SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

V SEMESTER

1905501-Power System Analysis

Regulation – 2019

Academic Year 2021-22

Prepared by

Dr. K. Elango, Professor and Head / EEE

 SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERRING

QUESTION BANK

UNIT I -POWER SYSTEM

Need for system planning and operational studies - Power scenario in India - Power system components –
Representation - Single line diagram - per unit quantities - p.u. impedance diagram - p.u. reactance diagram -
Network graph, Bus incidence matrix, Primitive parameters, Bus admittance matrix from primitive parameters -
Representation of off- nominal transformer - Formation of bus admittance matrix of large power network.
PART - A
Course
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
Outcome

1 What is meant by base quantities in per unit representation CO 1 BT-1 Remember

2 What is impedance diagram and what are the approximation CO 1 BT-2 Understand
made in this diagram
3 Define bus admittance matrix, bus impedance matrix? CO 1 BT-1 Remember
4 A generator rated 25MVA, 11KV has a reactance of 15%. Calculate CO 1 BT-6 Create
its p.u. reactance for a base of 50MVA and 10KV
5 What is single line diagram CO 1 BT-2 Understand

6 Prepare the single phase equivalent circuit of three winding CO 1 BT-3 Apply
transformer
7 Point out the approximations made in impedance diagram? CO 1 BT-4 Analyze

8 Write equation for per unit impedance if change base occurs CO 1 BT-3 Apply
9 What is the need of base values CO 1 BT-1 Remember
10 Contrast the π circuit representation of a transformer with off – CO 1 BT-4 Analyze
nominal ratio ‘α’
11 What are the function of modern power system CO 1 BT-2 Understand

12 How are the loads are represented in the reactance and impedance CO 1 BT-4 Analyze
diagram
13 Summarize the functions of power system analysis? CO 1 BT-2 Understand
14 Examine the applications of Y-bus CO 1 BT-5 Evaluate
15 Define Network graph. CO 1 BT-1 Remember
16 Define off nominal transformer ratio? CO 1 BT-1 Remember
17 Define primitive network? CO 1 BT-1 Remember
18 Order the methods available for forming bus admittance matrix CO 1 BT-5 Evaluate
19 Define Bus incidence matrix. CO 1 BT-1 Remember
20 What is installed capacity of electrical power in India CO 1 BT-6 Create

PART - B
1 The single line diagram of a simple power system is shown in CO 1 BT-2 Understand
Fig. The rating of the generators and transformers are given
below:
Generator 1: 25MVA, 6.6KV, X=0.2p.u
Generator 2: 5MVA, 6.6KV, X=0.15p.u
Generator 3: 30MVA, 13.2KV, X=0.15p.u
Transformer1: 30MVA, 6.9∆/115Υ KV, X=10%
Transformer2: 15MVA, 6.9∆/115Υ KV, X=10%
Transformer3: Single phase units each rated 10MVA, 6.9/69
KV, X=10%
Examine the impedance diagram and mark all values in p.u
choosing a base of 30MVA,
6.6KV in the generator 1 circuit. (13)

2 Examine the reactance diagram for the power system CO 1 BT-3 Apply
shown in fig. Neglect resistance and use a base of
100MVA, 220kV in 50Ω line. The ratings of the generator
motor and transformer are give below. (13)

Generator: 40MVA, 25KV, X’’ =20%.

Synchronous Motor: 50MVA, 11KV, X’’ =30%
T1: Y-Y transformer : 40MVA 33/220KV, X=15%
T2:Y- Y transformer : 30 MVA 11/220KV, X=15%
3 Prepare a per phase schematic of the system in fig. and show all CO 1 BT-2 Understand
the impedance in per unit on a 100 MVA, 132 KV base in the
transmission line circuit. The necessary data are
Given as follows. (13)
G1 : 50MVA, 12.2KV, X=0.15 pu.
G2 : 20MVA, 13.8KV, X=0.15 pu.
T1 : 80MVA, 12.2/161KV, X=0.1 pu.
T2 : 40MVA, 13.8/161KV, X=0.1 pu.
LOAD: 50MVA, 0.8 power factor lag operating at 154KV.
Evaluate the p.u impedance of the load.

