UNIT-5

Cloud Database
Part-2 of Unit 5
Contents
◦ Cloud Database- Operational
Model for Cloud
Database, Types of Cloud Database

◦ Cloud File System- Distributed

File System Basics,
Concept of GFS and HDFS, Comparison of
Features
 Cloud Database
A cloud database is a database service built and accessed
through a cloud platform.
It serves many of the same functions as a traditional database
with the added flexibility of cloud computing.

Key features:
◦ A database service built and accessed through a cloud
platform
◦ Enables enterprise users to host databases without buying
dedicated hardware.
◦ There are some SQL-based and some NoSQL- based
databases offering.
◦ Accessed through a web interface or vendor-provided API.
 Operation Model for Cloud
Database
There are two primary methods to run a database on a cloud platform:

◦Virtual Machine image: Cloud platforms allow

users to purchase virtual-machine instances for a limited time, and one
can run a database on such virtual machines.
◦ Users can either upload their own machine image with a database
installed on it, or
◦ use ready-made machine images that already include an optimized
installation of a database.

◦Database-as-a-service (DBaaS): With a

database as a service model, users pay fees to a cloud provider for
services and computing resources, reducing the amount of money and
effort needed to develop and manage databases.
◦ Users are given tools to create and manage database instances, and
control users. Some cloud providers also offer tools to manage database
structures and data. Many cloud providers offer both relational (Amazon
RDS, SQL Server) and NoSQL (MongoDB, Amazon DynamoDB)
databases. This is a type of software as a service (SaaS).
 Architectural and common
Characteristics
◦ Fast Deployment: Cloud databases are the perfect choice when you
urgently need a database, as they can be up and running in minutes.
Cloud databases eliminate the need to purchase and install hardware
and set up a network.

◦ Accessibility: Users have quick access to cloud databases remotely

through the provider's API or web interface.

◦ Scalability: You can expand cloud database storage capacity without

disruptions and meet the requirements. Cloud database scalability is
seamless due to DBaaS implementation, which is a major benefit for
growing businesses with limited resources.

◦ Disaster Recovery: Data backups are regularly performed on cloud

databases and kept on remote servers. These backups enable a business
to stay online in cases of natural disasters, equipment failure, etc.
◦ Lower Hardware Costs: Cloud database service providers supply the
infrastructure and perform database maintenance. Hence,
companies invest less in hardware and have fewer IT engineers for
database maintenance.
◦ Value for Money: Many DBaaS solutions are available in multiple
configurations, allowing companies only to pay for what they use and
turn off services when they don't need them. Cloud databases also
save money by not requiring operational costs or expensive upgrades.
◦ Latest Tech: Cloud database providers upgrade infrastructure and
keep it updated with new tech. This brings significant savings as
companies don't have to allocate funds on new tech or staff training.
◦ Security: Most cloud database providers encrypt data and invest in
the best cloud security solutions to keep the databases safe. Although
there is no impenetrable security system, it is a safe way to protect
data. Since cloud database providers use automation to enforce the
best security practices, there is less room for human error compared to
using on-premises databases.
Cloud Database Vendors
◦ Microsoft Azure
◦ Amazon Web Service (AWS)
◦ Oracle
◦ Google Cloud
◦ Rackspace
Types of Cloud database
◦ It is also important to differentiate between cloud databases that
are relational as opposed to non-relational or NoSQL.

◦ The details of each type of cloud database are discussed in the

following subsections:

◦ Cloud Relational Databases

◦ Cloud NoSQL Databases
Cloud Relational Database
◦ Microsoft Azure:
◦ Microsoft Azure cloud database is one of the most popular and
globally widespread cloud platforms.
◦ It offers computing, networking, databases, analytics, AI, and IoT
services.
◦ The public cloud computing platform from Microsoft offers various
solutions, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a
Serice (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
◦ Amazon Web Service (AWS): AWS is one of the market leaders when it
comes to DBaaS. Amazon offers various services for data
management and integration. Some of AWS database solutions are:
◦ Amazon RDS. Amazon Relational Database Service runs on either
Oracle, SQL, or MySQL server instances.
◦ Amazon SimpleDB. Designed for smaller workloads, SimpleDB is
primarily a schema-less database.
◦ Amazon DynamoDB. DynamoDB is a NoSQL database capable of
automatically replicating workloads across three availability zones.
◦ The downside is that scaling and patching operations
require downtime.
◦ Oracle: Oracle offers enterprise-scale cloud database technology to
its users. The database solution uses machine learning to automate
database management, ensuring high performance, reliability, and
security.
◦ Oracle cloud database covers hyper-scale Big Data and Streaming
workloads, including OLTP- Online Transaction Processing , data
warehousing stack, Spark, text search, image analytics, and data
catalog. Oltp lile ATM, online booking, credit card payments etc

◦ The different solutions offered are Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),

Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), and Data
as a Service (DaaS).
◦ The downside is a lack of integration with other cloud solutions.
◦ Google Cloud:
◦ Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offers various services that use the same
hardware and infrastructure as other Google products. GCP's offer
includes a wide range of hosted services for cloud computing,
storage, networking, big data, machine learning, IoT, cloud
management, etc.
◦ GCP provides IaaS, PaaS, and serverless computing environments.
◦ One of the products in Google Cloud Platform is Cloud Datastore, a
database storage solution for NoSQL non-relational storage.
◦ Other Google Cloud products are Cloud SQL for MySQL fully relational
storage and Google's native Cloud Bigtable database.

◦ The downside is a lack of managed services and the high prices,

including a costly support fee.
◦ IBM Db2 on Cloud: IBM Db2 on Cloud is a fully managed SQL
database featuring a 99.99% uptime SLA, independent storage and
compute scaling through UI and API, several disaster-recovery options,
data encryption, and other features.
◦ IBM's relational database offers advanced data management and
analytic capabilities for transactional and warehousing workloads. This
database delivers high performance, boasts great insights, data
availability, reliability, and broad operating system support.
◦ The downside of IBM Db2 is that it has fewer regional options, affecting
performance in some cases.
◦ Rackspace:

◦ Rackspace offers scalable, fully managed, or hosted cloud databases,

characterized by high performance and a storage area network
(SAN) based on the OpenStack platform.
◦ Rackspace offers easy access to your cloud database via Cloud
Control Panel, CLI or API, and features regular backups of all cloud
databases.
◦ Redundant storage and synchronous data replication ensure data
protection in case of disaster or hardware failure.
◦ The downside is a smaller number of data centers compared to the
competition.
Cloud NoSQL Databases

◦ NoSQL database is “ not only SQL” database. The evolution of

NoSQL database started in early 2009 and has been growing
rapidly since because of some limitations with relational
databases
◦ MongoDB Atlas : MongoDB Atlas is a cloud database created
and managed by the same team that developed MongoDB.
◦ Mongo’s cloud database is a fully managed NoSQL database
that features flexibility, scaling, sharding, and database
management automation. It allows most developers to go
through various delivery models without requiring help from a
database administrator.
◦ The downside is that MongoDB Atlas is NoSQL only, which means
that SQL-reliant applications are not an option with this database.
◦ Sharding is a type of database partitioning that separates large
databases into smaller, faster, more easily managed parts. These
smaller parts are called data shards. The word shard means "a
small part of a whole."