6

Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 3
Week 3- Lesson 1-3

MARIA KAREN C. MIRANDA and JASON N. GUBA, Writers

Teachers, Torres Elementary School
 What I Need to Know

This module is intended for Grade 6 learners like you. The activities of
this module will help you discover the rules and concepts of the lesson.
The most essential learning competency/ies aligned in this module
is/are:
 gives the translation of real-life verbal expressions and equations into
letters or symbols and vice versa. (M6AL-IIIe-16)
 defines a variable in an algebraic expression and equation.
(M6AL-IIIe-17)

This module comprises of three lessons that cover the following areas
namely;
 Lesson 1 Constant, Variables and Algebraic expression,
 Lesson 2, Translations of real-life verbal expressions into letters
or symbols and vice versa.
 Lesson 3, Translations of real-life verbal equations into letters or
symbols and vice versa.

After studying this module, you should be able to:

 Give the translations of real-life verbal expressions and

equations into letters or symbols and vice versa;

 Define a variable in an algebraic expression and equation.

i
 What I Know (Pre-test)
Let us determine how much you already know about algebraic expressions
and equations. If you answer all the test items correctly in this pretest, then you
may skip studying this learning material and proceed to the next learning module.

A. Translate the following word phrases into algebraic expressions. Choose

the letter of the correct answer.

1. five more than x (a. 5+x b. 5x +x c. x + 5x)

2. eight added to y (a. y8 -8 b. 8-y c. 8+y)
3. nine subtracted from k (a. 9-k b. k-9 c. 9k-k)
4. h increased by 12 (a.h+12 b. h-12 c. 12-h)

B. Translate each algebraic expression into word phrases.

5. 5n + 2
6. 2 (x + 6)
7. 6 – 3x
8. 2p

C. Express each algebraic equation into words.

9. ��3 = 18 10. N + 4 =10

11. 3k + 7 =34 12. 5y – 9 = 11

D. Write an algebraic equation for each sentence.

13. Thrice a number is 18.

14. The sum of twice a number and 5 is 9.
15. Seven times the sum of a number and 2 is 2

ii
 Lesson
Lesson 1 Constant, Variables, and
1 Algebraic Expressions

What’s In
A. Study the pattern and shade the number that will complete the sequence.

1. 68, 70, 72 74 78
2. 55, 60, 65 75 70

3. 93, 96, 99 100 102

4. 88, 90, 92 93 94
25 27
5. 1, 4, 9, 16
6. 39,33, 36 30 31
7. 120, 125, 130 131 135
8. 39, 41, 44 46 47
9. 42, 48, 54 59 60

10. 67, 62, 57 52 53

What’s New

Hi, I’m Richie, can

you help me out
with my problem?

I am newly hired messenger in a multinational

company in Makati. As a trainee, I need to wear a
polo-shirt every day. I was given a clothing
allowance of 6,000. How many polo-shirts can I
buy using this amount?

1
 What Is It
Study the table of prices for typical brands of clothes.
Brand Price per Numerical
shirt expression
Brand A 600.00 6000÷ 600
Brand B 500.00 6000÷ 500
Brand C 400.00 6000÷ 400
Brand D 300.00 6000÷ 300

The answer to Richie’s problem depends on the brand of clothes he will buy.
The third column gives the numerical expression for each brand for the number of
shirts that he can buy. Our constant is 6,000.00.
If you do not know the price of a polo-shirt, we can use a variable to stand
for the price. Then we can write the algebraic expression for the number of shirts.

Let (variable) Number of shirts in

Algebraic expression
p = the price of Brand A shirt 6000 ÷ p
q = the price of Brand B shirt 6000 ÷ q
r = the price of Brand C shirt 6000 ÷ r
s = the price of Brand D shirt 6000 ÷s

We can evaluate the algebraic expression by substituting a number to a variable

Let’s evaluate the expression for the Brand A shirt
a. 6000 ÷ p 6000 ÷ 600 = 10

Now it’s your turn to evaluate the remaining Brands of shirts:

b. 6000 ÷ q
c. 6000 ÷ r
d. 6000 ÷ s

2
 Terms you must remember!!
Numerical expression is an expression that combines numbers and one
or more operation symbols
Variable is any letter or symbol that represents a number
Constant fixed value that does not change/specific number
Algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variable,
numerals and operation symbols
Evaluate an algebraic expression is by substituting a number to a
variable in the given expression

What’s More
Now it’s your turn to apply what you have learned about our first lesson.

