AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

School of Arts and Sciences

Banga, Aklan

I. INSTITUTIONAL VISION AND MISSION

Vision
An Academic Pillar of Excellence (APEx) for Sustainable Development.

Mission
Aklan State University is committed to offer degree & non-degree curricular in agriculture,
forestry, fishery, arts & sciences, engineering & technology, education, veterinary medicine &
management sciences to produce globally competent professional leaders & entrepreneurs
through technological breakthroughs in research, efficacy of extension, & efficiency in
production.

II. COLLEGE / SCHOOL VISION AND MISSION

Vision: The School of Arts and Sciences focuses on the broad literal education for lifelong
learning.
Mission: The School of Arts and Sciences of Aklan State University aims to produce morally
upright, intellectually competent and technological equipped
graduates.
Course Code/Title: PE 4 (TEAM SPORT)
Course Credit Unit: 2 Units
Course Description

The purpose of this course is to provide learning experiences that will lead to the
development of the basic skills in team sports. In addition to skill acquisition, the course will focus
on how to plan and implement the four stages of skill development in games through the use of
extending, refining and application tasks. An emphasis will be placed on the use of the game
stages and movement framework as a guide for designing a variety of sport games.

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 Chapter 1

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO’S)

BASKETBALL

At the end of the lesson students should be able to:

 Discuss the nature and background of basketball

 Practice proper and acceptable behavior (e.g. fairness, respect for authority) when playing

basketball

 Proficiently execute basic skills and tactics in basketball

 Interpret rules and regulations of basketball

 Exhibit enjoyment in playing basketball

 Explain the health and fitness benefits derived from playing basketball

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Lesson 1
SPORTS
“Are games governed by set of rules and regulations.”
Sport is commonly defined as an organized, competitive and skillful physical activity
requiring commitment and fair play. “Sport” comes from the Old French desport meaning leisure,
with the oldest definition in English from around 1300 being “anything humans find amusing or
entertaining”.

TEAM SPORTS
Refers to that are practiced between opposing team, where the players interact directly
and simultaneously between them to achieve an objective. The objective generally involves team
members facilitating the movement of a ball or similar item in accordance with a set of rules, in
order to score points.

Nature and Background of Basketball

Basketball is a team sport, wherein the objective is to shoot the ball through a basket
horizontally positioned to score points while following a set of rules. Usually, two teams of five
players play on a marked rectangular court with a basket at each width end. Basketball is one of
the world’s most popular and widely viewed sports.

A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high
mounted to a backboard. A team score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during
regular play. A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to
the basket than three-point line, and three-points (known commonly as a 3-pointer or three) if the
player is behind the three-point line. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins,
but additional time (overtime) maybe issued when the game ends with a draw. The ball can be
advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or throwing (passing) it to
a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball (travelling), to carry it, or to hold the
ball with both hands then resume dribbling (double dribble)

Various violations are generally called “fouls.” Disruptive physical contact (a personal foul)
is penalized. A free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting
the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for
unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team
a free throw. Moreover, the opposing team retains possession of the ball.

Basketball has evolved many commonly used techniques of shooting, passing, dribbling,
and rebounding, as well as specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures
(players positioning) and techniques. Typically, the tallest members of a team will play “center”
“power forward, or “small forward” positions, while shooter players or those who possess the best
ball handling skills and speed play “point guard” or “shooting guard.” (Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball)

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Basketball History

In early December 1891, Luther Gulick, chairman of the

physical education department at the School for Christian
Workers (now Springfield College) in Springfield,
Massachusetts, instructed physical education teacher James
Naismith to invent a new game to entertain the school's
athletes during the winter season. With an ordinary soccer
ball, Naismith assembled his class of 18 young men,
appointed captains of two nine-player teams, and introduced
them to the game of Basket Ball (then two words). Naismith,
who had outlined 13 original rules, dispatched the school
janitor to find two boxes to be fastened to the balcony railing
at opposite sides of the gymnasium, where they would serve as goals. The school janitor, however,
only found two half-bushel peach baskets, and the game was played with these.

The soccer ball and the peach basket soon gave way to specialized equipment. For
example, in the early days the peach baskets were closed at the bottom, meaning that someone
had to climb on a ladder to retrieve the ball after a made basket. The peach basket was later
replaced by a metal rim with a net hanging below, and in 1906 people began opening the netting to
let the ball fall through. The first basketballs were made from panels of leather stitched together
with a rubber bladder inside. A cloth lining was added to the leather for support and uniformity. The
molded basketball, introduced in about 1942, was a significant advancement for the sport. The
molded ball, a factory-made ball that had a constant size and shape, offered better reaction and
durability, making play more consistent and the development of individual skills easier. In
Naismith's original 13 rules, the ball could be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but it
could not be dribbled because players could not move with the ball. Beginning in 1910 a player
could dribble the ball, but could not shoot after dribbling. It was not until 1916, following heated
debate that players were allowed to shoot after dribbling.

Throughout basketball's history, no part of the game has been more monitored than the
act of fouling an opponent. In basketball's early days, a player's second foul would mean removal
from the game until the next field goal was made. If a team committed three consecutive fouls, the
opposition would be awarded a field goal. Beginning in 1894 players were given a free throw when
fouled. Beginning in 1908 players who committed five fouls were disqualified from the game. Based
on the severity of the foul, the rules were soon amended so that players were awarded either two
shots or one shot plus a bonus shot, which was attempted only if the first shot was made. The rules
also determined that an offensive player could commit a foul by playing too aggressively.

In 1892 Lithuanian-born physical education teacher Senda Berenson Abbott introduced

basketball to women, at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. Because it was believed
that Naismith’s version of the game could be too physically demanding for women, Berenson
Abbott made the following changes to the game: The court was divided into three equal sections,
with players required to stay in an assigned area; players were prohibited from snatching or batting
the ball from the hands of another player; and players were prohibited from holding the ball for
longer than three seconds and from dribbling the ball more than three times.

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 Basketball's growth spread in the United States and abroad through Young Men's
Christian Associations (YMCAs), the armed forces, and colleges. Due to its simple equipment
requirements, indoor play, competitiveness, and easily understood rules, basketball gained
popularity quickly. In May 1901 several schools, including Yale and Harvard universities and
Trinity, Holy Cross, Amherst, and Williams colleges, formed the New England Intercollegiate
Basketball League. The development of collegiate leagues and conferences brought organization
and scheduling to competition, and formal league play created rivalries. More importantly,
collegiate leagues became a critical training ground for officials.

By the early 1900s basketball was played at about 90 colleges—most of them located in
the East and Midwest. In 1905 teams from the University of Minnesota and the University of
Wisconsin traveled to New York to challenge Eastern League champion Columbia University.
Columbia’s “Blue and White Five” defeated both Midwestern teams, and the idea of an
intercollegiate championship was born. By 1914 more than 360 colleges offered basketball, and
the sport had spread heavily into the Midwestern states.

In 1915 the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States (AAU), the NCAA, and the
YMCA formed a committee to standardize rules, and during the next ten years a number of
regional conferences were formed. Games between top regional teams were sometimes awarded
national champion status by the press, but an official championship tournament was still many
years away. Travel and scheduling difficulties and continued regional rule differences slowed the
organization of a tournament that could impartially produce a national champion.

The first national collegiate tournament was held in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1937. The
teams in this tournament, however, were all from the Midwest. New York, with a large fan base that
generated travel funds, was the site of the NIT tournament, which was the first truly national
collegiate tournament. The first NIT was held at the end of the 1937-38 season.

The NIT was promoted by members of the Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association
—a New York City sportswriters’ group. In 1939 a group of coaches from the National Association
of Basketball Coaches (NABC), fearing Eastern bias, organized and sponsored the first NCAA
national tournament. In this tournament the University of Oregon defeated Ohio State University.
The NCAA took sole control of the organization of its tournament after that first year. For the next
decade, the NCAA and NIT tournaments competed to become the universally recognized national
championship tournament, with the NCAA eventually winning out.

The NCAA tournament's original format, used for its first 12 years, divided the country
into eight districts, each with a regional selection committee sending a team to the eight-team
tournament. As the tournament gained importance, the field gradually enlarged to its present size
of 64, made up of champions from a number of conferences, in addition to other successful teams.

