COMPUTER NETWORK LAB MANUAL

NAME: ABDULLAH ILYAS

REG NO: 2213329
SUBMIT TO: PROF SALMAN MUNIR
 LAB NO 01
How to install cisco packet tracer?
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation tool for education and training. It
allows users to create virtual networks, experiment with protocols, and offers hands-on
experience in a realistic environment.
Follow the Below steps to install Cisco Packet Tracer on a Windows system:

Download Packet Tracer:

Step 1: I Visit the official website of Neta cad using any web browser

Fig.1: Go to Neta cad website

Step 02: Press the login button and select log in option.

x
 Fig.2: Press the Login Button

Step 03: Click on the sign-up option

Fig.3: Click on Sign-up option

Step 04: I fill them and click on Register.

 Fig.4: Create the account

Step 05: Click on Resources and choose Download Packet Tracer Option.

Fig.5: Download Packet Tracer Option.

Step 06: Click on I accept the license. This is the License Agreement.
 Fig.6: Click on I accept the license

Step 07: Check the box for creating a desktop icon and click on the Next button.

Fig.7: Click on the Next button.

Step 08: Now packet tracer is ready to install so click on the Install button.
 Fig.8: Click on the Install Button.

Step 09: Click on the Finish button to complete the installation

Fig.9: Click on the Finish Button

Step 10: Interface is initialized and the software is ready to use.

 Fig.10: Software is ready to use.

LAB NO 2:
Ethernet cables & it’s types?
An ethernet cable allows the user to connect their devices such as computers, mobile phones,
routers, etc.; to a network that will allow a user to have internet access, it also carries
broadband signals between devices connected through it.

Types of Ethernet Cables:

Mainly there are three types of ethernet cables used in LANs i.e., Coaxial cables, Twisted
Pair cables, and Fiber optic cables.

1. Coaxial Cables:
A coaxial cable is used to carry high-frequency electrical signals with low losses. It uses
10Base2 and 10Base5 Ethernet variants. It has a copper conductor in the middle that is
surrounded by a dielectric insulator usually made of PVC or Teflon. Its maximum
transmission speed is 10 Mbps. It is usually used in telephone systems, cable TV, etc.
 Fig.11: Coaxial Cable View

2.Twisted Pair Cable:

Twisted pair cables, including Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair
(STP), transmit data in LANs. UTP lacks shielding, while STP has extra protection against
interference. Both are widely used for networking applications. Its maximum transmission
speed is 25 Gbps to up to 40 Gbps.

Fig.12: Twisted pair View

3. Fiber Optic Cable:

Fiber optic cables carry data in the form of light signals, hence interference is nonexistent in
fiber optics. Optical fibers are composed of glass cores encircled by multiple layers of
cladding material, typically composed of Teflon or PVC. Compared to twisted pairs or
coaxial cables, fiber optics can transfer signals over a very long distance.
 Fig.13: Fiber Optic Cable

Fig.13:

RJ11 connectors:
One of the various modular connector types used in networking, telephone, and telephone
connector wiring applications is the RJ11 connector. Usually, just four of the six pins are
used. Its connections are used to connect telephone equipment and cable in RJ11 jacks.

Fig.14: R11 Connector

RJ45 cables:
This is the reason why an Ethernet cable is occasionally referred to as an RJ45 cable.
Computers and Ethernet networks are frequently connected via these wires. Though the 45 is
significantly bigger, the RJ45 connector looks similar to the six-pin RJ11 connector.

Fig.15: RJ45 cable

RJ11 cable vs RJ45:

RJ11 is used to connect to phone equipment, while RJ45 is primarily used with Ethernet
cables. Whereas RJ11 only has four wires inside, RJ45 has eight. RJ45 has a larger footprint
than RJ11. Although I can do the opposite, I cannot insert an RJ45 cable connector into an
RJ11 jack, interface, port, or slot.

Fig.16: RJ11 cable vs RJ45:

LAB NO 3:
How to send a message on 2 pcs in cisco packet tracer?
Apparatus:
 Two PCs.
 One crossover wire.