4 (i) The parameters of a four system are as under: CO 1 BT-3 Apply

Line Line Line Line Line Charging

No. starting ending impedance(pu) Admittance(pu)
bus bus
1 1 2 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
2 2 3 0.3+j0.9 j0.03
3 2 4 0.25+j1.0 j0.04
4 3 4 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
5 1 3 0.1+j0.4 j0.01
Point out the Network and find bus admittance matrix. (10)

(ii) Generalize the impedance and reactance diagram? Explain with

assumptions. (3).

5 ( i) Discuss the primitive n e t w or k matrix and represent its CO 1 BT-4 Analyze

forms? Prove Ybus =At [y]A using singular
t ransformation? (7)

ii) Estimate the Ybus for the given network:

Element Positive sequence reactance
1-2 j1.0
2-3 j0.4
2-4 j0.2
3-4 j0.2
3-1 j0.8
4-5 j0.08 (6)
6 (i) Show that the per unit equivalent impedance of a two CO 1 BT-1 Remember
winding transformer is the same whether the calculation is
made from the high voltage side or the low voltage side (7)
(ii) Explain the π model for a transformer with off nominal tap
ratio. (6)
 7 Give p.u impedance d i a g r a m o f the power system of figure. CO 1 BT-4 Analyze
Choose base quantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.

Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X ′ = 1.6 ohms.

Transformers T 1 & T2 : 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms
referred to HV Transmission line: 20 ohms / phase.
Load: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. (13)
.

8 Draw the p.u impedance diagram for the system shown in figure. CO 1 BT-5 Evaluate
Choose Base MVA as 100 MVA and Base KV as 20 KV. (13)

9 Draw the reactance diagram for the power system shown in figure. CO 1 BT-1 Remember
The ratings of generator, motor and transformers are given below.
Neglect resistance and use a base of 50MVA, 13.8kV in the 40 ohm
line

Generator G1: 20MVA,18kV, X”=20%

Generator G2: 40MVA 18kV,X”=20%
Synchronous motor:30MVA,13.8kV,X”=20%
3phase Y-Y Transformer:20MVA 13.8/20kV, X=10%
3 phase Y-Y Transformer:15MVA,138/13.8kV,X=10% (13)

10 (i).Explain the structure of modern power system with neat sketch. CO 1 BT-1 Remember
(7)
(ii).Describe about representation of loads. (6) Remember
BT-1
11 (i)Estimate the per unit impedance diagram shown in fig below. CO 1 BT-6 Create

Generator1: 30MVA, 10.5KV, X’’ =1.6 ohms

Generator2: 15MVA, 6.6KV, X’’ =1.2 ohms
Generator3: 25MVA, 16.6KV, X’’=0.56ohms
Transformer T1(3Φ):15MVA,33/11 KV,X=15.2 HT Side
Transformer T2(3Φ):15MVA,33/6.2 KV,X=16 HT Side
Transmission line: 20.5Ω/phase
Load A: 15MW, 11KV, 0.9 LPF
Load B: 40MW, 6.6KV, 0.85 LPF (7)
(ii). Express the per unit equivalent circuit of single phase
transformer? (6)

12 A 90 MVA 11KV 3Φ generator has a reactance if 25%.The CO 1 BT-5 Evaluate

generator supplies two motors through transformer and transmission
line as shown in fig. The transformer T1 is a 3Φ transformer, 100
MVA, 10/132 KV, 6% reactance. The transformer T2 is composed
of 3 single phase units each rated, 300 MVA, 66/20 KV, with 5%
reactance. The connection of T1 and T2 are shown fig. The motors
are rated at 50 MVA and 400 MVA both 10KV and 20% reactance.
Taking the generator rating as base. Show reactance diagram.
Reactance of the line is 100Ω. (13)

13 Form Y bus of the test system shown in figure using singular CO 1 BT-3 Apply
transformation method. The impedance data is given in Table Take
(1) as reference node (13)

