DTMUN 2023 – TRAINING GUIDE

Table of Contents
What is the United Nations? ........................................................................................ 2
The UN has 4 main purposes: ...................................................................................... 2
What is Model United Nations? ................................................................................... 2
How to prepare for the Model United Nations? ........................................................... 2
General Rules ............................................................................................................... 4
Roll Call ....................................................................................................................... 6
General Speaker’s List (GSL) ...................................................................................... 6
Trusted Resources ........................................................................................................ 6
Opening the floor ......................................................................................................... 8
Caucus .......................................................................................................................... 8
Parliamentary points .................................................................................................... 9
Proceedings of the DTMUN ...................................................................................... 10
Position paper............................................................................................................. 10
Draft Resolutions ....................................................................................................... 10
Voting Procedures ...................................................................................................... 12
Votes .......................................................................................................................... 12
UNSC – VETO POWER ........................................................................................... 12
Background Guide (Study Guide).............................................................................. 13
Marks Distribution ..................................................................................................... 14
Awards ....................................................................................................................... 14
What is the United Nations?
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 to maintain international
peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress,
better living standards and human rights by 51 countries. The United Nations has 6 principle
organs.

The UN has 4 main purposes:

• To keep peace throughout the world.
• To develop friendly relations among nations.
• To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease
and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms.
• To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

What is Model United Nations?

Model United Nations is a simulation of actual United nation which is done to enhance
knowledge about pressing International issues. It is called Model United nation not mock
United nation because it does not work as exact replica of United Nations, it is just attempt to
understand working of United Nations by practicing some of its working mechanism. Every
person who participates is given a country to represent and are called Delegates of their
respective committees. There are some rules that we follow in MUNs to facilitate the debate
called rules of procedure.

How to prepare for the Model United Nations?

i) General Research and Preparation guidelines
There are three consistently significant parts of representative planning. They are: useful;
meaningful; and positional planning. Practical readiness outfits the representatives with
essential apparatuses, including a comprehension of the guidelines important to act in board of
trustees. The meaningful component gives preparation of explicit data on the subject regions. At
long last, positional planning requires the understudies to embrace viewpoints that are not their
own.

ii) Meaningful Preparation

The Background Guides are a consequence of broad exploration and exertion with respect to the
Executive Board and are the establishment of considerable groundwork for every advisory
group. We recommend that you read them, talk about them, and read them once more. On the
off chance that an agent has not perused and ingested the data in the Background Guide, the
person won't contribute adequately to the board. An ambitious beginning on the Background
Guides will empower you to completely comprehend the subjects and start to tissue out your
own thoughts. Advise yourself that you should go about as policymakers, dissecting and
shaping the data you have gotten into arrangements and goals. Conversations with different
representatives will likewise assist you with fostering your thoughts. While the Background
Guide will give a large portion of your meaningful readiness, autonomous exploration is
valuable, fulfilling and important for a fruitful gathering.

iii) Positional Preparation

We expect representatives to receive the situation of a particular country all through the UN
reproduction. This is a vital component of the "global" experience of a model UN as it powers
representatives to analyse the points of view, issues, and arrangements of one more country at
an exceptionally major level. It is additionally quite possibly the most troublesome parts of
MUN on the grounds that understudies should go up against natural inclinations of their own
public viewpoints and authentic data. The position papers are the focal point of positional
planning before the meeting. Albeit generally short, we request that you invest energy and
exertion on investigating and keeping in touch with them. Materials arranged by the EB are not
intended to fill in for your individual exploration. All things being equal, they ought to give a
beginning stage, motivating you to ask yourself inquiries about the current issues. The best-
arranged agents are those that accept the given materials as the start of their exploration and dig
further into the theme regions. Past these materials are a large group of data administrations,
starting with United Nations sources. UN's assets regularly have ordered measurements,
outlines, and charts which you may discover supportive in understanding the issues. Most UN
report communities convey records of UN gatherings; maybe the most ideal approach to
comprehend your nation's position is to see it iterated by its diplomat.

iv) Explicit assets to research

• Yearbook of the United Nations: The Yearbook is a decent beginning stage for your
examination. The Yearbook will furnish you with general data on what has been done on your
theme during a specific year. It likewise gives exceptionally accommodating references to past
articles and goals.

• United Nations Chronicle: This magazine gives you general data on the procedures of the UN.
Watch out for exceptional reports on your theme region, which will advise you about the point
and countries' situations on it.