Professional basketball began in 1896 at a YMCA in Trenton, New Jersey. A dispute

between members of the YMCA team and a YMCA official led to the players forming a professional
team and playing for money. In 1898 a group of New Jersey newspaper sports editors founded the
National Basketball League (NBL). The NBL consisted of six franchises from Pennsylvania and
New Jersey. Stars of this league included Ed Wachter, who played in about 1,800 professional
games, and Barney Sedran, who played on 10 championship teams in 15 years.
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 The Buffalo Germans, a team that won 111 straight games between 1908 and 1911,
and the Original Celtics, a team that pioneered many tactics in basketball, including the
development of the zone defense, were extraordinarily successful professional teams in the early
20th century. The first successful national professional league was the American Basketball
League (ABL), which lasted from 1925 to 1931. The New York Renaissance, a team made up of
black players, dominated the 1930s. The Rens, as the team was called, were the best team of the
era, winning 88 consecutive games during one stretch. Another all-black team with similar success
was the Harlem Globetrotters. The Globetrotters were founded in 1927 as a competitive team, but
through the years they became known for their basketball acrobatics and humorous routines.

Although most basketball players were men, 37 states offered high school varsity
basketball for women by 1925, and in 1926 the AAU formed a national tournament for women's
teams. This enabled women to showcase their basketball skills after scholastic play was finished,
and also to gain employment at companies that sponsored their own AAU teams. Notable players
from this era of women's basketball include Babe Didrikson, Alline Banks Sprouse, and Nera
White, who was one of the first two female players elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame. In 1938
the three-court game was changed to a two-court game, with six players on a team (three on
offense and three on defense). Players were still prohibited from straying from their assigned
areas.

In the mid-1930s another professional league called the National Basketball League (NBL)
was founded, taking the same name as the earlier NBL, which had ceased operation some years
before. In 1946 a group of executives in New York City formed yet another new professional
basketball league, known as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). This new circuit was a
direct competitor with the new NBL, with teams in New York City; Boston, Massachusetts;
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Chicago, Illinois; and Detroit, Michigan. Just before the 1948-49
season, the four strongest teams in the NBL—those from Minneapolis, Minnesota; Rochester, New
York; Fort Wayne, Indiana; and Indianapolis, Indiana—joined the BAA. The following season, the
NBL's six surviving teams also joined the BAA, forming a three-division league that was renamed
the National Basketball Association (NBA). After the 1949-50 season the NBA reduced its size and
established two divisions, the forerunners to the Eastern and Western conferences that were
established after the 1969-70 season.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan
and coached by John Kundla, won five NBA championship titles (1949, 1950, 1952-1954). In the
1950s guard Bob Cousy and forward Bob Pettit had the greatest individual impact on professional
basketball. Cousy, nicknamed the Houdini of the Hardwood because of his ball-handling skills, led
the NBA in assists eight straight years (1953-1960) and guided the Boston Celtics to six NBA titles
(1957, 1959-1963). Pettit finished his career with a remarkable 26.4 points per game (ppg) average
while leading the St. Louis Hawks to appearances in the NBA championship finals in 1957, 1958,
1960, and 1961, with the Hawks winning the title in 1958.

The Celtics dominated the NBA from 1957 to 1969. During this 13-season period, the
team, coached mostly by Red Auerbach, won 11 NBA titles (1957, 1959-1966, 1968, 1969),
including 8 consecutively. The Celtics had many stars, but center Bill Russell was arguably the
greatest. In his 13-season career Russell averaged 15.1 ppg and 22.5 rebounds per game (rpg).
Another dominant center of the time was Wilt Chamberlain. Chamberlain played for the
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Philadelphia Warriors, San Francisco Warriors (the team moved west in 1962), Philadelphia 76ers,
and Los Angeles Lakers. He scored 100 points in a single game in 1962 and averaged 50.4 ppg for
the 1961-62 season. Neither record has ever been approached by another player. Top guards in
the 1960s included Oscar Robertson of the Milwaukee Bucks, Jerry West of the Los Angeles
Lakers, and Walt Frazier of the New York Knicks.

The University of California, Los Angeles dominated college basketball from 1963 to
1975. Coached by John Wooden, UCLA won ten national championships during this time (1964,
1965, 1967-1973, 1975), including seven consecutively. From 1971 to 1974, UCLA won 88
consecutive games, an NCAA record. Wooden's UCLA teams featured great players such as
center Bill Walton, guard Gail Goodrich, forward Jamaal Wilkes, and forward Marques Johnson.
The best player to emerge from UCLA was center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who was born Lew
Alcindor. Abdul-Jabbar led UCLA to three straight NCAA titles from 1967 to 1969. As a
professional he led the Milwaukee Bucks to an NBA title in 1971, and he led the Los Angeles
Lakers to five NBA titles in the 1980s (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988). Known for his famous sky-
hook shot, Abdul-Jabbar played 20 seasons in the NBA and retired as the league's leading career
scorer, with 38,387 points.

For two decades after its founding, the NBA was the only major professional basketball
league. But in 1967 the American Basketball Association (ABA) was formed. The league became
known for the flashy playing style it encouraged and the distinctive red, white, and blue basketballs
it used. The ABA convinced several NBA players to switch leagues, often for lucrative contracts.
Probably the best player in the ABA was guard and forward Julius Erving, who later starred in the
NBA. The ABA disbanded in 1976, with several of its teams joining the NBA.

In the late 1970s, the NBA experienced difficulty: The game was perceived as dull, the
league's ticket sales decreased, revenue declined, and television ratings were as low as they had
ever been. In March 1979, however, two collegiate players, forward Larry Bird of Indiana State
University and guard Magic Johnson of Michigan State University, helped revive public interest in
basketball. The two players, the stars of their teams, faced each other in the 1979 NCAA
championship game, won by Michigan State. Both players went on to have distinguished NBA
careers. In the 1980s Bird helped revitalize the Boston Celtics franchise, leading the team to three
NBA titles (1981, 1984, 1986). Johnson did the same in Los Angeles, as he and Abdul-Jabbar
guided the Lakers to five NBA championships.

In the late 1980s the Detroit Pistons emerged as a powerhouse team, featuring stars
such as guard Isiah Thomas and forward Dennis Rodman. Detroit reached the NBA Finals in 1988,
1989, and 1990, capturing the title during the latter two years. Increased interest in the professional
game carried over to collegiate basketball as well, as the NCAA tournament became more popular
than ever.

Dramatic changes in women's basketball occurred in the late 1960s. In 1966 unlimited
dribbling became legal, and in 1969 the first five-player full-court game was played. The five-player
form became the official game in women's basketball in 1971. Women's basketball is now played
with virtually the same rules, regulations, and styles as men's basketball, although the women use
a slightly smaller ball at many levels, including college. With the changes of the late 1960s,
women's basketball began a period of tremendous growth, and in 1971 the Association for
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Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was founded, offering a national college basketball
tournament for women.

The women’s game gained strength in the late 1970s after a law called Title IX was
increasingly enforced, helping strengthen women's basketball programs. The law, passed as part
of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, prohibited discrimination on the basis of gender in
educational institutions receiving federal aid, meaning that women's athletic programs had to be
treated as equal to men's programs. In 1978 the AIAW championship was televised, and the same
year a professional league called the Women's Basketball League (WBL) made its debut.
Featuring eight teams, the league lasted three years. The AIAW disbanded in 1982, but that same
year the NCAA held its first national championship for women. Three years later, in 1985, the
Basketball Hall of Fame began inducting female coaches, players, and contributors. These
inductees include important pioneers such as Ann Meyers, who was the first woman to receive a
collegiate athletic scholarship; Carol Blazejowski; Cheryl Miller; Anne Donovan; and Nancy
Lieberman-Cline.

In the 1990s interest in basketball at all levels continued to grow.

The most important figure in this growth was guard Michael Jordan, who
is considered by many to be the greatest player ever. Jordan's
exceptional basketball skills and flair for entertainment helped keep
basketball in the forefront of American culture as he led the Chicago
Bulls to six NBA championships (1991-1993, 1996-1998) and led the
league in scoring a record ten times. Other great players of the 1990s
included Hakeem Olajuwon, Scottie Pippen, Charles Barkley, David
Robinson, Karl Malone, John Stockton, and Shaquille O'Neal. Star
players of the women’s professional leagues included Cynthia Cooper,
Sheryl Swoopes, Teresa Edwards, Lisa Leslie, and Jennifer Azzi.
Beginning in the late 1980s, it became increasingly common for the best male collegiate
players to leave college before graduating, as they chose to enter the NBA draft hoping to play
professionally for large sums of money. The NBA, while affording young players this opportunity,
has tried to curtail this practice. In 1995 the league enacted a limit on the amount of money a
rookie could earn, called a rookie salary cap, hoping to discourage players from leaving school.