Element No Self
Bus code Impedance
1 1-2 0.5
2 1-3 0.6
3 3-4 0.4
4 2-4 0.3
14 (i) The sub transient reactance of a 500MVA, 18kV generator CO 1 BT-2 Understand
is 0.25p.u on its rating. It is connected to a network
through a 20/400kV transformer. Find out the sub transient
reactance of the generator on a base of 100MVA and 20kV
(ii) A transformer interconnects a strong 400kV and weaker
200kV system and is provided with a tap changer on the
400 kV side. What is the effect of setting the tap such that
the voltage ratio is 410/200kV on the 400 and 200kV sides
(iii) Draw the pu reactance diagram of a three winding
transformer whose three phase rating are: primary wye-
grounded 15MVA,66kV Secondary (S) wye-
grounded,10MVA 13.2 kV tertiary (t) delta connected 5
MVA 2.3 kV. Mark the appropriate value of the impedance
are ZPS=7% ON 15MV;ZPT=9% on 15 MVA and 66KV
ST=8% ON 10MVA and 13.2kV

PART - C
1 The one diagram of three phase power system in figure. Select a CO 1 BT-5 Evaluate
common base of 100MVA and 22kV on generator side draw the
impedance diagram in per unit
The three phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA,0.6 power factor
lagging at 10. 45kV.Line 1 and line 2 reactance of 48.4 Ω and
65.43 Ω respectively

2 (15) CO 1 BT-5 Evaluate

The parameter of a 4 bus system are as under Line
Starting Line Ending Line impedance Line charging admittance
Bus bus
1 2 0.25+j0.8 j0.02
2 3 0.35+j0.9 j0.03
2 4 0.25+j1.0 j0.04
3 4 0.25+j0.8 j0.02
1 3 0.15+j0.4 j0.01
Draw the network and find admittance matrix (15)
3 CO 1 BT-6 Create
(i)In this line diagram shown in figure each three phase generator G
is rated at 200MVA,13.8kV and has reactance of 0.85p.u and are
generating 1.15pu. Transformer T1 is rated 500MVA,13.5kV/220kV
and has reactance of 0.8%.The transmission line has a reactance of
7.8Ω.Transformer T2 has rating of 400MVA,220kV/33kV and a
reactance of 11%.The load is 250MVA at a power factor of
0.85lag.Convert all quantities to a common base of 500MVA and
220kV on the line and draw the circuit diagram with values
expressed in pu (12)

(ii) A 200MVA,13.8kV generator has a reactance of 0.85p.u

and is generating 1.1.5pu voltages. Determine the actual
values of the line voltage and phase voltage and
reactance (3)

4 Prepare a per phase schematic of the system shown in figure and CO 1 BT-6 Create
show all the impedance in per unit on a 100 MVA,132 kV base in the
transmission line circuit. The necessary data are given follows

G1:50MVA 12.2kV X=0.15p.u

G2:20MVA,13.8kV,X=0.15p.u

T1: 80 MVA 12.2/161 kV, X=0.1p.u

T2: 40MVA, 13.8/161kV,X=0.1p.u

Load: 50MVA,0.8 pf lag operating at 154 kV

Determine the p.u impedance of the load

 UNIT II- POWER FLOW ANALYSIS
Bus classification - Formulation of Power Flow problem in polar coordinates - Power flow solution using Gauss
Seidel method - Handling of Voltage controlled buses - Power Flow Solution by Newton Raphson method..

PART - A
Q.No Questions Course BT Level Competence
Outcome
1 What is the information that are obtained from a load flow study CO 2 BT-1 Remember

2 What is the need for slack bus in power flow analysis CO 2 BT-4 Analyze

3 When will the generator bus is treated as load bus CO 2 BT-2 Understand
4 Extend the acceleration factor in Gauss Seidal Method CO 2 BT-5 Evaluate
5 Prepare the advantages and disadvantages of Gauss Seidal method CO 2 BT-3 Apply

6 What is the need for load flow analysis CO 2 BT-1 Remember

7 Associate with load flow studies are important for planning the CO 2 BT-2 Understand
existing system as well as the future expansion
8 When the generator bus treated as load bus in NR load flow study? CO 2 BT-3 Apply
What will be the reactive power and bus voltage when the generator
bus is treated as load bus.
9 Show the general power flow equation CO 2 BT-4 Analyze
10 What is swing bus CO 2 BT-1 Remember
11 Compare GSM and NRM with respect to number of iterations taken CO 2 BT-4 Analyze
for convergence and memory requirement
12 Discuss the effect of acceleration factor in the load flow solution CO 2 BT-2 Understand
algorithm
13 What are the disadvantage NR method CO 2 BT-3 Apply
14 Define Acceleration Value.. CO 2 BT-1 Remember
15 Compare GS and NR method. CO 2 BT-5 Evaluate
16 Explain what do you mean by flat voltage start CO 2 BT-6 Create
17 Mentioned the various types of buses in power system with specified CO 2 BT-1 Remember
quantitates for each bus
18 Mentioned the various types of buses in power system with specified CO 2 BT-6 Create
quantitates for each bus
19 What is jocobian matrix CO 2 BT-2 Understand
20 Define voltage-controlled bus and load bus CO 2 BT-1 Remember