• UN Document Index: This record for all UN reports comes in three distinct renditions: UNDI
(1950-1973), UNDEX (1970-1978), and UNODC (1979-present). Contingent upon which of
the three you are utilizing, you will track down a subject record, a nation file, and an
alphanumeric rundown of all reports distributed (this is helpful in light of the fact that each
panel has its own novel alphanumeric prefix and accordingly you can track down every one of
the records put out by a board of trustees during a specific year paying little heed to the
particular theme.
• UN Resolutions: This arrangement is both significant and extremely simple to utilize. The
record is aggregate from 1946, which implies that you need just check the most current list to
track down every one of the goals on your point that the UN has at any point passed.

• Other UN Sources: Depending on the subject, there may be extra pertinent UN sources. Check
for books and exceptional reports put out by the WHO. Past United Nations sources,
notwithstanding, are general wellsprings of data. Explore your school and nearby libraries.
Look at diaries, periodicals, and papers for more current sources. Remember to ask the curators
for help.

• Books: Up-to-date books are probably going to give you a profundity and exactness that is
hopeless from UN sources or periodicals. Try to check library postings for bound materials.
Book research, in any case, can take a decent arrangement of time, so use prudence when
choosing books.

• Periodicals: Periodicals are valuable for straightforward, current data on points (the Reader's
Guide to Periodical Literature and InfoTrack fill in as a record for these materials). Try not to
anticipate that they should supply you with the profundity of data you will require for the
Conference.

• People: A regularly ignored source; individuals can help you extraordinarily in your
exploration. A few groups to remember are: bookkeepers, individual agents, personnel
counsellors, and your board of trustees' Director, Moderator, and Assistant Directors. Not
exclusively can these individuals help you discover what you are searching for, yet they may
likewise suggest new sources that you had not thought of. Try not to spare a moment to call or
email your advisory group Director. The individual has spent the whole summer doing
investigate for the Background Guide and will be glad to address any inquiries.

• Embassies and Consular Offices: Contact the government office or consular office of the
country that you are addressing. These spots are happy to help you in your exploration via
mailing factual information and other unclassified data.

General Rules
a) Language
• English
• It is important the language be ‘formal’
b) Dress Code
• Formal Attire
c) Delegate Representation
• One delegate – one country – one vote
• In DTMUN, each class is getting a committee (which is a decision making body)
and an agenda (topic)
• It is important to note that the delegates must at all times refer to themselves in 3 rd
person by the name of the country they are representing (eg: the delegate of China)
or 1st person plural, i.e., “we”.
• Delegates have to convey and represent the interest of their allocated country. They
should restrain from personal opinions and agendas.
• Delegates should also not use abusive language in the council. If any delegate is
found to be involved in the trouble caused during council, strict actions will be
taken.

d) Academic Integrity
• Pre- written draft resolutions are not allowed in DTMUN.
• Delegates have to prepare the DR during the council itself.
• Plagiarism (representation of another’s thoughts or language as one’s own) is NOT
allowed. All directors must check documents (DRs and Position Papers) for
plagiarism.

e) Attendance
• To receive participation certificate of DTMUN, complete attendance is mandatory.
It should be noted that DTMUN is a 1-day MUN.
• However, generally in 2-day committees, 75% attendance is compulsory to receive
participation certificate.

f) Chairs
• The Chair in a committee consists of Director and Assistant Director.
• The Chair has to prepare Background Guide and give marks to the delegates.
• The Chair has to announce the meeting’s start and end times, direct discussion,
grant right to speak, allow questions, announce decisions and rule on points of
order.
• The Chair has many discretion powers but the decisions should always be taken in
favour of the delegates.
• The Chair should encourage and motivate delegates to actively participate in the
discussion and debate.
• Lastly, the Chair should not misuse their discretion power.
Roll Call
 The Chair will conduct a roll call in alphabetical order at the start of each committee
session.
 Following roll call, the Chair will announce the simple (50%) majority requirements, as
well as the minimum number of signatories required for the submission and amendment
of a Draft Resolution.
 In DTMUN, minimum 4 signatories are required for submission.

General Speaker’s List (GSL)

 The council will proceed directly to the general speakers’ list because there is only one
topic set for each committee.
 Delegates should speak broadly about the subject matter under consideration.
 Each speaker’s default speaking time is forty five (45) seconds.
 In DTMUN, GSL is compulsory for all.