A. Identify the constant in each expression. ( 1 is done for you)

1. r + 3 ----- constant is 3
2. m-5
3. 9x + y
4. 8s
5. 2πr
6. 2 (l x w)
B. Identify the variable/s in each expression. ( 1 is done for you)
1. 23 – t ------ the variable is t
2. 15 + z
3. 3b
4. 2L + 2W
5. 3 (e+d)
6. 3a + b + c

What I Have Learned

Good job! To ensure that you fully understood the lesson, it is vital that you know the
meaning of the following terms.
1. What is variable?
2. What is constant?
3. What is an algebraic expression?

3
 What I Can Do
Direction: Identify the constants, variables and operations used in the following
algebraic expressions.
Algebraic Constants Variables Operations used
Expressions
1. 5n + 4
2. 3x – 2y
3. 3n + 7
4. 10 (n + 5)
5. 5a + 6b + c

4
Lesson 2:
Lesson Translations of Real-life Verbal
2 Expressions into Letters or
Symbols and Vice Versa.

What’s In
A. Evaluate each expression when n=3 and m =4
1. 25-n
2. n + 8
3. 5 ( n + m)
4. 2 + n + m
5. 3 x n
6. 5 + m
7. 32 – n
8. n + m
9. 3 + n + m
10. 10 + m

What’s New
The Perimeter of
How can I get the the triangle is the sum of
Perimeter of the triangle? the lengths of its sides.

a b

c 5
 Hmmm... What Join me, and let’s
expression can I find that out!!!
formulate then?

a b

What Is It
The phrase “the sum of the lengths of its sides” can be translated into a
mathematical expression.
The term sum denotes addition. A triangle has three sides that can be named by
letters(variables) a, b, and c.
Hence, the algebraic expression or mathematical phrase that corresponds to
English/word phrase “the sum of the lengths of its sides” is a+b+ c

Translating Word Phrases into Algebraic Expressions and vice versa

Here are some keywords that are used to describe common mathematical
operations.
Symbol Key Words/Phrases
+ Addition, pus, the sum of, more than, added to, increased
by, the total of
- Subtraction, minus, the difference of, less than, decreased
by, diminished by, subtracted from, less
x, , ( ) Multiplication, times, the product of, twice, multiplied by,
of
÷, , / Division, divided by, the quotient of, the ratio of
= Is equal to, equals, is, is the same as

6
Study the table below on how different word phrases can be translated or written in
algebraic expressions.
Word Phrases Algebraic Expressions
m plus 3
the sum of m and 3
m increased by 3 m+3
3 added to m
3 more than m
n minus 11
the difference of n and 11
n decreased by 11
n - 11
n diminished by 11
11 less than n
11 subtracted from n
2 times w
twice of w
w multiplied by 2 2w
The double of w
The product of 2 and w
x times y
the product of x and y xy
x multiplied by y
x divided by y
�, x÷y
the quotient of x and y �
The ratio of x to y
x squared
�2
the square of x
thrice x plus twice y
the sum of thrice x plus
twice y
three times x plus two 3x + 2
y
times y
Thrice x increased by
twice y
7
Example 1. Translate to algebraic expression. Six more than twice a number.
Let a = the number

6 + 2a Six more than twice a number

Algebraic expression: 6 + 2a
Example 2. Translate to algebraic expression. The sum of a number and eight
divided by two.
Let b = the number

The sum of a number and eight divided by two

b+8 ÷ 2
�+�
Algebraic expression: (b + 8) ÷ 2 or
�

Example 3. Translate algebraic expression into word phrases. w+ 3

w + 3

a number added to, or three

plus, or
increased by

Word phrase: A number added to three, is similar to

A number plus three
A number increased by three

Example 4. Translate algebraic expression into word phrases. 15 – 2a

15 – 2a

fifteen minus twice a number

less than
decreased by

Word phrase: Fifteen minus twice a number

is similar to: Fifteen less than twice a number
Fifteen decreased by twice a number