PART - B
1 Prepare the load flow algorithm using Gauss Seidal method with CO 2 BT-1 Remember
flow chart and discuss the advantages of the method. (13)
2 For the sam CO 2 BT-3 Apply
ple system shown in the fig. the generators are connected at all four
buses while the loads are at buses 2 and 3. Assuming a flat voltage
start, examine bus voltages and bus angles at the end of first Gauss
seidal iterations and consider the reactive power limitas 0.2 ≤ Q2
≤1 . (13)

Bus P in Q in V in Remarks
pu pu pu
1 - - 1.04∟0o Slack bus

2 0.5 - 1.04pu PV bus

3 -1.0 0.5 - PQ bus

4 0.3 -0.1 - PQ bus

3 The Figure shows the one line diagram of a simple 3 bus system CO 2 BT-3 Apply
with generation at buses 1 and 3 . Line impedance are marked in p.u
on a 100 MVA base. Determine the bus voltages at the end of
second iteration using Gauss seidal method (13)
4 In the power system network shown in figure, bus 1 is slack bus CO 2 BT-6 Create
with V1= 1.0 + j0.0 per unit and bus 2 is a load bus with S2 =
280MW = j60MVAR. The line impedance on a base of 100MVA is
Z = 0.02 + j0.04 per unit. Using Gauss – Seidal method, give V2.Use
an initial estimate of V2(0) = 1.0 + j0.0 and perform four iterations.
Also find S1 and the real, reactive power loss in the line, assuming
that the bus voltages have converged. (13)

5 The system data for a load flow problem are given in table. CO 2 BT-3 Apply
(i) Compute Y bus.
(ii) Solve bus voltages at the end of first iteration by G-S
method by taking α =1.6. (16)
Line Bus Admittance
no code in pu
1 1-2 2-j8
2 1-3 1-j4
3 2-3 0.6-j2.6

6 CO 2 BT-4 Analyze
For the system show in figure determine the voltages at the end of
first iteration by Guass seidel methods. Assume base MVA as 100
7 A three bus power system is shown in figure. the relevant per unit CO 2 BT-5 Evaluate
line admittance on 100MVA base are indicated on the diagram and
bus data are given in table. form Ybus and Give the voltage at bus 2
and bus 3 after first iteration using gauss seidal method. Take the
acceleration factor α=1.6. (13)

Bus Type Generation Load Bus voltage

Number PG QG PG QG V(p.u) δ
deg
(MW) (MVAR) (MW) (MVAR)

1 Slack - 0 0 1.02 0

2 PQ 25 15 50 25 - -

3 PQ 0 0 60 30 - -

8 Explain the types of buses and derive the power flow equations in CO 2 BT-1 Remember
load flow analysis. (13)

9 Evaluate the Jocobian elements for the 3-bus system shown in CO 2 BT-2 Understand
figure. All the impedance in this figure are mentioned in p,u

10 Solve necessary expressions for the off-diagonal and diagonal CO 2 BT-1 Remember
elements of the sub- matrices J1 , J2 , J3 and J4 for carrying
out a load flow study on power system by using N-R method in
Polar form. (13)

11 The converged load flow solution is available how do you CO 2 BT-1 Remember
determine the slack bus complex power injection and system
total loss? (13)
12 Figure shows the one line diagram of a simple three bus power CO 2 BT-5 Evaluate
system with generation at buses at 1 and 2.the voltage at bus 1 is
V=1+j0.0 V per unit. Voltage magnitude at bus 2 is fixed at 1.05 p.u.
with a real power generation of 400 MW. A Load consisting of
500MW and 400 MVAR base. For the purpose of hand calculation,
line resistance and line charging susceptances are neglected

Using Newton-Raphson method, start with the initial estimates of

V20=1.05+j0.0 and V30=1.05+j0.0, and keeping │V2│=1.05 p.u.,
examine the phasor values v2 and v3.perform two iterations. (13)