Following the 1997-98 season NBA owners and players could not agree on rules
regarding a salary cap and several other issues, and the NBA owners instituted a player lockout.
The dispute cancelled all league play until an agreement was reached in January 1999, resulting in
a strike-shortened, 50-game season followed by a regular playoff schedule and championship
series. Jordan announced his retirement from professional basketball after the labor dispute was
resolved. The San Antonio Spurs, led by David Robinson and Tim Duncan, won the 1999 NBA title.
The Los Angeles Lakers, featuring Shaquille O’Neal and Kobe Bryant, won the 2000 league
championship. Duncan and Bryant are part of the next generation of superstars that the league
hopes will carry on the legacy of past heroes such as Bird, Johnson, Barkley, and Jordan.

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Basketball Fundamentals
1. Run 5. Shoot
2. Jump 6. Pass
3. Slide 7. Catch
4. Pivot 8. Dribble

COURT DIAGRAM:
3-point Line Sideline

Baseline

Free Throw Line

Center Circle
Key

half court

Court Dimensions:

Length of court = Professional and College: 94 feet

High School: 84 - 94 feet (ASU is 90 feet long)
Width of court = 50 feet
Free Throw Line distance = 15 feet
3-Point Line distance: Professional = 23 feet, 6 inches (varies at spots on the court)
High school = 19 feet, 9 inches

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 Activity 1: The Team Sports That I Would Like to Know
More About
This activity allows you to share your knowledge about team sports which bring out your
expectations of the lesson, your prior knowledge and skills, and the basic team sport you want to
learn more about.

Here are your tasks:

1. Study the following K-W-L chart. Under the K column, write five things you already know
about your chosen team sport. Under the W column, write five things you want to know
more about. Don’t write anything yet on the L column. Do this in your activity workbook.
2. Share the things KNOW and the things you WANT to KNOW with the class or your friends,
relatives and family members.
3. After the sharing, submit your paper to the teacher. Then, execute the following skills:
a. Do four jumping jacks.
b. Catch a passed ball in the 3-point line
c. Dribble the ball in a zigzag pattern as you approach the ring.
d. Do a lay-up or jump shot.
4. If your school has a whole basketball court, your class will be divided into two groups. Your
teacher will designate groups to do the activity in half of the court while the other group
does the same in the other half court.

Name: Course & Section:

K W L
What you KNOW What you WANT to know What You’ve LEARNED
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.

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Lesson 2
Areas of the Basketball Court

- 1 and 2 denote “Elbow” areas of the basketball court

- 3 and 4 denote “Wing” areas of the basketball court
- 5 denotes the “Free Throw” line
- 6 denotes the “Arc” or what is commonly known as the 3-pt. line in pro basketball
- 7 denoted as the “Post”

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Playing Regulations
A game of basketball is made up of four different quarters, each ten (or in the National
Basketball Association, 12) minutes long. In the NCAA, or National Collegiate Athletic Association,
there are 2, 20-minute halves. At the start of every game the referee throws the basketball up in
the air, and one player from each team tries to hit it to their teammates, that is called a "jump ball."
At the start of each quarter the team who has the possession arrow pointing towards their hoop
gets the ball. Then the arrow is switched, and the next team gets the ball next quarter.
After four quarters, the team who scores the most points wins. If the two teams score the same
number of points, there is a five-minute "overtime" to see who can score more points. "Overtime"
can be played over and over until one team finally scores more points.
While playing the game, players on one team try to stop players on the other team from scoring.
Each normal score is worth two points; however, if a player throws the ball into the hoop from
behind the large arced line on the court, called the "3-point line," the score is worth three points.
If a player does something illegal in the game, it is called a "foul." If a player fouls someone on the
other team who is shooting the basketball, the player who was fouled gets to shoot "free throws"
from the "foul line." A free throw is a shot that no one is allowed to try to block. Each successful
free throw is worth one point.
If a player fouls an opponent who is not shooting, the other team gets the ball, and can throw it in
bounds from the sideline. Players can do three things with the ball: "dribble" (bounce) the ball,
"pass" the ball to a teammate, or "shoot" the ball at the hoop. The player with the ball tries to keep
the ball and not let the other team get it.
Once a player commits five fouls, he is no longer allowed to play in the game, and a player on the
bench must go in the game immediately.

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Officials
In a game of basketball, there are a number of officials who are not from either team, who
are there to help. Officials are important to the game, and help it run efficiently. Here is a list of
some of these people:

 Umpire There are either one or two or three or four or five umpires in a game of basketball.
It is the umpires' job to make the game fairer by enforcing the rules of the game. The umpires
take into consideration the spirit and intent of the player before making any call. In the NBA
and WNBA, the term "umpire" is not used; the person who has this role is called the referee.
 Referee The use of this word varies between rule sets.
o Under the rules of FIBA (the worldwide governing body for the sport), the NCAA
(U.S. college basketball), and NFHS (U.S. high schools), there is one referee in a game of
basketball. He is the "head" umpire. The referee has all the jobs of the umpires along with
a couple more responsibilities. He is also the one that makes the final decision for most
problems and is the one who throws the ball up for the tip off the start of the match.
o The first ever recorded female referee is Isabelle Johnson from Melbourne.
o The first ever recorded male referee is Campbell Grech from Melbourne.
 Time Keeper There is one timekeeper whose job is to keep track of the time and to tell the
umpires when time for each quarter has run out. He is also in control of adding the scores onto
the scoreboard.
 Scorekeeper There is one scorekeeper whose job is to keep track of and record all points
scored, shots attempted, fouls made and timeouts called.
 Assistant Scorekeeper There is one assistant scorekeeper in a game of basketball. his job
is to assist the scorekeeper, by telling him the players who score points, and to hold up a
number for each foul called, showing everyone the number of fouls, the specified player has
for the game.
 Shot Clock Operator There is one shot clock operator and his job are to keep resetting and
holding the device when needed or told to by an umpire. This person needs to have good
reflexes and quickness, as he has to quickly reset the timer when the game resumes.

Fans and media in North America will often use "referee" to describe all on-court officials, whether
their formal titles are "referee", "umpire", or "crew chief".

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Basketball Referee Signals

There are “Fouls” and there are “Violations” Fouls are caused by physical contact (holding,
pushing), or actions (acting out like you are going to hit another player but you don’t) or even
extreme abusive yelling or cussing (technical foul). Violations are actions by players that break a
basketball rule – such as traveling, stepping on the line, and back court.

Foul (Closed Fist) Violation (Open Fist)

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Types of Personal Fouls:

Holding Foul – A “Holding Foul” occurs when a defender holds, grabs, or pulls an offensive
player (it doesn’t matter if the offensive player has possession of the ball or not).

Pushing Foul – A “Pushing Foul” occurs when a defender pushes an offensive player or
bumps into the body of an offensive player.

Illegal Use of Hands Foul – This is a foul called when a defender slaps, hacks, or smacks
an offensive player with the ball.

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 Blocking Foul – A “Blocking Foul” occurs when a defender uses their body and makes
contact with an offensive player with the ball (could be in the form of running into the player, or
setting an illegal screen, etc.)

Charging Foul (Charge) / Player Control Foul – A “Charging Foul” occurs when an
offensive player runs into (or over) a defensive player who already has position (the defender must
first establish position). Other types of player control fouls are when a dribbler uses an elbow and
hits a defender, or excessive physical contact by an offensive post player trying to gain position.

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 Personal Foul Penalties:

Shooting Foul (2 Point Shot) – If a player gets “fouled” while in the act of shooting, the
player gets to shoot free throw(s). If the shot is made – the player gets to shoot 1 free throw, you
will hear this called “And 1.” If the shot is not made and a foul is called – the player gets to shoot 2
free throws.

Shooting Foul (3 Point Shot) – If a player gets “fouled” while in the act of shooting a 3-
point shot, the player gets to shoot free throw(s). If the shot is made – the player gets to shoot 1
free throw (which could turn out to be a 4-point play). If the shot is not made and a foul is called –
the player shoots 3 free throws.