Diagram:

Fig.17: Send message on 2 Pcs

Procedure:
Firstly, I open the Cisco Packet Tracer. Choose "PC" after clicking on "End Devices" in the
bottom toolbar. Now drag it to the tracer's screen on the first computer, "PC0." Repeat this
process twice for "PC1." Now I need a wire to link the PCs. Since both devices are identical,
I connect similar devices using cross over wire. Once the wire has been chosen, click the
computer PC0 in this case and choose Fast Ethernet. I will now provide the PCs PC0 & PC1
an IP address. All that an Internet Protocol IP address is the numerical identification of the
networked devices that make use of the protocol for communication. Select PC0/PC1. I 'll see
a dialog box on the screen, select Desktop and then select IP configuration. I give 10.10.10.1 to PC0
& 10.10.10.2 TO PC1.and to see the IP configuration of the pc's I can click on PC0 or PC1. A dialog
box will appear on the screen, select Desktop and then select command prompt than write there “IP
configuration”.

Result:
In last, click on Simulation option from the bottom right and click on play button and see the
result message travel successful or failed shown at bottom right or shown as tick on message
icon.

LAB NO 4:
How to send message from one Pc to another Pc using switch in
Cisco Packet Tracer.
Apparatus:
 Four Pc’s
 Straight through wires
 Switch 2960

Diagram:

Fig.18: Send message from one Pc to another Pc using Switch

Procedure:
Firstly, I open the Cisco Packet Tracer. I create a new project, then I Drag and drop two PCs
and a switch from the "End Devices" and "Switches and Hubs" sections of the "Devices" tab
onto the workspace. Connect the PCs to the switch using straight-through Ethernet cables. To
do this, select the "Copper Straight-Through" cable from the "Connections" tab and drag it
from the Ethernet port on one PC to an available port on the switch. Repeat the process to
connect the second PC to the switch. Configure the IP addresses of the two PCs. To do this,
click on one of the PCs and then click on the "Configuration" tab. In the "IP Configuration"
section, set the IP address to a unique value 192.168.1.1 and the subnet mask to
255.255.255.0. Repeat the process for the other PC, but use a different IP address
192.168.1.2. Verify that the two PCs can ping each other by opening a command prompt on
one PC and typing "ping IP address of the other PC". If the ping is successful, then the two
PCs are communicating properly.

Result:
If everything is configured correctly, It should be able to ping each other and my message
should be delivered too.
 LAB NO 5:
How to connect two LAN network using Router on the Cisco
Packet Tracer.
Apparatus:
 Two switches
 One router
 Straight-through wires
 SIX PCs

Diagram:

Fig.19: Connect two LAN Network using Router

Procedure:
Firstly, I open the Cisco Packet Tracer software and create a new project. Drag and drop two
LAN switches from the "Switches and Hubs" section of the toolbar onto the workspace.
Connect the two switches together using a straight-through network cable by dragging the
cable from one switch's Ethernet port to the other switch's Ethernet port. Connect each PC to
a switch using a straight-through network cable by dragging the cable from the PC's Ethernet
port to one of the switch's Ethernet ports. Drag and drop a router from the "Routers" section
of the toolbar onto the workspace. Connect the router to each switch using a straight through
network cable by dragging the cable from the router's Ethernet port to one of the switch's
Ethernet ports. Power on all devices. Configure the IP addresses of each interface. For
example, if the first switch has an IP address of 192.168.1.1 and the second switch has an IP
address of 10.10.1.1, I would configure the router's interfaces as follows:

Result:
I should now have two LAN networks connected via a router. The PCs on each LAN network
should be able to communicate with each other through the router. I can test this by ping in
the IP addresses of the PCs from each other. If successful, I should see replies from the other
PC.

LAB NO 6:
How to install Access point on Cisco Packet Tracer?
Apparatus:
 Two PCs.
 Wireless Access point

Diagram:

Fig.20: Install Access Point

Procedure:
Firstly, I open the Cisco Packet Tracer software and create a new project. Drag and drop two
PCs and an access point from the "Switches and Hubs" section of the toolbar onto the
workspace. Then I take two pcs which is in ethernet connection then I convert them into
wireless pcs. Then I provide the gateway 192.168.1.1 to the menu bar configuration then I
assign the IP addresses in the menu bar by clicking on the desktop. After that, I write the IP
address 192.168.1.1 whose subnet masks is 255.255.255.0. then, I make the setting of access
point and write a name such as “Abdullah WIFI zone” then I go to the “port 1” and click on
the WEP and apply the 10-digit password then again go to the pc wireless setting to connect
the pcs to the access point by clicking on the desktop menu bar. The pc is not in connecting
state. I refresh it the “Abdullah WIFI zone” comes and I connect the pc to the access point.
Then I do the same process with the next PC also. Now the wireless connection of the access
point installation is ready.