8
 What’s More
A. Translate each word phrase into algebraic expression.
1. five more than x
2. eight added to z
3. seven subtracted from k
4. twice y
5. p divided by six
6. the product of a number and four
7. the quotient of twelve and three
8. the square of nine
9. fifteen increased by twenty
10. nine less than w
B. Translate each algebraic expression into word phrase.
1. 8 – 6k
2. t–1
3. 2p
4. 5n + 2
5. 2 (x + 6)
6. 9a + 7
7. w + 3
8. 2
�

9. -5g + 4h
10. 3x + 2y

What I Have Learned

When you need to translate into an algebraic
expression but the quantity is not given, you may assign a
variable or letter to one of the unknown quantities.

9
 What I Can Do
Direction: Write an algebraic expression to answer each question.
1. Let b the time now
a. What was the time three hours ago?
b. What is the time after 5 hours?

2. Let n be the number

a. What is twice the number?
b. What is the sum of the number and 28?
c. What is the square of the number?

3. Let x be Lola Delia ‘s age now.

a. What was her age thirty years ago?
b. What will be her age after five years?

10
Lesson 3
Lesson Translations of Real-life Verbal
3 Equations into Letters or
Symbols and Vice Versa.

What’s In

Direction: Complete the table below. Write the corresponding word phrase or
algebraic expression of each item.
Algebraic
Word Phrase
Expression
1 Sixteen less than twenty-seven
2 The sum of thrice a number and 9
3 Four times the sum of the number and two
4 The square of the sum of N and 10
5 The product of 2 and a number
6 3x + y
7 4�2 + 5
8 34 – 5m
9 4 (z + 7)
10 r ÷ (2 + 3)

What’s New
Hi, It’s me again
Richie!!!
We are almost there to know how many
polo shirts can I buy using my clothing
allowance. Come and help me compute!!!

11
 Here’s the table we have made earlier.
Let’s now compute how many shirts per
brand can I purchase using my 6000.

Brand Price per Numerical

shirt expression
Brand A 600.00 6000÷ 600
Brand B 500.00 6000÷ 500
Brand C 400.00 6000÷ 400
Our equation to get the
Brand D 300.00 6000÷ 300
exact number of polo
shirts per brand are listed in the third column (table below).
Brand Price per Algebraic Number of
shirt Equation Shirts

Brand A 600.00 6000÷ 600 = t t = 10

Brand B 500.00 6000÷ 500 = u u =12
Brand C 400.00 6000÷ 400 = v v =15
Brand D 300.00 6000÷ 300 = w w = 20

The variable (letter) in each algebraic equation (in the third column) represents the
number of shirts per brand.

What Is It
An equation is a mathematical sentence with an equal sign (=) which shows
that the two algebraic expressions on either side are equal.
The symbol “ = ” is read as “ equals “ and separates an equation into two
parts: the left member and the right member.
For example, in the equation 6000÷ 600 = 10

left member right member

12
Translating Word Phrases into Algebraic Equations and vice versa
To write a related algebraic equation to a given sentence, you have to
translate the word phrases into algebraic expression, then replace the phrase “is
equal to” or “is” by the mathematical symbol “ = ”.

Example 1. Translate into algebraic equation. The sum of a number and two is
three.
Let a be the number.
The sum of a number and two is three

a+2 = 3

Or
a number The sum two is three

a + 2 = 3

Algebraic equation: a + 2 = 3

Example 2. Translate into algebraic equation. Twice a number decreased by six is

equal to sixteen.
Let b be the number
Twice a number decreased by six is equal to sixteen

2b - 6 = 16

Algebraic equation: 2b - 6 = 16

Example 3. Translate into algebraic equation. Twice the sum of a number and two is
twenty-one.
Let c be the number
Twice the sum of a number and two is twenty-one

2 c+2 = 21

Algebraic equation: 2 (c + 2) = 21

13
Example 4. Translate into word phrase. C – 18 = 134.
C – 18 = 134

A number decreased by eighteen is equal to one hundred thirty-four

Word phrase: A number decreased by eighteen is equal to one hundred thirty-four

is similar to A number minus eighteen is one hundred thirty-four.