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Non-Shooting Fouls / Team Fouls:

Non-Shooting Fouls: If an offensive player is fouled while not in the act of shooting the
ball, the ball stays in possession with the team that the foul was committed on (they will get to
inbound the ball out of bounds at the nearest sideline or baseline). When inbounding the ball, the
team with possession will have 5 seconds to pass the ball in to another teammate on the court. All
fouls – including shooting fouls and non-shooting fouls add up and are counted as team fouls.
Offensive fouls (player control fouls) do not count as a team foul. Team Fouls: Team fouls are the
combined number of fouls that all the players on a team commit during one half of play. The fouls
are totaled up and logged in by the scorekeeper in the official score book. When a team reaches 7
fouls, their opponent will get to shoot free throws – this is called a “one and one.” The player
shooting the free throws gets to shoot 1 free throw, if they make it, they get to shoot another (one
and one), if they miss the first free throw, they don’t get to shoot the second free throw. When a
team reaches 7+ team fouls, their opponent is said to be in the “bonus” (and will start shooting free
throws after getting fouled).
When a team reaches 10 (or more) fouls, their opponent will automatically get to shoot 2
free throws. At half time the team fouls from the first half of the game are “zeroed” out, and team
fouls are totaled all over again during the second half of the game.

Important Note: Offensive fouls do not count towards team fouls (so when an offensive
player happens to commit an offensive foul, the defense will not get to shoot free throws).

Types of Violations:

Traveling (also called Walking or Walk) – If a ball handler takes too many steps while
dribbling the referee can call a violation (considered a turnover by the player and the possession of
the ball goes to the other team). Also, if a player has stopped dribbling and moves their pivot foot –
this is also considered a traveling (or walking) violation.

Violation / Traveling, Walking

Double Dribble (Illegal Dribble) – A dribbling violation occurs when a player stops
dribbling and then attempts to dribble again or if a player attempts to dribble the ball with 2 hands.

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 Violation / Double Dribble

Backcourt (Backcourt violation) – Once the Offensive team has passed the half court line,
they cannot: a) dribble and/or b) pass back over the half court line. If this occurs, a “Backcourt”
violation will be called by the referee and possession of the ball will go to the other team.

Offense is going in this direction

Back Court Violation Signal

Inbound Pass Violation (5-Second Violation) – There are time restrictions that a player
has when the ref hands them the ball to pass the ball into play. The player passing in the ball has
five seconds to pass the ball in to another player. If the player fails to pass the ball in within 5
seconds, the ref will blow the whistle (5-second violation), and the ball is awarded to the other
team.

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 5-Second Violation Signal

8 Second Violation – When your opponent makes a basket, your team has 10 seconds to
get the ball in play and past the half court line – if your team fails to do this within 10 seconds, the
ball is awarded to the other team.

Three/ Five Second Violation – An offensive player cannot remain in the “paint” area for
more than 3 or 5 seconds (depending on the division), if the Ref happens to spot an offensive
player in the paint area for more than 3 seconds, the whistle will blow, and the other team will get
possession of the ball.

Jump Ball (also called Tie Up or Held Ball) – When an offensive player and a defensive
player gain possession of the ball at the same time – the referee will blow the whistle. The referee
will then look at the possession arrow (at the scorers table) and award possession to the team that
the direction is pointing (possession is on a rotating basis).

Out of Bounds Designation – When the ball goes out of bounds (for any reason), or a
player with possession of the ball steps out of bounds – the referee will designate the spot where
the ball went out of bounds.
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 Official Basketball Signal

Referees should focus on 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 (Continue to next page…..)

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 Violations

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 Activity 2: Can You Meet My Expectations?
This activity will clarify what is expected of you in terms of products and performance and
how these shall be assessed and rated at the end of the lesson.

The following are the expected outputs:

Product: Create a journal containing pictures of your family showing your engagement in team
sports. Indicate dates, places, and a short description (caption) of each picture. Include a final
essay about the benefits your family derived from engaging in team sports.

If gathering these pictures is difficult, you may collect cut-out magazine pictures of families
engaged in team sports. Includes these pictures or cut-outs in your journal and write captions or an
essay that will clarify your ideas about the saying. “The Family that Plays Together, Lives Longer”.

Criteria for Assessment:

 Content / relevance of picture presented
 Creativity and resourcefulness of presentation
 Understanding (benefits of team sports to family fitness and wellness)
Performance: Demonstrate your understanding of team sports by proficiently doing the skills and
following the basic rules in basketball through actual participation in game. This will be done
through a mini-tournament within your class.

Criteria for Assessment:

 Proficiency in executing skills in the team sports
 Ability to adapt or use skills in certain sport situations
 Behavior while playing the team sport

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Lesson 3
Positions in Basketball

Point Guards and Shooting Guards usually operate in areas 1-6

Power Forwards and Centers usually operate in areas 3, 4, and predominantly 7
Small Forwards mainly operate in areas 3, 4, and 6

The point guard (PG), also known as the one, is typically the team's best ball handler and
passer. They usually are very fast and are good at driving and short range Therefore, they often
lead their team in assists and are able to create shots for themselves and their
teammates. They are often quick and are able to hit shots either outside the key but inside the 3-
point line or layups, largely depending on the player's skill level. Point guards are looked upon as
the "floor general" or the "coach on the floor".

The shooting guard (SG) is also known as the two or the off guard. Along with the small
forward, a shooting guard is often referred to as a wing because of its use in common positioning
tactics. As the name suggests, most shooting guards are prolific from the three-point range and
long mid-range. Besides being able to shoot the ball, shooting guards tend to be the best defender
on the team, as well as being able to move without the ball to create open looks for themselves.
Some shooting guards also have good ball handling skills, often creating their own shots off the
dribble.

The small forward (SF), also known as the three, is considered to be the most versatile of
the main five basketball positions. Versatility is key for small forwards because of the nature of their
role, which resembles that of a shooting guard more often than that of a power forward. This is why
the small forward and shooting guard positions are often interchangeable and referred to as wings.

The power forward (PF), also known as the four, often plays a role similar to that of
the center, down in the "post" or "low blocks." The power forward is often the team's most powerful
and dependent scorer, being able to score close to the basket while also being able to shoot mid-
range jump shots from 10 - 15 feet from the basket.

The center (C), also known as the five, usually plays near the baseline or close to the
basket (the "low post"). They are usually the tallest players on the floor. The center usually scores
"down low," or "in the paint" (near the basket, in the key), but some can be good perimeter
shooters. They are typically skilled at gathering rebounds, contesting shots and setting screens on
players. Also known as a block.
The center position has been traditionally considered one of the most important positions,
if not the most important. The range of players used in the position has transitioned from relatively
slower but much taller "back to the basket" players to players who would normally be classified as
power forwards but can dominate the position with their defensive skills, or mismatch ability to
shoot from the high post. This has been due to the scarcity of players possessing the combination
of great skill, ideal height, and durability.

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Defense

There are 2 main types of defenses in basketball

- Man to Man
- Zone Defense

Man Defense: A defense used when a team has skilled athletes that match up well against
opponents in terms of strength, speed, and height. In this defense, a person usually guards one
player on the opposing team for the duration of the game.

Zone Defense: A defense used to “hide” weak defenders due to an inability to match up well with
opponents in the areas of strength, speed, or height. In this defense, a person usually guards an
“area” called a zone as opposed to a specific player from the opposing team. If a player from the
opposing team enters your zone, then you pick up that player as your defensive responsibility.

Types of Zone: In our class we covered 3 types of zones. Please note that the first number
signifies the number of players playing near the perimeter, and the second number signifies the
number of players playing near the post area or close to the basket.

2-2 zone – A balanced zone with 2 players guarding up front (around the elbow areas) the
perimeter players and 2 players down in the post guarding the forwards or centers. Use this zone
if your team has a good balance of short and tall players

3-1 zone – A zone that places 3 defensive players up front (around the elbow areas) to pressure an
offensive team that features small, quick guards with few tall players. The last player in the zone
will guard the post.

1-3 zone – A zone that places 3 defensive players down in the post area or close to the basket and
1 player near the perimeter. Use this zone if your team is comprised of shorter players that often
face teams full of tall players such as Power Forwards and Centers.

Press Defense: A simple variation of Man Defense in which all players on defense simply apply
more pressure on the team playing offense by guarding each player more tightly. The drawback of
the Press Defense is that teams with good dribbling guards may be able to get past defenders with
greater ease.

Trap Defense: A variation of both Man and Zone Defenses. A “trap” is essentially a double team
of a specific player on offense. This variation of defense is used to neutralize an opponent’s best
scorer. The drawback to this defense is that it essentially exposes your team for a mismatch in a
different part of the court should the player being trapped safely passes the ball out of the trap.

Objective of Defense: The objective is to essentially shadow a player on offense move for move
and make his/her shot attempt more difficult without fouling the player on offense. Short players
are better off trying to block or steal when the player on offensive is setting up for a shot. A tall
player is better off trying to block a shot at the peak of the shooting position of the player
attempting the shot.