Results:
First, I take two PCs and I convert into wireless state and then make the access point setting
and apply 10-digit password. Connect them with wireless connection. Now, I can be ale to
send messages from one PC to the other PC through access point.

LAB NO 7:
How to make wireless network on Cisco Packet Tracer?
Apparatus:
 Three PCs.
 Wireless Access point
 One router
 Switch 2960

Diagram:

Fig.21: Make Wireless Network

Procedure:
Firstly, I open the Cisco Packet Tracer software and create a new project. Drag and drop three
PCs and an access point from the "Switches and Hubs" section of the toolbar onto the
workspace. Connect the PC to the switch using straight-through Ethernet cables and also
with Router or Switch using a straight-through network cable by dragging the cable from the
PC's Ethernet port to one of the switch's Ethernet ports. Then I provide the gateway
192.168.1.1 to the menu bar configuration then I assign the IP addresses in the menu bar by
clicking on the desktop to the first pc After that, I write the IP address 192.168.1.1 whose
subnet masks is 255.255.255.0. Then I go the router and provide the same IP address that I
provided to the first PC. Then I provide the gateway 192.168.1.1 to the menu bar
configuration then I assign the IP addresses in the menu bar by clicking on the desktop. After
that, I write the IP address 192.168.1.1 whose subnet masks is 255.255.255.0. then, I make
the setting of access point and write a name such as “Abdullah WIFI zone” then I go to the
“port 1” and click on the WEP and apply the 10-digit password then again go to the pc
wireless setting to connect the pcs to the access point by clicking on the desktop menu bar.
The pc is not in connecting state. I refresh it the “Abdullah WIFI zone” comes and I connect
the pc to the access point. Then I enter the password that I was set in the access point setting.
Then I do the same process with the next Laptop also. Now the wireless Network of the
access point installation is ready.

Results:
At Last, click on Simulation option from the bottom right and click on play button and see the
result message travel successful or failed shown at bottom right or shown as tick on message
icon

LAB NO 8:
How to make Bus Topology on Cisco Packet tracer?
Apparatus:
 Four PCs.
 Four Switchs 2960

Diagram:

Fig.22: Make BUS TOPOLOGY

Procedure:
In first step you simply open a "Cisco Packet Tracer. Then you select devices from the
toolbox present at the bottom of the Cisco packet tracer. From the toolbox, select the option
"Network Devices" and then select "Switches" from bottom. Then drag switch 2960 and drop
it on the drawing area for initializing network design. From the toolbox, select the option
"End-Devices" option and this will display a different device for you. Then drag Pc one by
one and drop it on the drawing area for initializing networks design. Go to the "Connection
Menu" from the toolbox and this will display a different wire for you. For initiating cable
connection, click on *Automatically Choose Connection Type (straight-through wire) and
you will see mouse pointer has changed its icon and then click on 'PC0 and take that wire
towards*"switch and click on it, to established a connection. And repeat this for all Pc's one
by one Then open all PC's one by one and select "IP Configuration setting from desktop
menu option assign IP Address and press enter, it Will automatically take subnet mass and
close it and make sure we use the same case for all PC's For testing. Choose the Message
Sample PDU from the top and drop the message PDU from sender pc to receiver.

Results:
In last click on Simulation option from the bottom night and click on play button and see the
result (message travel successful or failed shown at bottom right or shown as tick on message
icon).

LAB NO 9:
How to make Ring Topology on Cisco Packet tracer?
Apparatus:
 Six PCs.
 Six Switchs 2960

Diagram:
 Fig.23: Make RING TOPOLOGY

Procedure:
In first step you simply open a Cisco Packet Tracer. Then you select devices from the toolbox
present at the bottom of the cisco packet tracer. From the toolbox, select the option 'Network
Devices' and then select Wireless Devices' from bottom. Then drag four switch 2960 and drop
it on the drawing area for initializing network design. From the toolbox, select the option
“End Devices” option and this will display a different device for you. Then drag 4 PC's one
by one and drop it on the drawing area for initializing network design. Ring topology is a
topology that different pc connects to each other for ring ways. For testing choose the
“Message Sample PDU” from the top and drop the message PDU from sender pc to receiver
pc.