Example 5. Translate into word phrase. 13 + 3x = 145.

13 + 3x = 145.

Thirteen plus thrice a number is one hundred forty-five

Word phrase: Thirteen plus thrice a number is one hundred forty-five

is similar to Thirteen added to thrice a number is one hundred forty-five.

What’s More
A. Write an algebraic equation for each mathematical sentence.
1. The product of a number and 5 is twenty.
2. One more than a number is seventy-five.
3. A number divided by seven is equal to two.
4. The difference between six and a number is two.
5. Eight less than twice a number is sixteen.
B. Translate each algebraic equation into words/mathematical sentence.
1. 2n – 13 = 9
2. n + 4 = 10
3. � = 9
5
4. 3n – 7 = 14
5. 3 (n,+ 1) = 9

14
 What I Have Learned
 An algebraic equation is a mathematical sentence with an equal sign (=) which
shows that two expressions on the either side are equal
 To write a related algebraic equation to a given sentence, you have to translate the
word phrases into algebraic expression, then replace the phrase “is equal to” or
“is” by the mathematical symbol “ = ”.

What I Can Do
Direction: Write an equation for each situation.
1. Samantha is y years old now. Write an algebraic equation for Samantha’s
age if her age 5 years from now is 17.
2. The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 21.
2

Summary
 Numerical expression is an expression that combines numbers and
one or more operation symbols
 Variable is any letter or symbol that represents a number
 Constant fixed value that does not change/specific number
 Algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variable,
numerals and operation symbols
 Evaluate an algebraic expression is by substituting a number to a
variable in the given expression
 When you need to translate into an algebraic expression but the
quantity is not given, you may assign a variable or letter to one of the
unknown quantities.
 An algebraic equation is a mathematical sentence with an equal sign
(=) which shows that two expressions on the either side are equal
 To write a related algebraic equation to a given sentence, you have to
translate the word phrases into algebraic expression, then replace the
phrase “is equal to” or “is” by the mathematical symbol “ = ”.

15
 Assessment (Post-test)

A. Translate the following word phrases into algebraic expressions.

1.seven increased by h
2. fifteen subtracted from three times y
3. nine subtracted from k
4. h divided by 12
B. Translate each algebraic expression into word phrases.
5. 5n + 5
6. 2 (g + 8)
7. 6 x 6k
8. 3w

C. Express each algebraic equation into words.

9. 4 � ℎ = 48 10. �2 + 4 =29
11. 3k + 7 =34 12. 5(y – 9) = 5

D. Write an algebraic equation for each sentence.

13. Thrice a number added to 5 is 23.
14. The sum of twice a number and 5 is 9.
15. Seven times the sum of a number and 2 is 21.

Additional Activities

A. Translate each equation into mathematical sentence/words.

1. 3x+12=36 2. 2 (a + 3) = 14 3. � – 7=3
3
B. Write an equation for each sentence.
1. There are 6 pencils on the table and r pencils on the floor. There are 42 pencils in total.
2. Bell had 100 pesos. After she spent 26 pesos on snacks and x for lunch, she had 14
pesos left.
3. Mike is 172 cm tall. Troy is n cm tall. Mike is 28 cm taller than Troy.