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Charging Fouls: This is essentially a violation of running over a player on defense when the
defensive player is not moving and has set his/her position. This is an offensive foul.

Blocking Foul: Essentially the opposite of what a charging call is as the defensive player this time
is moving and has not set his/her position. This is a defensive foul.

Point Scoring

Boys: 1 pt. for a regular shot and 2 pts for an outside shot from the arc.
Girls: Worth double the boy’s scoring system

Basketball Play Diagrams

- The symbol X denotes a player on defense

- The symbol O denotes a player on offense
Player positional numbers

- 1 denotes the Point Guard

- 2 denotes the Shooting Guard
- 3 denotes the Small Forward
- 4 denotes the Power Forward
- 5 denotes the Center

- The symbol X or O with a subscript such as 1-5 will denote whether the player is on
offense or defense with the added description of the player’s position

Example: X1 will denote a player on defense that plays the Point Guard position. 03 will denote a
player on offense that plays the Small Forward position.

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The Offensive Side of Basketball

The offensive side of basketball is often considered to be harder to teach and execute in
comparison to the defensive side of basketball. Also, to be considered a great basketball team
such team must exhibit a good balance between both defense and offense. Failure to have
strengths in both areas results in an imbalanced team.

Basketball is a game of movement where players must constantly move around to exploit
weaknesses in the defense of the opposing team and create potential mismatches or
disadvantages. If a team fails to move on offense, this will result in a stagnant offense that
becomes predictable despite the team potentially having a great offensive player.

How do you create movement on Offense?

There are three ways to create movement by using cuts

- The first is the use of the “L” cut

- The second is the use of the “V” cut
- The third is the use of a “Backdoor” Cut

Here are diagrams of how the cuts look like in diagram form

L Cut V Cut

Backdoor Cut

Screens

In class we covered 3 main types of screens

- The first was the Ball Screen

- The second was the Off-Ball Down Screen

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 - The third was the Off-Ball Back Screen

Screens are an essential offensive skill that is used to “free” up the guards from good defenders
and create mismatches with tall players like a Power Forward or a Center. The screens are an
important element to setting up the most basic offensive plays in basketball: The Pick and Roll and
the Pick and Pop

In diagram form a screen will look like this:

Pick and Roll/Pop

The Pick and Roll is predominantly used between 1 or 2 with a 4 or 5. The 4 or 5’s is in charge of
setting the picks for the 1 or 2’s. The pick or screen commonly used is the ball screen. Once the
pick has been set and the 1 or 2 has passed around the pick, the 4 or 5 will roll to the basket for an
easy shot.

The Pick and Pop is much like the Pick in Roll with the exception that the 4 or 5 will pop out for an
outside shot instead of rolling towards to the basket for an inside shot.

Rule of Thumb for Pick and Roll and Pick and Pop

- Use the Pick and Roll if your big guys are not good at outside shooting
- Use the Pick and Pop if your big guys are good at shooting from the outside and are
overplaying the Point Guard or Shooting Guard

Give and Go

An easy skill used mainly between any 2 players on offense. The play starts with the player
handling the ball giving up or passing the ball to a teammate on the side. The player who gave up
the ball then executes a quick backdoor cut to the basket (this is the “go” part of the play). Finally,
the player with the ball then quickly passes the ball back to the player on the “go” for an easy
basket.

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BASIC RULES:
1. The team that scores the most points wins the game. One point is scored by making a
free throw, two
points are awarded for a successful shot from inside the three-point line, and three
points are earned
by making a shot from further than the three-point line.
2. The game is timed and divided into quarters or halves, depending on the level.
3. Each team has five players on the court at the start of each game. Substitutes may
enter the game
during stopped time only.
4. To advance the ball up the court, players may pass it to their teammates or dribble it.
5. If the ball goes out of bounds, a member of the team that did not last touch the ball
inbounds it from
the spot it went out of bounds.

MORE DETAILED RULES

VIOLATIONS:
- Violation = a breaking of the rules (referee blows whistle and signals with open hand
above his head) which results in the opponent gaining possession of the ball.
1. "Double Dribble": 1) Dribble, stop, dribble again 2) Dribble with two hands
2. "Traveling/Walking": Picking up pivot foot without dribbling (taking steps w/o dribbling)

Time Violations:
1. 3 seconds = to get out of the key when on offense--count stops when the ball is shot or
when a player gets out of the key (* Rule was instituted in 1944 to decrease the dominance of large
players in the game.
2. 5 seconds = A. To inbound the ball, B. To pass or dribble when closely guarded--
count is broken when the ball is passed, dribbled, or picked up from a dribble
3. 10 seconds = A. To cross half court, B. To shoot a free throw

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 4. Shot clock = 24 for professional, 30 for women's, 35 for men's college and high school,
younger than high school = no shot clock.
5. Line violations = stepping over lines early on free throws, inbounding, or back court.

FOULS:
Contact that hinders the opponents' ability to play the game (referee blows whistle
and signals with a closed fist above his head)
1. Shooting-when a player is hit while shooting (2 or 3 shots awarded)
2. Common- offensive player fouled when not shooting (possession awarded unless 7 th or
more fouls occurred in the half, in which case shots are awarded- one and one, two shots if 10 or
more fouls)
3. Offensive- also called charging and player control foul = offensive player with ball runs
over defensive player.
4. Technical/Flagrant/Intentional = unsportsmanlike conduct or excessively hard foul.

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 Activity 3: Fill-in the Missing Components
In this activity, your prior knowledge on specific team sports will be diagnosed and
pre-assessed. Here are your tasks:
1. The following table has three columns namely: team sports, basic skills, and
components of physical fitness involved in performing the basic skills.
2. The team sports at the first column have already been provided with the respective
basic skills. Identify the components of physical fitness involved in performing the
respective skills. Write your answers in the given column.
Name: Course&Section:
Team sports Basic Skills Components of Physical Fitness
Involved
Basketball Running
Jumping
Dribbling
Rebounding
Sliding
Volleyball Spiking
Jumping
Tossing
Serving
Dig
Blocking

Essay: Is team sports affect your optimum growth and developments? Explain (5points)
Write your answer below:

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Lesson 4
BASKETBALL SKILLS INFORMATION
I. DRIBBLING
1. Stay low: bend your legs into an athletic stance and dribble the ball low (waist level or below).
2. Firm dribble in fingers: do not slap at the ball or use the palm of your hand.
3. Keep your head up: There is no reason to look down at the ball. You should be viewing the
court to see the
location of your teammates and the defense.
4. Protect the ball: Use your body and opposite arm to protect the ball from the defense (arm bar).

II. PASSING
1. Chest Pass:
Thumbs start on top of the ball and rotate underneath to create backspin.
Begin pass in front of chest and make pass to teammates chest.

2. Bounce Pass:
Thumbs start beneath the ball and rotate to top of ball to create topspin.
Bounce ball about halfway between you and the receiver.

3. Overhead Pass:
Like a soccer throw-in, with two hands above the head.
Throw to receiver's chest.

4. Baseball pass:
Thrown like throwing a baseball or football.
Should only be used for length of the court passes.

5. Wrap Around Pass:

Used when a defender is in the way.
Use pivot foot to step around the defender.

* ALL PASSES:
Begin in a stance with bent legs so legs can push and create POWER!
Begin with two hands on the ball.

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III. SHOOTING
Feet: Shoulder width apart.
Strong foot slightly in front of the other.
Legs: Bend down and stick the butt out.
Arm forms a "shooting pocket" (backward "C")
Ball in the fingers of one hand.
Opposite arm just guides ball into the shooting spot.
Shoot in rhythm and follow through by "putting your hand in the basket".

IV. STANCE
As wide as possible while still comfortable.
Keep heel to toe relationship with front foot to back foot.
Legs: Bent as if sitting in a stool behind you.
Back straight.
Head up.
One hand in front of body in "dig" position, while the other hand is in the passing lane in
"windshield wiper" position.

V. DEFENSE
Two types:
1. Man to man
Stay between your man and the basket at all types.
Play as a team and help each other.
2. Zone
Each person is responsible for an area, rather than an individual.