Delegates can use their remaining time in one of two ways if there is time left:

● Yield to Point(s) of Information (POI(s)):

• The remaining time will be yielded to questions from other delegates.
• When a speaking delegate opens themselves to questions, other delegates may
raise their placards and the Chair can recognize delegates who get to ask the
questions.
• The speaker is not obliged to answer the questions directed at them, i.e., has an
option to answer or not.
• This yield is only applicable if the delegate has at least fifteen (15) seconds of
speaking time left.

● Yield to the chair:

• The remaining time will elapse and the committee will move to the next speaker on
the list.
• This yield will be automatically applied if the delegate has less than fifteen (15)
seconds of speaking time left.

Trusted Resources
For stating facts or arguments or for proving points or backing up their statements, evidence or
proof that is acceptable from sources:
1) News Sources
a. REUTERS:
Any Reuters article which clearly makes mention of the factor is in contradiction of the fact
being stated by a delegate in council.
http://www.reuters.com/

b. State-operated News Agencies:

These reports can be used in the support of or against the State that owns the News Agency.
These reports, if credible or substantial enough, can be used in support of or against any
Country as such but in that situation, they can be denied by any other country in the council.
Some examples are:
i) RIA Novosti (Russia) - http://en.rian.ru/
ii) IRNA (Iran) - http://www.irna.ir/ENIndex.htm
iii) BBC (United Kingdom) - http://www.bbc.co.uk/
iv) Xinhua News Agency and CCTV (P.R. China) - http://cctvnews.cntv.cn/

2. Government Reports
These reports can be used in a similar way as the State Operated News Agencies reports and
can, in all circumstances, be denied by another country.
a. Government Websites:
i) State Department of the United States of America -
http://www.state.gov/index.htm
ii) Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation -
http://www.eng.mil.ru/en/index.htm

b. Ministry of Foreign Affairs:

i) India - http://www.mea.gov.in/
ii) People’s Republic of China - http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/
iii) France - http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/
iv) Russian Federation - http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/main_eng

c. Reports of the Permanent Representatives to the United Nations:

http://www.un.org/en/members/

(Click on any country to get the website of the Office of its Permanent
Representative)

d. Multilateral Organisations:
i) NATO - http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/index.htm
ii) ASEAN - http://www.aseansec.org/
 iii) OPEC - http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/

3. UN Reports
All UN Reports are considered are credible information or evidence for the Executive Board of
the Security Council.
a. UN Bodies:
i) Security Council - http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/
ii) GA - http://www.un.org/en/ga/
iii) HRC - http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/HRCIndex.aspx

b. UN Affiliated bodies:
i) International Atomic Energy Agency - http://www.iaea.org/
World Bank - http://www.worldbank.org/

ii) International Monetary Fund -

http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm
iii) International Committee of the Red Cross - http://www.icrc.org/eng/index.jsp

c. Treaty Based Bodies:

i) Antarctic Treaty System - http://www.ats.aq/e/ats.htm
ii) The International Criminal Court - http://www.icccpi.int/Menus/ICC

NOTE – For extremely controversial facts/statements (mostly to attack another delegate’s

statement), delegates can refer to (opposition) nation’s government.

Opening the floor

 After all delegates have their GSL speech, the council will move onto table
debate/discussion.
 Usually in MUNs, after sufficient speeches have been entertained, the Chair opens the
floor for points and motions. Delegates raise their placards and wait to be recognized by
the Chair. The Chair may recognize 3 motions at once. However, only one may pass.

Caucus
(i) Moderated Caucus:
→ Besides the topic, a sub-issue is also discussed in the MUN conference.
→ Moderated caucus is a discussion of sub issues.
→ Topics which are proposed by delegates for Moderated Caucus are put to vote and
a topic is chosen by majority vote, the person who proposed the topic gets to
choose the total time and individual time of speaking also gets to choose if they are
the first person or last person to speak.
Parliamentary points

1. Point of Personal Privilege:

 Whenever a delegate experiences personal discomfort, which impairs the
delegate’s ability to participate in the proceedings, the delegate may rise to a Point
of Personal Privilege to request that the discomfort be corrected.
 A Point of Personal Privilege may interrupt a speaker.