13 Derive N-R method of load flow algorithm and explain the CO 2 BT-2 Understand
implementation of this algorithm with the flowchart. (13)

14 ( i) Derive the static load flow equations of n-bus system. (7) CO 2 BT-4 Analyze

(ii) Compare GSLF, NRLF Methods. (6)

PART - C
1 With a neat flow chart explain the computational procedure for load CO 2 BT-6 Create
flow solution using gauss seidal method when the system contain
all types of buses (15)

2 Using Gauss Seidal method examines bus voltages for the fig CO 2 BT-3 Apply
shown. Take base MVA as100, α=1.1.
(15)
3 Figure shows the one line diagram of a simple three bus power CO 2 BT-5 Evaluate
system with generation at buses at 1 and 2.the voltage at bus 1 is
V=1+j0.0 V per unit. Voltage magnitude at bus 2 is fixed at 1.05 p.u.
with a real power generation of 400 MW. A Load consisting of
500MW and 400 MVAR base. For the purpose of hand calculation,
line resistance and line charging susceptances are neglected

Using Newton-Raphson method, start with the initial estimates of

V20=1.05+j0.0 and V30=1.05+j0.0, and keeping │V2│=1.05 p.u.,
examine the phasor values v2 and v3.perform two iterations. (15)

4 With a neat flow chart explain the computational procedure for load CO 2 BT-5 Evaluate
flow solving using Newton Raphson iterative method when the
system contain all types of buses (15)
 UNIT III SYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS
Assumptions in short circuit analysis - Symmetrical short circuit analysis using Thevenin’s theorem - Bus Impedance
matrix building algorithm (without mutual coupling) - Symmetrical fault analysis through bus impedance matrix -
Post fault bus voltages - Fault level - Current limiting reactors.
PART - A
Q.No Questions Course BT Level Competence
Outcome
1 Write the ways of adding an impedance to an existing system to CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
modify bus impedance matrix
2 Define short circuit capacity of power system CO 3 BT-1 Remember
3 Show the oscillation of short circuit current when an unloaded CO 3 BT-3 Apply
generator is subjected to a symmetrical fault clearly marking sub-
transient, transient and steady state regions
4 Discuss the prefault currents are usually neglected in fault CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
computation?
5 What is meant by fault calculations CO 3 BT-2 Understand
6 What is meant by symmetrical fault CO 3 BT-5 Evaluate
7 Distinguish between symmetrical and unsymmetrical short circuits. CO 3 BT-5 Evaluate
8 Define bolted fault? CO 3 BT-1 Remember
9 The Z bus method is very suitable for fault studies on large system CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
infer?
10 Summarize two approximations made in short circuit studies CO 3 BT-1 Remember

11 How do Short circuits occur in power system and Summarize two CO 3 BT-3 Apply
objective of Short circuit analysis?
12 Discover the main differences in representation of power system for CO 3 BT-2 Understand
load flow and short circuit studies.
13 Compose, What is meant by doubling effect? CO 3 BT-2 Understand
14 Explain the need for fault analysis in power system? CO 3 BT-6 Create
15 Explain the sub transient reactance and transient reactance? CO 3 BT-1 Remember
16 Summarize the reason for transients during short circuit? CO 3 BT-6 Create
17 State and explain symmetrical fault CO 3 BT-3 Apply
18 Define synchronous reactance, transient reactance, sub transient CO 3 BT-1 Remember
reactance
19 Define fault level. CO 3 BT-1 Remember
20 Summarize the applications of short circuit analysis CO 3 BT-2 Understand
PART - B
1 Explain the step by step procedure for systematic fault analysis for a CO 3 BT-1 Remember
three phase fault using bus impedance matrix. (13)

2 A 3 phases 5 MVA, 6.6 kV alternator with a reactance of 8% is CO 3 BT-2 Understand

connected to a feeder series impedance (0.12+j0.48) ohm/phase/km
through a step up transformer. The transformer rated at 3 MVA, 6.6
kV/33kV and has reactance of 5%.Determine the fault current
supplied by the generator operating under no load with a voltage of
6.9 kV, when a 3 phases symmetrical fault occurs at a point 15km
along the feeder. (13)
3 Two synchronous motor are connected to the bus of CO 3 BT-5 Evaluate
large system through a short transmission line shown
in fig. The rating of the various components is given.
MOTOR (each): 1 MVA, 440V, 0.1 p.u.
Transient reactance line: 0.05Ω (reactance)
Large system: Short circuit MVA at its bus at 440V is 8
When the motor are operating at 400V, e xa mine the short
circuit current (symmetrical) fed into a three phase fault at motor
bus. (13)