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Basketball Terminologies

There are some basketball terms that players have to understand when playing the game.
Here are some terms:

 Draft pick is an eligible player selected to play for one of thirty teams in the NBA
 Free throw is a basketball throw from the free-throw line from either personal,
technical, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying fouls. Each free-throw made is worth one point. The
number of free-throws attempted are determined by the following:
o missed field goal and a drawn foul will result in 2 free throws
o made field goal and a drawn foul will result in 1 free throw
o missed 3-point attempt and a drawn foul will result in 3 free throws
o made 3-point attempt and a drawn foul will result in 1 free throw
o unsportsmanlike foul will result in 2 free throws and the same team's possession.
(In all North American rule sets, this foul is called a "flagrant foul", with the same penalty.)
o technical foul will result in 2 free throws and the same team's possession. (In the
NBA and WNBA, technical fouls result in 1 free throw instead of 2.)
 Field goal is any made shot in normal play. Field goals are worth 2 points, unless the
shooter was outside the three-point line, in which case it is worth 3 points.
 Personal foul is any contact, committed by a player of the other team, thought, by the
umpires, to have caused a disadvantage.
 Technical foul is a violation of certain basketball rules. They include:
o fighting or threatening to fight with another person
o entering the basketball court when it is not a substitution time
o a player being out of bounds (away from the court) to gain an advantage
o having too many players play on the court
o refusing to sit on the bench
o returning to play when a player is disqualified (loses his privileges to play).
o yelling and/or swearing at another player or an official.
 Rebound is the act of catching the basketball after a shot has been attempted, but missed.
 Assist is to pass a teammate the ball, which then the teammate immediately shoots into
the basketball ring successfully. 2-3 dribbles are allowed after catching the ball for assist to be
counted.
 Steal is to take the ball away from a person who is dribbling, shooting or passing without
physically touching the person (committing a foul).
 Turnover is when the team that controls the ball loses control and the other team gains
control.
 Walkover is the automatic victory of a team if the opposing team withdraws, is disqualified
or there is not any competition at all.
 Substitution is the act of replacing a player from the court to another player sitting on the
bench.
 Double dribble is when a player dribbles the ball and picks it up and then dribbles it again
without having shot or passed it. Dribbling the ball with two hands is also a double dribble. If a
player double dribbles, the ball is automatically given to the other team.
 Carry is when a player physically turns the ball over with their hands whilst dribbling it.

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 Travel is when a player in possession of the ball moves both feet without dribbling the ball.
If a player travels, the ball is automatically given to the opposing team.
 Shot clock is a clock designed to limit the time a team has to shoot a basketball. The shot
clock is different in different leagues, but it is usually between 24 seconds and 35 seconds.
After time runs out, the ball is automatically given to the opposing team unless they shot,
before the clock runs out, and hit the rim or the ball enters the basket.
 Substitute (subs) is when a player on the bench swaps for a player on the court. The
player on the bench is allowed to play and the player sits on the bench.
 Jump ball happens at the start of every game. This is where the ball gets thrown up from
the center circle and one person from each team jumps for it, aiming to hit it to one of his team
mates.
 Alternating possession at the start of the game there is a jump ball. Whichever team "wins"
the jump ball gets the arrow pointed towards their goal. Each time the rules mention it the ball
gets given to the team who is trying to score in the direction of the arrow and the arrow gets
turned.
 Clutch is a shot made at a difficult moment in the game, usually when the shot clock is
about to run out or the team, losing by 1 or 2 points, suddenly wins the game, because of the
clutch shot.
 Backcourt violation is when a player crosses the half-court line and walks backwards over
the line while in possession of the ball, or passes to another player who is behind the half-court
line. Note that this rule does not apply if a defensive player taps the ball, and it goes beyond
the half-court line, and the offensive player retrieves it in the "backcourt".
 3-second violation is when a player stands in the lane (an area marked by the big square
in front of the basket) for more than 3 seconds. The offensive team that commits a 3-second
violation will lose the possession of the ball. The defensive team that commits a 3-second
violation will receive a technical foul.
 8- or 10-second violation is when the team with the ball fails to advance the ball past the
center line within the allowed time. The offensive team will lose possession. The allowed time
is 8 seconds in international play, the NBA, and WNBA, and 10 seconds in college and high
school play for both males and females. Women's college basketball was the last level of
basketball to add this violation, only doing so for the 2013–14 season.

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 Activity 4

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37 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 Chapter 2

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILO’S)

VOLLEYBALL

At the end of the lesson students should be able to:

• Define and identify the individual and dual sports and how they are played;

• Create tournament formats;

• Internalize the history and origin of the sport.

• Identifies fundamental concepts, principles, skills and mechanics of sports officiating.

• Interprets rules of the sport.

• Values the importance of understanding sports officiating leading towards a career

• Define and identify volleyball and how it is played;

• Appreciate how volleyball can create camaraderie and develop holistic health;

• Demonstrate competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to successfully

participate in a volleyball game.

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Lesson 1
SPORTS OFFICIATING
A system of managing sports, specifically the implementation of the game rules and
regulations, and keeping order in the duration of the game.

CODE OF ETHICS
When we register as officials, and volunteer to work at events, we agree to uphold these
values, and follow the related guidelines listed in each section.
1. Be a Benefit and Cause No Harm
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Be Accurate and Responsible

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Be supportive of other participants and loyal to our Sport Organizations.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Act with Integrity

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. Act with Fairness

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

6. Show Respect for Participants’ Rights and Dignity

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

7. Exhibit Professionalism
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

8. Model Appropriate Health Habits

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

9. Adhere to Legal Standards

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

10. Protect Vulnerable Persons

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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QUALITIES OF SPORTS OFFICIAL
The role of an official is very crucial in a sporting endeavor. He defines the success or
failure of a certain physical activity. It is therefore necessary for an official to possess a number of
qualities for him to meet the goal of having a satisfying, complain-free, impartial, and successful
game.

1. Physical Qualities
- Since an officiating official need to catch up with every detail of what the athletes or players do on
court, he needs to have a high level of fitness to be able to perform his job.
2. Emotional Qualities
- One thing officiating official should possess includes confidence. It is having belief in oneself.
Confidence can be situation-specific, but practicing it through actual game immersions and
observations of game officiating activities can help improve it.

3. Mental Qualities
- Mental toughness is the term used to refer to all of the qualities pertaining to one’s mental
preparations in officiating a game. To be mentally tough requires one to stay focused, regulate
one’s performance, ability to handle pressure, awareness and control of thoughts and feelings and
one’s command and control of the environment. This can be achieved by having a thorough
knowledge on the rules of the game, alertness, vigilance which result to timely, decisive, honest
and impartial judgment. Decisiveness results to integrity of the result of the game leading to a
satisfying result and acceptance of success and failure for both competition teams and players.

4. Social Qualities
- Is the ability to deal with others at any given situation. It is the ability of an officiating official to
settle disputes without sacrificing the integrity of a game and the officiating team.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SPORTS OFFICIALS

SPORTS OFFICIALS
General Statement of Duties: Acts in one of the following capacities: umpire, referee, scorer or
timer at sports activities or ball games.

Tournament officials are in charge of officiating the event. They have an in-depth knowledge about
the sport. The responsibilities of tournament officials include:
Enforcing the rules and regulations of the game;
 Ensuring that the game is played safely and in order (i.e. prevent confrontation of players
or teams; check uniforms and equipment’s compliance with safety rules; and issues
warnings and corresponding penalties or ejection);
 Inspecting the safety of the field or facility;
 Managing time;
 Communicating properly to the coaches and players the rules and regulations of the game.

40 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 V O L L E Y B A L L

What is the game all about?

 Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net.

The objective of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the opponent's
court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent.

 The team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the block contact).
 The ball is put in play with a service: hit by the server over the net to the opponents.
 The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes "out" or a team fails
to return it properly.
 In Volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the
receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players rotate one
position clockwise.

I. HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL
 William G. Morgan of Holyoke City, Massachusetts created a game called Mintonette in
1895.
 Dr. A. F. Halstead renamed Mintonette to Volleyball.
 Elwood S. Brown introduced it in the Philippines in 1910.
 It was first played as demonstration sport in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.
 In 1974, FIVB (Federation Internationale de Volleyball) which is the governing body
responsible for all forms of Volleyball on a global level was founded composing 14
countries (Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Netherlands, Hungary, Italy,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Uruguay, USA and Yugoslavia) met in Paris.

41 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
Lesson 2
II. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
1. Playing Area
- It includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and symmetrical.

a. The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which a

minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.
b. The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any obstructions.
It shall measure a minimum of 7 m in height from the playing surface.