2. Point of Order:
 At any point when a committee is in session, a delegate may rise to a Point of
Order to indicate their belief that the rules of procedure are not being properly
followed.
 The Point of Order will be immediately decided by the dais in accordance with
these rules of procedure.

 A representative rising to a Point of Order may not speak on the substance of the
matter under discussion.

3. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry:

 When the floor is open, a delegate may rise to a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry to
ask the Dais a question regarding the rules of procedure.
 A Point of Parliamentary Inquiry may never interrupt a speaker.
 Delegates with substantive questions should not rise to this Point, but should rather
approach the Committee staff during caucus.

CRISIS
• A crisis is a hypothetical situation given by the Chair to the delegates.
• The delegates have to access the situation through all aspects and think about
thesolutions that could be implemented if the situation had taken place.
• Behaving as if the situation has already taken place, the delegates giving crisis
speechesmust form their speeches accordingly.
• At the end of the crisis debate, the council as a whole should have expressed
themeasures it would take.

Also,
• The delegates representing the countries in the crisis must speak first (mandatory).
• Delegates of other countries can speak (not mandatory), once the delegates of
countriesnamed, have spoken.
• The total time and individual time of the speakers must be decided by the Directors.
 • In DTMUN, the individual time would be 1 min or 2 mins and the total time will
beinformed to the directors later.
• Delegates must be given 10 mins to prepare their speeches once the crisis has
beenannounced.

Proceedings of DTMUN-

1. Roll Call
2. GSL
3. VOTING ON MODERATED CAUCUS TOPICS (A topic will be up for discussion only
if it gains two thirds of the majority during voting).
4. CRISIS
5. MODERATED CAUCUS
6. VOTING ON DRAFT RESOLUTION
7. DRAFT RESOLUTION TO BE PASSED.

Position paper
A position paper is maintained by the delegate to expand on the topic of the conference,
describe the stance of the country assigned to them and seek effective solutions. Usually, a
position paper is up to 2 pages long and covers all the major subjects such as previous actions
and the policies of the assigned country.

1. In the header the committee, the country and the agenda should be mentioned
2. There should be four paragraphs showing:
a) Introduction and the Country's stance
b) What is your allocated country doing regarding the topic?
c) What are UN and other international organizations doing regarding the topic?
d) Possible solutions
3. In the footer the references should be mentioned. (full URL required)
4. Country flag or Coat of Arms may be used or watermarked
5. Page Size: A4 & Normal Margin, Maximum 2 A4 sheets(not including bibliography)
6. Subject: Position Paper-Committee-Country
7. Plagiarism to be avoided in the Position Papers, Position papers with plagiarism
greater than 10% will not be considered.

Draft Resolutions
 Draft Resolutions must include solutions and content to address the debated issue.
Moreover, they should address the questions posed in the background guide. (There is a
rigid format for the DR and the chair may set a maximum number of DR that will be
entertained.)
  The DR must have sponsors, signatories, and preambulatory and operative clauses in
place.
 The Chair has the discretion to announce the deadline and method of submission—
and each DR will be numbered according to their time of submission.
 After the Chair recognizes the DR, a delegate can introduce the DR.
 In the introduction, a reading time, a presentation, and a question and answer
session will be entertained with the total time determined by the Chair.
 A DR requires a two-thirds majority to pass—and each committee can only pass and
adopt one resolution.

IMPORTANT NOTES:
• DR tells about solutions talked in the committee during GSL and debate.
• To form DR, delegates must form blocs with their “friend” countries. The foreign policy
of the assigned country must be followed.
• Blocs are group of delegates whose assigned countries have good diplomatic relations.
These can be made prior the start of the committee.
• DRs must have authors and signatories.
 DRs are made by authors, i.e., delegates who contribute most of the solutions.
 Sponsors = authors
 Signatories – delegates who know about the DR and those who would be interested
in knowing the content of the DR
 Minimum number of signatories is 4 (in DTMUN).
• Only authors can present DRs in front of the committee.
• They should be to the point and in precise format.
• The DRs should be up to the mark. No mistakes will be entertained.
• You can’t put a full-stop anywhere in the DR, only at the end.
• If full stop is put, nothing after the full stop is considered.
• The clauses (pointers that are made) should be written in points.
• The sub-clauses should be sub-pointers in the clauses.
• The DR must be systematically differentiated, should be completely formal and not
decorative.
• Words like “strongly condemns”, “proposes”, etc, i.e., preambulatory clauses and
operatives should be used.
 Preambulatory clauses – what the DRs are talking abt
 Operatives – solutions that are being proposed by draft resolutions
 Parliamentary words – remain constant and are compulsory