4 Explain the step by step procedure to find the fault current of three CO 3 BT-1 Remember
phase symmetrical fault by using thevenin’s theorem. (13)

5 For the radial network shown in figure , a 3 phase fault occurs at CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
point F. examine the fault current. (13)
6 A symmetrical fault occurs on bus 4 of system shown in figure; CO 3 BT-1 Remember
examine the fault current, post fault voltages, line flows.
Generator G1 ,G2 :100MVA,20KV,X1=15%.
Transformer T1, T2:, Xleak=9%, Transmission line L1,L2: X1=10%

(13)

7 Examine the bus impedance matrix using bus building algorithm for CO 3 BT-2 Understand
the given network.

(13)

8 . (i)Determine Bus Impedance matrix by Bus Building Algorithm.(6) CO 3 BT-3 Apply

ii) Point out Bus impedance matrix. Describe the construction of Bus
impedance matrix ZBus using Bus building algorithm for lines BT2 Understand
without mutual coupling .(6)
9 CO 3 BT-2 Understand

A symmetrical fault occurs on bus 4 of system through

Zf=j0.14 pu in figure. Using bus building algorithm,
calculate the fault current, post fault voltages, line flows.
G1, G2:100MVA, 20kV, X+=15%
Transformer T1,T2: Xleak=9%

Transmission line L1,L2, X+=10%. (13)

10 A 3-phase 5MVA, 6.6 KV alternators with a reactance of 8% is CO 3 BT-3 Apply

connected to a feeder of series impedance (0.12+j0.48)
ohm/phase/Km through a step up transformer. The transformer
is rated at 3 MVA, 6.6 KV/33KV and has a reactance of 5%.
Calculate the fault current supplied by the generator operating
under no load with a voltage of 6.9 KV when a three phase
symmetrical fault occurs at a point 15Km along the feeder.(13)

11 Two generator are connected in parallel to the low voltage side CO 3 BT-5 Evaluate
of a 3Φ delta star transformer as shown in figure. generator 1 is
rated 60,000 KVA, 11 KV.generator 2 is rated 30,000 KVA,
11KV.each generator has a sub transient reactance of
Xd”=25%.the transformer is rated 90,000 KVA at 11 KV-
delta/66KV star with a reactance of 10%.before a fault occurred,
the voltage on the HT side of the transformer is 63KV.the
transformer is unloaded and there is no circulating current
between the generators. Calculate the sub transient current in each
generator when a three phase fault occurs on the HT side of the
transformer. (13)
12 A generator transformer unit is connected to a line circuit CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
breaker.the unit rating are:
Generator: 10MVA, 6.6KV; Xd”=0.1 p.u, Xd’=0.2 p.u and
Xd=0.8 p.u
Transformer:10mva,6.9/33KV,X=0.08 p.u,
The system is operating on no load at a line voltage of 30 KV,
when a 3Φ fault occurs on the line jest beyond the circuit breaker.
Solve
(i)The initial symmetrical rms current in the breaker.
(ii) The maximum possible dc offset current in the breaker.
(iii)the momentary current rating of the breaker
(iv) the current to be interrupted by the breaker and the interrupting
KVA
(v)the sustained short circuit current in the breaker. (13)
13 CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
A 25,000 KVA, 13.8 kV generator with X”d = 15% is connected
through a transformer to a bus which supplies four identical motors
as shown in Fig. The sub transient reactance X”d of each motor is
20% on a base of 5000 KVA, 6.9 kV. The three-phase rating of the
transformer is 25,000 KVA, 13.8/6.9 kV, with a leakage reactance
of 10%. The bus voltage at the motors is 6.9 kV when a three-
phase fault occurs at point p. for the fault specified, Point out
(i) The sub transient current in the fault (ii) the sub transient
current in breaker A and (iii) the symmetrical short-circuit
interrupting current in the fault and in breaker A. (13)