Lines on the Playing Court

1. Boundary Lines
2. Center Line
3. Attack Line

Zones and Areas

1. Front Zone
2. Service Zone
3. Substitution Zone
4. Libero Replacement Zone
5. Warm-up Area
6. Penalty Area
2. Net
- It is placed vertically over the center line whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for men
and 2.24 for women.
- It is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 m long, made of 10 cm square black mesh.
- Two side bands are fastened vertically to the net a placed directly above each sideline.
- An antennae is a flexible rod which 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter. It is fastened at
the outer edge of each side band.

3. Posts
- The one that supports the net which are placed at a distance 0.50 – 1 m outside the
sidelines. They are 2. 55 m high and preferably adjustable.
- They were rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires.

4. Balls
- It shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside, made of rubber or a similar material.
- Its color may be a uniform light color or a combination of colors.
- Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280 grams.
- Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2.

42 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 DIAGRAM 1: DESIGN OF THE NET

43 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s

DIAGRAM 1: DESIGN
OF THE NET
 DIAGRAM 2: COURT LABELS

Direction: Identify the zone and areas

44 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 DIAGRAM 3: COURT LINES LABELS

45 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 DIAGRAM 4: PLAYERS POSITION AND ROTATION

46 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
Lesson 3
III. FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

1. SERVE
- The purpose of serving is to get the ball over the net to start the rally.
o Underarm Serve

o Overhand Serve

o Jump Serve

2. PASS (OR RETURN)

- The purpose of pass is to:
o Receive and control the ball after the opposition’s serve

o Prevent the opposition from winning the rally by preventing the ball from contacting
the ground (dig).
o Commence the process of establishing an attack opportunity

47 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 - Two types of pass:
o Forearm Pass (Underhand Pass/Dig)

o Overhead Pass (Set)

3. SPIKE
The purpose of spike is to win the rally by either grounding the ball in the opposition’s court
or causing the opposition to be unable to return the ball.

4. BLOCK
- The purpose of the block is to:
o Defend against the attack of the opposition by intercepting and repelling a spike;
o Win the rally by rebounding the ball unto the opposition court either grounding the
ball or causing the opposition to be unable to return the ball.

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Lesson 4
RULES AND REGULATIONS
 PARTICIPANTS

Team Composition
- For a match, a team may consist of up to 12 players, plus…
o Coaching Staff
o Medical Staff
- Only those listed on the score sheet may normally enter the Competition and take part in
the official warm up and in the match. Once the coach and the team captain have signed
the score sheet the recorded player cannot be changed.
- One of the players, other than the Libero, is the team captain, who shall be indicated in the
score sheet.

Player’s Equipment
- A player’s equipment consists of a jersey, short, socks and sport shoes.
- The color and the design of the jersey and shorts must be uniform for the team (except for
the Libero).
- Player’s jersey must be number from 1 to 20. Must be centered, placed in front and in back
of the uniform, with a contradicting color with the uniform.
- If a player wants to change his/her equipment, the 1 st referee may authorize on or more
players:
o To play barefoot;
o To change wet or damaged uniform with the same color;
o To play in training suits in cold weather with the same color.

Forbidden Objects
- It is forbidden to wear objects which may cause any forms of injury to the players.
- Players may wear eyeglasses or lenses at their own risk.
- Compression pads may be worn for protection.
 PLAYING FORMAT

To Score a Point
- A team score a point:

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 o by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent’s court;
o when the opponent team commits a fault;
o when the opponent team receives a penalty.
- A team commits a fault:
o When they make a playing action contrary to the rules.
o If two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is counted;
o If two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously, a DOUBLE
FAULT is called and the rally is replayed.
- Rally and Completed Rally
o A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment of the service hit by the
server until the ball is out of play.
o A completed rally is the sequence of playing actions which results in the award of
a point.
o If the serving team wins a rally, is scores a point and continues to serve.
o If the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and it must serve next.

To Win a Set
- A set (except the deciding 5th set) is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a
minimum lead of two points. In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two-point
lead is achieved (26-24; 27-25; etc…).

To Win the Match

- The match is won by the team that wins three sets.
- In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding 5th set is played to 15 points with a minimum lead of 2
points.

 STRUCTURE OF PLAY

The Toss
- Before the match, the 1st referee carries out a toss to decide upon the first service and the
sides of the court in the first set.
- The toss is taken in the presence of two team captains.
- The winner of the toss chooses either the right to serve or to receive or the side of the
court. Then, the loser takes the remaining choice.
- If a deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out.

Team Starting Line-Up

- There must always be six players per team in play.
- The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the players on the court. This
order must be maintained throughout the set.

Positions and Positional Fault

- At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team must be positioned within its own
court in the rotational order (except the server). (Refer to Diagram 4)
- After the service hit, the players may move around and occupy any position on their court
and the free zone.

50 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
 - A team commits a Positional Fault;
o When any player is not in his/her correct position at the moment the ball is hit by
the server which may lead to the following consequence of, the team is sanctioned
with a point and service to the opponent.

Rotation and Rotational Fault

- When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players rotate one position
clock-wise: the player in position 2 rotates to position 1 to serve, the player in position 1
rotates to position 6, etc.
- A team commits a Rotational Fault;
o When the SERVICE is not made according to the rotational order.
PLAYING ACTIONS
Ball In Play
- The ball is in play from the moment of the hit of the service authorized by the 1st referee.

Ball Out of Play

- The ball is out of play at the moment of the fault which is whistled by one of the referees; in
the absence of a fault, at the moment of the whistle.

Ball “IN”
- The ball is “in” if at any moment of its contact with the floor, some part of the ball touches
the court, including the boundary lines.

Ball “OUT”
- The ball is “out” when the part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the
boundary lines.

PLAYING THE BALL

Team Hits
A hit is any contact with the ball by a player in play.

- The team is entitled to a maximum of three hits (in addition to blocking), for returning the
ball. If more are used, the team commits the fault of “FOUR HITS”.
o Consecutive Contact
 A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively, except in blocking.
o Simultaneous Contact
 Two or three players may touch the ball at the same moment; it is counted
as two (or three) hits (with the exception of blocking).
o Assisted Hit
 Within the playing area, a player is not permitted to take support from a
team-mate to hit the ball, but if the player is about to commit a fault (touch
the net, cross the centerline) he/she may be stopped or held back by a
team-mate.

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Faults in Playing the Ball

- Four Hits: a team hits the ball four times before returning it.
- Assisted Hits: a player takes support from a team-mate or any structure/object in order to
hit the ball within the playing area.
- Catch: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from the hit.
- Double Contact: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the ball contacts various parts
of his/her body in succession.

PLAYING AT THE NET

Reaching Beyond the Net
- In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that he/she does not
interfere with the opponent’s play before or during the latter's attack hit.

Penetration Under the Net

- It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space under the net, provided that this does
not interfere with the opponent’s play.
- A player may enter the opponent's court after the ball goes out of play.

Contact With the Net

- Contact with the net by a player between the antennae, during the action of playing the
ball, is a fault.
- Players may touch the post, ropes, or any other object outside the antennae, including the
net itself, provided that it does not interfere with the play.

Player’s Fault at the Net

- A player touches the ball or an opponent in the opponent's space before or during the
opponent’s attack hit.
- A player interferes with the opponent's play while penetrating into the opponent’s space
under the net.
- A player interferes with play by;
o touching the net between the antennae or the antenna itself during his/her action
of playing the ball;
o using the net between the antennae as a support or stabilizing aid;
o creating an unfair advantage over the opponent by touching the net;
o making actions which hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to play the ball;
o catching/ holding on to the net.

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SERVICE
First Service of the Set
- The first service of the first set, as well as that of the deciding 5th set is executed by the
team determined by the toss.

Service Order
- After the first service in a set, the player to serve is determined as follows:
o when the serving team wins the rally, the player (or his/her substitute) who served
before, serves again;
o when the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and rotates
before actually serving.
Execution of the Service
- The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after being tossed or released
from the hand(s).
- Only one toss or release of the ball is allowed. Dribbling or moving the ball in the hands is
permitted.
- At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the server must not touch
the court (the end line included) or the floor outside the service zone.
- The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the 1st referee whistles for service.
- A service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled and repeated.

Screening
- The players of the serving team must not prevent their opponent, through individual or
collective screening, from seeing the server and the flight path of the ball.

Faults Made during the Service

o Serving Fault
- The server violates the service order or does not execute the service properly
leads to a change of service even if the opponent is out of position.
o Faults After the Service Hit
- The service becomes a fault after it was correctly hit when;
 touches a player of the serving team or fails to cross the net;
 goes “out”;
 passes over a screen

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Serving Faults and Positional Faults
- If the server makes a fault at the moment of the service hit (improper execution, wrong
rotational order, etc.) and the opponent is out of position, it is the serving fault which is
sanctioned.
- Instead, if the execution of the service has been correct, but the service subsequently
becomes faulty (goes out, goes over a screen, etc.), the positional fault has taken place
first and is sanctioned.

