

C. 32

1024

< Which of the following statement is true about digital transmission

Digital signals are inherently less susceptible than analog signsls to interference

With digital signals, it is not necessary to evaluate the precise amplitude frequency

Digital transmission system are more resistant to analog systems to additive noise signal amplification

All of the above

< In order to reduce quantizing noise one must

Increase the dynamic range

Increase the number of PCM bits

Increase the number of standard amplitudes

All of the choices

< Which of the following is not true about sample and hold circuit

A sample and hold circuit is a non linear device which two inputs

Is a used to produce a PAM signal

Uses flat op sampling

The capacitor serves as the switch

< With this pulse modulation technique, the pulses are of fixed length and fizes amplitude. It uses binary
system where a pulse or lack of pulse within a prescribed time slot represents either logic 1 or a logic 0
condition.

PWM

PPM

PCM

< Compute for the 3rd order harmonic lower sideband frequency (in KHz) of a sample and hold circuit
with a maximum analog input of 4KHz and a sampling rate equal to 12KHz.
Ans: 32kHz

< Which of the following statements is true about Companding?

Companding increases the dynamic range of small signals

Companding compromises small amplitude signals

Companding I the process of comparing and then expressing

Companding is using non-uniform PCM codes

< Which block of the PCM transmission system is used to convert the multilevel PAM samples to

a binary PCM Code?

A. ADC

B. DAC

C. Sample and HoldCircuit

D. Digital Compander

< It is distortion created when using a too low sampling

Over-load distortion

Quantization error

Fold-over distortion

Compression error

< Which of the following codes will not be decoded exactly at the receiver when digital

compression is applied?

A. 100011111100

B. 100001011011

C. 000001011010

D. None of the choices

< A part of PCM transmitter that serves as anti-aliasing circuit.

Bandpass filter

< In a 5-bit PCM code, what is the dynamic range in dB?

a.23.5 dB
b. 31 dB

c. 24.1 dB

d. 15 dB

< It is a type of pulse modulation where the duration of the pulse is varied in proportional to the
amplitude of the analog sample.

Pulse code Modulation Pulse Width Modulation

< A digital signal has a bit rate of 4kbps. The bit interval is

a. 250ubaud

b. 250kbps

c. 4000s

d. 250us

< When an analog signal with infinite amplitude possibilities is quantized and is given a 10-bit sign
magnitude PCM code, how many limited number of combinations are possible?

a. 20

b. 100

c. 512

d. 1024

< In digital compression, what is the compression ratio at segment 2?

a. 4:1
b. 8:1
c. 16:1
d. 2:1
< When the 12 bit PCM code 001010101100 is compressed into 8-bits, which segment does it
belong?
a. 7
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
< Determine the actual number of PCM bits assigned to the magnitude for a dynamic range of 90dB.

a. 14

b. 16

c. 14.95

d. 15

< It is the distortion created when using a too low sampling rate when coding an analog signal for digital
transmission.

a. Over-load distortion

b. Quantization error

c. Fold-over distortion

d. Compression error

< Among the 4 methods of pulse modulation, which method is used in digital transmission?

a. PDM

b. PLM

c. PPM

d. PCM

< For a resolution of 0.08 V, determine the seven bit sign magnitude PCM code for a sample of -2.19V

a. 0101110

b. 1011011

c. 0011100

d. 0011011
< In all the codes possible in segment 7, how many codes can be decoded exactly at the receiver?

a. 64

b. 1024

c. 16

d. 32

< Which of the following 12 bit PCM codes belongs to segment 5?

a. 100001010101

b. 000111111000

c. 100011011001

d. 100000110011

< Which of the following sampling rate will result into foldover distortion if the maximum analog input is
5 kHz?

a. 16kHz

b. 12kHz

c. 8kHz

d. 10khz

< The minimum sampling rate needed for an analog signal whose frequency ranges from 300Hz- 4000Hz
is

a. 4000Hz

b. 3700Hz

c. 7400Hz

d. 8000Hz

< Which of the following codes will be decoded exactly at the receiver when digital compression is
applied?

a. 100100100010
b. 100001010011

c. 101010100110

d. 010110100000

< Determine the alias frequency if the sample rate is 10KHz and the analog input frequency is 6kHz.

a. 12kHz

b. 16kHz

c. 5kHz

d. 4kHz

< Determine the 8 bit compressed code of the 000011110011

a. 00001111

b. 01011110

c. 01001111

d. 01001110

< Determine the 8-bit compressed code:

01001001
< An analog signal with the amplitude -8.91V is converted to a12-Bit PCM code with a
resolution 0.005V. Determine the 12-Bit PCM code assign to this sample
011011110110
< An analog Signal whose amplitude is equal to 1.78V is compressed using an analog
compressor whose u =100, solve for the voltage gain if the maximum input is equal 4.5V
3.61
< convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM Linear code
01111110
000001111100 CORRECTED> 011110100000
< convert the 8-bit compressed back to 12 bits PCM Linear Code
10110001
100001000110
< convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM Linear Code
11101011
101101100000 CORRECTED> 101101110000
< A type of sampling where the input voltage is sampled with a narrow pulse and then held
relatively constant until the next sample is taken.
Flat-top sampling
< Another term for aliasing
fold over distortion
< An analog signal with the amplitude 4.95V is converted to a 12-bit OCM code with a
resolution 0.005V. Determine the 12-bit PCM code assigned to this sample
100111101110
< Convert the 8-bit compressed code back to 12 bits PCM Linear Code
01111110
011111100000
< Which of the following is not true about Signal-to-Noise Ratio?
a. As the number of PCM bits increases, the SQR increases.
b. In linear codes, as the amplitude of a sample increases, SQR increases
c. SQR increases when the magnitude of the resolution is decreased.
d. None of the choices
< What do you call the error introduced by the sampling process which alters the frequency
spectrum and prevents from exactly reproducing the analog signal at the receiver?
a. Quantization error
b. Aperture error
c. Compression error
d. Aliasing
< For a compressor with µ= 255, determine the compressed output voltage for a maximum input
of 4V and an input of 0.99 V.
a. 3V
b. 2.75V
c. 1.25V
d. none of the choices
< Determine the 8-bit compressed code:
000011001110
01001001
< In digital compression how many positive codes are possible if a sample is coded at segment
7?
a. 512
b. 1024
c. 256
d. 128
< The _______ is the number of bits sent in one second.
a. bit interval
b. bit rate
c. baud
d. frequency
Number of bits in PCM if n=4 find DR in dB
23.52