Structure
Draft Resolution 1.X (X is the resolution number representing the sequence of introduction)
Committee: (full name of committee)
Sponsors: (full name of country(ies), in alphabetical order)
Signatories: (full name of country(ies), in alphabetical order)
Topic: (committee topic in full)

The [name of committee, e.g. Security Council / Human Rights Council],

[Preambulatory word / phrase] xxx,

(e.g.) Fully aware of the negative implications of...
(e.g.) Affirming the actions of...

Voting Procedures
1) PROCEDURAL VOTING
→ Except for voting on draft resolutions and amendments, all voting is considered
procedural.
→ All procedural motions must be voted on by the delegates regardless of their status
and no abstentions are permitted.
→ Eg: voting on a motion to move into Moderated Caucus
→ Procedural voting might or might not be conducted through a roll call.
→ In DTMUN, due to time restraints, directors will be going ahead with procedural
voting without a roll call.

2) SUBSTANTIVE VOTING
→ When voting on amendments and draft resolutions, substantive voting is used.
→ Voting on amendments shall not require a roll call, but rather a vote by show of
hands.
→ At least two-thirds of the council must agree on an amendment for it to pass;
observer states are not entitled to vote on substantive matters.

Votes
1. Roll Call Vote
2. Vote by Acclamation
• just by show of hands
• without standard vote of those in favour, those opposed and those abstaining

UNSC – VETO POWER

→ The P5 nations of the Security Council (United States of America, Russian Federation,
France, United Kingdom, and the People’s Republic of China) can exercise their veto
powers during all substantive votes.
 → If one or more of the P5 nations decides to use the veto power by voting against the
Resolution at hand, the cumulative vote is considered to be disregarded and the resolution
fails regardless of the result of the remaining vote.
→ However, substantive votes are to be conducted fully even if the result is pre-determined
due to the veto of a nation.
→ In the Security Council, all substantive votes are conducted in the form of a roll-call vote.
The Chair will call out the delegations’ names in alphabetical order, and delegates are
required to answer among the following
● Yes (For)
● No (Against)
● Abstain

Background Guide (Study Guide)

The document helps the delegates get a first-hand exposure towards the committee and
the topic.
The directors and assistant directors (chairs and co-chairs) are required to research the
topic and committee assigned to them thoroughly.
The background guide can be divided into 11 parts:
1. About the committee: Self explanatory
2. Introduction to the Agenda: Research and write about the said agenda not country
specific but in general and also can add on how to said organization’s role or how they
helped.
3. Current situation: The directors are required to research the current in respect to their
respective topics and write in their own words, the paragraph can consist of how it is in
different parts of the world, etc.
4. World Scenario: the whole world’s scenario in general and also it can be divided into
specific regions and it can be explained.
5. Past Actions: This paragraph should contain information about the particular
committee/organization/ agency and past actions in regards to the agenda and what other
UN organizations have done.
6. Goals: This paragraph should contain information about the particular
committee/organization/ agency goals in respect to the agenda or in general.
7. A case study
8. Impact of the current situation on the agenda
9. Questions a draft resolution should answer: this would help the delegates prepare the
draft resolution
10. Points to ponder upon: This should help the delegates prepare for their speeches and
position paper
11. Citations: the links/urls of website used for the information.
*Note: The information written in the background should be factually accurate and the amount
plagiarism acceptable is 10%.
Marks Distribution
Marks are to be given according to the following:
a. Content
b. Fluency
c. Position Paper
d. Foreign Policy
Marking Scheme: (to be made in excel and has to be sent to higher authorities in DTMUN)
Country Roll GSL Debate / Decorum Research Crisis Foreign Total
Call Mod Policy
Out of Out of Out of 5 Out of 5 Out of Out of 5 Out of
10 10 10 45
Eg:
Poland PV 8 6.5 5 3 7 5 34.5

• The marks for GSL will be considered in internals.

Marks for PP:

• For Position Papers, marks are to be given out of 5.
• The Position Paper or its Xerox copy will be attached in the Social Science portfolios of
delegates.
• The marks for Position Paper will be considered in internals.

Awards
1. Best Delegate
2. Honourable Mention