ATTACK HIT
Characteristics of Attack Hit
- All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the exception of service and
block, are considered as attack hits.
- An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of
the net or is touched by an opponent.
Restriction of the Attack Hit
- A front-row player may complete an attack hit at any height, provided that the contact with
the ball has been made within the player's own playing space. That is, no player is
permitted to complete an attack hit on the OPPONENT’S service, when the ball is in the
front zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.

Faults of the Attack Hit

- A player hits the ball within the playing space of the opposing team.
- A player hits the ball “out”.
- A back-row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of the hit
the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.
- A player completes an attack hit on the opponent's service, when the ball is in the front
zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.
- A Libero completes an attack hit if at the moment of the hit the ball is entirely higher than
the top of the net.
- A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming
from an overhand finger pass by a Libero in his/her front zone.

 BLOCK
Blocking
- Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the
opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net, regardless of the height of the ball
contact. Only front-row players are permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of the
contact with the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top of the net.
 Block Attempt
- The action of blocking without touching the ball.
 Complete Block
- A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker.

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 Collective Block
- Executed by two or three players close to each other and is completed when one of them
touches the ball.
Block Faults
- The blocker touches the ball in the OPPONENT’S space either before or simultaneously
with the opponent’s attack hit.
- A back-row player or a Libero completes a block or participates in a completed block.
- Blocking the opponent’s service.
- The ball is sent “out” off the block.
- The ball is sent “out” off the block.
- A Libero attempts an individual or collective block.
INTERRUPTIONS

Time Outs
- Time-out requests must be made by showing the corresponding hand signal, when the ball
is out of play and before the whistle for service. All requested time-outs last for 30
seconds.

Substitution
- A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the Libero or his/her replacement
player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters the game to occupy the position of
another player, who must leave the court at that moment.

 THE LIBERO PLAYER

Libero
- A defensive player who operates freely across the whole playing area.
- Only one Libero may be on court at any time.
- The Libero player(s) must wear a uniform which has a different dominant colour from any
colour of the rest of the team. The uniform must clearly contrast with the rest of the team.

Action Involving the Libero

- He/she is restricted to perform as a back-row player and is not allowed to complete an
attack hit from anywhere (including playing court and free zone) if at the moment of the
contact the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.
- He/she may not serve, block or attempt to block.

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GAME’S OFFICIALS
1. 1st Referee

- Standing on a referee's stand located at one end of the net on the opposite side to the
scorer.
- Directs the match from the start until the end. He/she has authority over all members of the
refereeing corps and the members of the teams.

2. 2nd Referee

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 - Standing outside the playing court near the post, on the opposite side of and facing the 1st
referee.
- Is the assistant of the 1st referee, but has also his/her own range of jurisdiction. Should the
1st referee become unable to continue his/her work, the 2nd referee may replace him/her.

3. Scorer
- He/she keeps the score sheet according to the rules.

4. Line Judges

- If only two-line judges are used, they stand at the corners of the court closest to the right
hand of each referee, diagonally at 1 to 2 m from the corner.
- Each one of them controls both the end line and side line on his/her side.
- The line judges perform their functions by using flags (40 x 40 cm) to indicate a violation.

57 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s
Lesson 5
OFFICIAL’s GESTURES AND HAND SIGNALS
 REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
Direction: Give relevant scenario of the official’s gesture and hand signal. Given the table below:
Name Diagram Give Relevant Scenario

-The 1st referee will

1. AUTHORIZATION TO authorize the player to
SERVE serve the ball towards the
- Move the hand to opponent’s court to start
indicate direction of the rally. The team who win
service the rally will automatically
get points.

2. CHANGE OF
COURTS
- Raise the forearms
front and back and twist
them around the body.

3. TIME-OUT
- Place the palm of one
hand over the fingers of
the other, held vertically
(forming a T) and then
indicate the requesting
team.

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 4. SUBSTITUTION
- Circular motion of the
forearms around each
other.

Name Diagram Relevant Rules

5a. MISCONDUCT
WARNING
- Show a yellow card for
warning.

5b. MISCONDUCT
PENALTY
- Show a red card for
penalty.

6. EXPULSION
- Show both cards jointly
for expulsion.

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 7. DISQUALIFICATION
- Show red and yellow
cards separately
for disqualification.

Name Diagram Relevant Rules

8. END OF MATCH
- Cross the forearms in
front of the chest, hands
open.

9. BALL NOT TOSSED

OR RELEASED AT THE
SERVICE HIT
- Lift the extended arm,
the palm of the hand
facing upwards.

10. DELAY IN SERVICE

- Raise eight fingers,
spread open.

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 11. BLOCKING FAULT
OR SCREENING
- Raise both arms
vertically, palms forward.

Name Diagram Relevant Rules

12. POSITIONAL OR
ROTATIONAL FAULT
- Make a circular motion
with the forefinger.

13. BALL “IN”

- Point the arm and
fingers toward the floor.

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 14. BALL “OUT”
- Raise the forearms
vertically, hands open,
palms towards the body.

15. CATCH
- Slowly lift the forearm,
palm of the hand facing
upwards.

Name Diagram Relevant Rules

16. DOUBLE CONTACT

- Raise two fingers,
spread open.

17. FOUR HITS

- Raise four fingers,
spread open.

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18. NET TOUCHED BY
PLAYER - SERVED
BALL FAILS TO PASS
TO THE OPPONENT
THROUGH CROSSING
SPACE
- Indicate the relevant
side of the net with the
corresponding hand.

19. REACHING
BEYOND THE NET
- Slowly lift the forearm,
palm of the hand facing
upwards.

Name Diagram Relevant Rules

20. ATTACK HIT FAULT

- Make a downward
motion with the forearm,
hand open.

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 21. PENETRATION
INTO THE OPPONENT
COURT
BALL CROSSING THE
LOWER SPACE OR
THE SERVER
TOUCHES THE COURT
(END LINE) OR
THE PLAYER STEPS
OUTSIDE HIS/HER
COURT AT THE
MOMENT OF THE
SERVICE HIT
- Point to the center line
or to the relevant line.

22. DOUBLE FAULT

AND REPLAY
- Raise both thumbs
vertically.

23. BALL TOUCHED

- Brush with the palm of
one hand the fingers
of the other, held
vertically.

24. DELAY WARNING /

DELAY PENALTY
- Cover the wrist with a
yellow card (warning)
and with a red card
(penalty).

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LINE JUDGES’ OFFICIAL FLAG SIGNALS

Name Diagram Relevant Rules

1. BALL “IN”
- Point down with flag.

2. BALL “OUT”
- Raise flag vertically

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 3. BALL TOUCHED
- Raise flag and touch the
top with the palm of the
free hand.

4. CROSSING SPACE
FAULTS, BALL TOUCHED
AN OUTSIDE OBJECT,
OR FOOT FAULT BY ANY
PLAYER DURING
SERVICE
- Wave flag over the head
and point to the antenna
or the respective line.

5. JUDGEMENT
IMPOSSIBLE
- Raise and cross both
arms and hands in front of
the chest

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References

Renato P. Benavinte, Jr., Francis A. Domingo, Jose P. Doria, Jr., Hildo C. Estabillo, Jr., Reynaldo
G. Julian, Gerard L. Lappay, Nanette Kay D. Mercado, Naida C. Pabelico, Mark S. Camiling,
Salome S. Corpuz, Aiza Beatrice M. Gutierrez, Judith L. Javier, Carolina L. Manalaysay,
Bernadette B. Rosaroso, and Johannsen C. Yap

Basketball Weblinks

Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYx6AsanW8U

MJ and defensive stance basics

Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=ByWl3e4JKq8&feature=related

Example of the Pick and Roll

Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=yuUWYPoRAis&feature=related

Pick and Roll Instructional #1

Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=8-8yJJq_Ass&feature=related

Pick and Roll Instructional #2

Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ta2eb1OeeE&feature=related

Give and Go
Retrieved from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu8JCLupONw

Pick and Pop

Retrieved from: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball
Retrieved from:https://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-Rules/documents/FIVB-Volleyball_Rules_2017-
2020-EN-v06.pdf
Retrieved from:
http://assets.ngin.com/attachments/document/0109/5058/Basketball_Referee_Signals.pdf

67 | P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n 4 M a j o r T e a m S p o r t s