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Habib MOSb2a

1. The document finds the roots of the function f(x) = (πx - 1)xπ(π12 - πx). The only root is x = 0. 2. It proves by induction that 2n - (-1)n is divisible by 3 for all positive integers n. 3. It determines the value of the expression sin(2π)log3(tan(π/3) + terms) without a calculator, finding the value is 0. 4. It proves that for any prime p, the sum of divisors function σ(pm) = 1 + pσ(pm-1) for all positive integers m. 5. It finds

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22 views5 pages

Habib MOSb2a

1. The document finds the roots of the function f(x) = (πx - 1)xπ(π12 - πx). The only root is x = 0. 2. It proves by induction that 2n - (-1)n is divisible by 3 for all positive integers n. 3. It determines the value of the expression sin(2π)log3(tan(π/3) + terms) without a calculator, finding the value is 0. 4. It proves that for any prime p, the sum of divisors function σ(pm) = 1 + pσ(pm-1) for all positive integers m. 5. It finds

Uploaded by

habobasamir57
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Problem A

What are the roots of the function: f (x) = (π x − π1 ) · xπ · ( π12 − π x ) with x ∈ R

Answer

To get the root of a function we need to set f (x) to zero :

(π x − π1 ) · xπ · ( π12 − π x ) = 0

1
0 = πx −
π
x+1
π −1 (1)
=
π
x = −1 or :

0 = xπ
(2)
x = 0 or:

1
0= − πx
π2
1 − π x+2 (3)
=
π2
x = −2
Since π is an irrational number:

(−1)π and (-2)π ∈ /R


Then: Zero is the only root of this function

Habiba Samir 1
2 Problem B
Show that 2n − (−1)n is divisible by 3 for all positive integars n

Answer

Prove by induction :
Put n = 1
2 − (−1)1 = 3
1

Assume that 2n − (−1)n = 3k


As a sequence, 2n+1 − (−1)n+1 = 3t

2n − (−1)n = 3k
2n = 3k + (−1)n
2 × 2n = 2 × (3k + (−1)n )
2 × 2n = (3 − 1) × (3k + (−1)n )
2n+1 = 9k − 3k + 3 · (−1)n + (−1)n+1
2n+1 − (−1)n+1 = 6k + 3 · (−1)n
2n+1 − (−1)n+1 = 3 × (2k + (−1)n )

Since 2n+1 − (−1)n+1 is divisible by 3


Then our first assumption is true
Then 2n − (−1)n is divisible by 3

Habiba Samir 2
3 Problem C
Determine the numerical value of the following expression without the use of a cal-
culator:

√ √
sin(2π) P10 1+ 1+ 1 24 −23
log3 ( tan(π/3) + − √ )n )
n=0 ( 1+(1−1 +1−1 )·cos(π/4) (1+ 1)2

Answer

√ √
P10 1+ 1+ 1 24 −23
log3 ( √03 + n=0 ( 1+(1−1 +1−1 )·cos(π/4) − √ )n )
(1+ 1)2

√
24 −23
P10 1+√2
log3 ( √03 + n=0 ( 1+ 2 −
√ )n )
(1+ 1)2

P10
log3 (0 + n=0 (1 − 84 )n )

P10 n
log3 (0 + n=0 (−1) )

log3 (0 + 1)

log3 1 = 0

Habiba Samir 3
4 Problem D
Let σ(n) be the sum of all positive divisors of the integer n and let p be any prime
number. Prove that σ(pm ) = 1 + p · σ(pm−1 ) for all positive integers m.

Answer

Since σ(n) is the sum for all divisors of n and p is a prime number
Therefore :

σ(pm ) = pm + pm−1 + pm−2 + ... + p + 1 (4)

σ(pm−1 ) = pm−1 + pm−2 + pm−3 + ... + 1


p · σ(pm−1 ) = pm + pm−1 + pm−2 + pm−3 + ... + p (5)
1 + p · σ(pm−1 ) = pm + pm−1 + pm−2 + pm−3 + ... + p + 1

From (4) , (5) :


σ(p ) = 1 + p · σ(pm−1 )
m

Habiba Samir 4
5 Problem E
The drawing below shows an equilateral triangle with side length a. A vertical line
of length b intersects the triangle (dotted line). Find the area A of the enclosed
triangle(grey area).

Answer

Since b || a,
the triangle with sidelength a is an equilateral triangle
Therefore the triangle with side length b is also an equilateral triangle

Area of an equilateral triangle = 21 ×side2 ×sin(60)


A = 21 ×b√2 ×sin(60)
A = 43 × b2

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Habiba Samir 5

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