16
 Key Answers

What I Know (Pre-Test)

A. 1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
B. 5. Five times n added to/increased by/plus two
6.two times to the sum/total of x and six
7. six minus/diminished by thrice x or thrice x subtracted from six
8. twice p
c. 9. N times three is/is equal to eighteen
n multiplied by three is eighteen
the product of n and 3 is eighteen
10. n added to/plus/increased by four is ten
11. thrice k added to/increased by seven is thirty-four.
The sum/total of thrice k and seven is thirty-four
12. five times y decreased by/minus/diminished by nine is 11
D. 13. 3x=18
14. 2x+5=9
15. 7(x+2)=2

Lesson 1

What’s In What Is It What’s New (A)

1.74 b. 6000÷500=12 2. 5
2. 70 c. 6000÷400=15 3. 9
3.102 d. 6000÷300=20 4. 8
4.94
5. 25 5. 2 and π
6. 30 6. 2
7. 135 B
8. 48 2. z
9. 60 3. b
10. 52 4. L,W

5. e,d
6. a,b,c

17
What I Can Do

Constant Variables Operation Used

1. 5, 4 n Addition
2. 3, 2 x, y Subtraction
3. 3, 7 n Addition
4. 10, 5 n Addition

What I Have Learned

Variable is any letter or symbol that represents a number
Constant fixed value that does not change/specific number
Algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variable, numerals and operation
symbols

Lesson 2

What’s In What’s More (A)

1. 25-3=22 1. 5+x
2. 3+8=11 2. 8+z
3. 5(3+4)=35 3. K-7
4. 9 4. 2y
5. 3x3=9 5. p÷6 0r p/6
6. 5+4=9 6. Px4 (variable may vary)
7. 32-3=29 7. 12÷3 or 12/3
8. 3+4=7 8. 92
9. 3+3+4=10 9. 15+20
10. 10+4=14 10. 9-w
11. 7(3+4)
12. 2z=20
13. 6(12+k)
14. 34+x (variable may vary)
15. x+45
What’s More (B) What I Can Do
1. 8 minus 6 times k 1. a. b-3
2. a number less/minus/diminished by 1 b. b+5
1 subtracted from t 2. a. 2n
3. twice p b. n+28
4. 5 times n plus/added/increased by 2 c. �
5. the product of 2 and the sum of the number and 6 3. a. x-30
2 times the sum/total of a number and 6 b. x+5
6. 9 times a plus/added/increased by 7
7. a number added to/plus/increased by 3
8. 2 divided by p
9. 5 times g plus/increased by/added to 4 times 8
10.3 times x plus/increased by/added to 2 time s y
The sum/total of 3 times x and 2 times y

18
Lesson 3

What I Can Do What’s More

1. y+5=17 A (variable may vary)
2. n+1/π =2 ½ 1. nx5=20
(variable may vary) 2. 1+n=75
3. n÷7=2
n/7=2
4.6-n=2
5. 8-2n=16
B. 1. Twice a number minus 13 is/is equal to 9
The difference between twice a number and 13 is 9
2. a number plus/added to/increased by 4 is 10
The total/sum of a number and 4 is 10
3. a number divided by 5 is 9
4. thrice a number
Minus/decreased/diminished by 7 is 14
The difference between thrice the number and 7 is 14
5. the product of 3 and the sum of a number and 1 is 9

What’s In
1. 27-16
2. 3x+9 (variable may vary)
3. 4(x+2) (variable may vary)
4.(n+10)2
5. 2xn (variable may vary)
6. thrice a number plus/added to/increasedby a number
The sum/total and a number and y
7. four times the square of x plus 5
8. thirty-four minus/diminished by 5 times a number
9. four times the sum of z and 7
10. the quotient of a number and the sum of 2 & 3

19
References
Burgos, Jaime, Perez, Marjoseph H., Placer, Donnel P.,Dimaranan, Arsenio
S..(2016).21st Century MATHletes 6.Quezon City.Vibal Group,Inc.
Villamayor, Adela, Celeridad-Wright, Amelia D., de Joya, Eden C.. (2015). MATH
FOR LIFE 6.Revised Edition 2015.Sampaloc Manila. Rex Book Store, Inc.(RBSI)
https://www.123rf.com/photo_74989296_boy-with-backpacks-cartoon.html.
Accessed January 28,2021
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/silhouette-rounded-rectangle-
callout-for-dialogue-vector-11211 Accessed January 28,2021
https://pngtree.com/freepng/cartoon-pupil-thinking-about-problem-png-
transparent-bottom_4603875.html Accessed January 28,2021
https://wikiclipart.com/student-thinking-clipart_36047/ Accessed January
28,2021

20