Results:
In last, click on Simulation option from the bottom right and click on play button and see the
result (message travel successful or failed shown at bottom right or shown as tick on message
icon).
 LAB NO 10:
How to make Star Topology on Cisco Packet tracer?
Apparatus:
 Five PCs.
 Five Switchs 2960

Diagram:

Fig.24: Make STAR TOPOLOGY

Procedure:
Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Drag and drop a switch from the
"Switches" category onto the workspace. This switch will serve as the central device in the
star topology. To connect computers to the switch, drag and drop PC devices from the "End
Devices" category onto the workspace. Connect each PC to an available port on the switch
using Copper Straight-Through cables. Configure IP addresses for each PC. Double-click on
a PC to open the configuration panel. Go to the "Desktop" tab and click on the "IP
Configuration" option. Assign unique IP addresses to each PC, ensuring that they are in the
same network range. If you want to add more devices to the star topology, such as printers or
additional switches, you can drag and drop them from the respective categories and connect
them to the central switch using Copper Straight-Through cables. Save your project to
preserve the topology configuration. That's it! You have successfully designed a star topology
in Cisco Packet Tracer. Each PC is connected to the central switch, forming a hub-and-spoke
pattern resembling a star. Remember to configure any additional devices you add to the
network accordingly.

Results:
In last, click on Simulation option from the bottom right and click on play button and see the
result (message travel successful or failed shown at bottom right or shown as tick on message
icon).

LAB NO 11:
How to make Mesh Topology on Cisco Packet tracer?
Apparatus:
 Four PCs.
 Four Switchs 2960

Diagram:
 Fig.25: Make Mesh TOPOLOGY

Procedure:
To design a network using four switches and four pcs in cisco packet tracer connect the same
devices using cross over cable and different devices using straight-through cable. Begin by
launching cisco packet tracer and creating a new project. Drag and drop four switches and
four Pcs onto the workspace. Connect the switches together using crossover cables. Connect
each PC and switch using straight-over cable as well. Double click on each PC to configure
IP addresses and any other necessary settings. Test connectivity by entering simulation mode
and using the ping command to ensure communication between the PCs. Finally save your
task for further references.

Results:
The network should work properly and the Pcs should be able to communicate with each
other. Each Pc should be able to send information to another pc if they are connected to the
same switch.

LAB NO 12:
How to make hybrid Tree Topology on Cisco Packet
tracer?
Apparatus:
 Seven PCs.
 Three Switchs 2960

Diagram:

Fig.25: Make Hybrid Tree TOPOLOGY

Procedure:
Launch Cisco Packet Tracer and create a new project. Drag and drop the network devices
onto the workspace. For a Tree topology, you will need a central root switch and multiple
branch switches. Connect the devices using Ethernet cables. Start by connecting the branch
switches to the root switch. Each branch switch will represent a level in the tree hierarchy.
Configure the devices with appropriate IP addresses and VLANs. Assign unique IP addresses
to each switch interface, and assign VLANs to create logical divisions within the network.
Configure the root switch to act as the root bridge for the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). This
will help in creating a loop-free topology. Connect end devices such as PCs or servers to the
branch switches using Ethernet cables. Configure the end devices with IP addresses, subnet
masks, and default gateways. Test the connectivity by pinging between devices within the
Tree topology.

Results:
In last, click on Simulation option from the bottom right and click on play button and see the
result (message travel successful or failed shown at bottom right or shown as tick on message
icon).
 LAB NO 13:
How to make hybrid Topology on Cisco Packet tracer?
Apparatus:
 Sixteen PCs.
 Three Switchs 2960

Diagram:

Fig.26: Make Hybrid TOPOLOGY

Procedure:
Open Cisco Packet Tracer on your computer. Create a new project: Click on "File" in the
menu bar and select "New" to create a new project. Select the required devices for your
hybrid network from the device list on the left-hand side. For example, you might add
routers, switches, PCs, servers, and wireless access points. Drag and drop these devices onto
the workspace. Connect the devices. Use the appropriate cables (Ethernet, serial, etc.) to
connect the devices together. To connect devices, click on a device's interface and then click
on the interface of another device to create a connection. Set up your local area network
(LAN) by configuring the devices. Assign IP addresses to the devices, configure VLANs, set
up routing protocols if needed, and apply any necessary security settings. Connect your LAN
to the wide area network (WAN). This can be achieved by configuring WAN interfaces on
your routers, setting up point-to-point connections, or connecting to the internet through an
Internet Service Provider (ISP). Once the LAN and WAN configurations are complete, you
can test the network connectivity. Send ping requests between devices to ensure they can
communicate with each other.

Results:
The result of your hybrid network design in Cisco Packet Tracer will be a simulated network
environment where you can test and visualize the connectivity and functionality of your
network. You can monitor traffic flow, configure network protocols, and evaluate the overall
performance of your hybrid network design.