14 With help of detailed flow chart, explain how symmetrical fault can CO 3 BT-1 Remember
be analysed using Zbus (13)

PART - C
1 A 25MVA,11kV generator with Xd”=20% is connected through a CO 3 BT-4 Analyze
transformer, line and transformer to a bus that supplies three identical
motors as shown in figure. Each motor has Xd”=20% and Xd’=30%
on a base of 5 MVA,6.6kV.The three phase rating of the step-up
transformer is 25MVA,11/66kV with a leakage reactance of 10% and
that of the step-down transformer is 25MVA,66/6.6kV with a
leakage reactance of 10%.. The bus voltage at the motors is 6.6kV
when a three phase fault occurs at the point F, For the specified fault,
calculate (i) the sub transient current in the fault (ii) the sub transient
current in the Breaker B.(iii) the momentary current in breaker B and
(iv) the current to be interrupted by breaker B in five cycles

2 A 3 phase transmission line operating at 33kV and having resistance CO 3 BT-5 Evaluate
of 5 Ω and reactance of 20Ω is connected to the generating station
through 15,000 KVA step up transformers. Connected to the bus bar
are two alternators one of 10,000KVA with 10% reactance and
another of 5000 KVA with 7.5% reactance. Draw the single line
diagram and calculate the short circuit KVA for symmetrical fault
between phases at the load end of the transmission line (15)

3 (i) Write a short note on fault current in synchronous machine CO 3 BT-5 Evaluate
(10)
(ii) What are the assumptions made in fault analysis (5)

4 For the radial network shown in figure 3 phase fault occurs at point CO 3 BT-3 Apply
F. Determine the fault current and the line voltage at 11.8 kV bus
under fault condition
 UNIT IV UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS
Symmetrical components - Sequence impedances - Sequence networks - Analysis of unsymmetrical faults at
generator terminals: LG, LL and LLG - unsymmetrical fault occurring at any point in a power system - computation
of post fault currents in symmetrical component and phasor domains.
PART - A
Q.No Questions Course BT Level Competence
Outcome
1 Name the faults which are having all three equal sequence current CO 4 BT-1 Remember
and which do not have zero sequence current
2 Why the neutral grounding impedance Zn appears as 3Zn in zero CO 4 BT-2 Understand
sequence equivalent circuit
3 Point out the sequence network diagram for line to line CO 4 BT-5 Evaluate
fault with fault impedance
4 Evaluate the sequence network diagram for line to ground CO 4 BT-3 Apply
with fault impedance
5 Explain the significance of sub transient reactance and transient CO 4 BT-2 Understand
reactance in short circuit studies
6 Write boundary conditions for single line to ground faults CO 4 BT-1 Remember

7 Describe the symmetrical component of phase ‘a” in ters of the CO 4 BT-4 Analyze
current
8 Describe the equation for sub transient and transient internal voltage CO 4 BT-3 Apply
9 of the motor
Define doubling effect and DC off-set current CO 4 BT-1 Remember
10 Summarize different between sub transient and transient reactance
11 Explain the features of zero sequence current? CO 4 BT-3 Apply
12 Discuss the symmetrical components of three phase system CO 4 BT-5 Evaluate
13 Define negative sequence and zero sequence components CO 4 BT-1 Remember
14 Define short circuit capacity CO 4 BT-1 Remember

15 Discover the symmetrical components Va1, Va2 and Va0 in CO 4 BT-4 Analyze
terms of unbalanced vectors Va, Vb and Vc.
16 Write down the equation determine symmetrical currents for un CO 4 BT-6 Create
balanced current
17 What are symmetrical components CO 4 BT-2 Understand
18 Demonstrate the zero sequence network diagram of a CO 4 BT-4 Analyze
delta-delta connected transformer.

19 In which fault, the negative and zero sequence currents are absent? CO 4 BT-6 Create
20 Discuss
Develop the connection of sequence networks for line –to-line CO 4 BT-2 Understand
fault without fault impedance.
PART – B
1 Examine the sequence impedance of synchronous machine, CO 4 BT-5 Evaluate
transmission lines and Star connected loads. (13)
2 Label the transformer zero sequence equivalent circuits for the CO 4 BT-1 Remember
various winding connections and delta connected load (13)
3 A 25MVA, 11KV, three phase generator has a sub transient CO 4 BT-6 Create
reactance of 20%. The generator supplies two motors over a
transmission line with transformers at both ends as shown in one
line diagram a of figure. The motors have rated inputs of 15 and
7.5 MVA both 10KV with 25% sub transient reactance. The
three phase transformers are rated 30MVA, 10.8/121KV, and
connection delta-star with leakage reactance of 10% each. The
series reactance of the line is 100 ohms. Label the positive and
negative sequence networks of the system with reactance
marked in per unit.
(13)

4 Examine the sequence network for a double line to ground (LLG) CO 4 BT-2 Understand
fault. (13)

5 A salient pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.6 CO 4 BT-3 Apply
KV and has direct axis sub – transient reactance of 0.2 per unit.
The negative and zero sequence reactance’s are, respectively,
0.35 and 0.1 per unit. The neutral of the generator is solidly
grounded. With the generator operating unloaded at rated voltage
with Ean=1.0 ∟0° per unit, a single line to ground fault occurs at
the machine terminals, which then have per -unit voltage to
ground,
Va = 0; Vb = 1.013∟-102.25°;
Vc=1.013∟102.25°

Give the sub transient current in the generator and the line to line
voltage for sub transient conditions due to the fault. (13)

6 Discuss the expression for fault current in single line to ground CO 4 BT-1 Remember
fault on unloaded generator. Draw an equivalent network showing
the inter connection of networks to simulate single line to ground
fault (13)
7 Show the expression for fault current in double line to ground fault CO 4 BT-1 Remember
on unloaded generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the
inter connection of networks to simulate double line to ground fault
(13)

8 Show the expression for fault current in line to line fault on CO 4 BT-2 Understand
unloaded generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the inter
connection of networks to simulate double line to line fault. (13)

9 A 25 MVA,13.2KV alternator with solidly grounded neutral has a CO 4 BT-3 Apply

sub transient reactance os 0.25.the negative and zero sequence
reactance are 0.35 and 0.01 p.u .respectively if a double line to
ground fault occuers at the terminals of the alternator. Point out the
fault current and line to line voltage at the fault. (13)

10 Point out the expression for fault current for a line to line fault taken CO 4 BT-2 Understand
place through impedance Zb in a power system. (13)
11 A Double Line to Ground fault occurs on line b and c at point F in CO 4 BT-3 Apply
the system of figure . Point out the sub transient current in phase c of
the machine 1.assuming pre fault current to be zero. Both machine
are rated 1200 KVA,600 V with reactance of X’’=X2=10% AND
XO=5%.each tree phase transformer is rated 1200KVA,600V-
delta/300V-star with leakage reactance of 5%.the reactance of the
transmission line are X1=X2=20% and X0=40% on the base of 1200
KVA,3300V.the reactance of the neutral of the grounding reactors
are 5% on the KVA base of the machines. (13)

12 . Calculate the sub transient current in each phase for a dead short CO 4 BT-4 Analyze
circuit on the one phase to ground at bus ‘q’ for the system shown in
figure below. (13)

13 . The one-line diagram of a power system is shown below. (16) CO 4 BT-4 Analyze

The following are the p.u. reactances of different elements on a

common base

Generator 1: Xg0 = 0.075; X n = 0.075; X 1 = X2 = 0.25

Generator 2: Xg0 = 0.15; X n = 0.15; X 1 = X2 = 0.2
Generator 3: Xg0 = 0.072; X1 = X2 = 0.15
Transformer 1: X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.12
Transformer 2: X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.24
Transformer 3: X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.1276
Transmission line 2 – 3 X0 = 0.5671; X1 = X2 = 0.18
Transmission line 3 – 5 X0 = 0.4764; X1 = X2 = 0.12
Prepare the three sequence networks and determine reactances
Zbus0,Zbus1,Zbus2
14 A 50 Hz 50 MVA,13.2kV star grounded alternator is connected to a CO 4 BT-5 Evaluate
line though a Δ-Y transformer as shown in figure. The positive,
negative, zero sequence impedance of the alternator ar j0.1,j0.1,j0.05
respectively. The transformer rated at 13.2 kV Δ /120kV Y,50Hz
with Y solidly grounded has the sequence impedance
Xʺ=X2=X0=j0.1p.u. The line impedance between Q and R are
X1ʺ=j0.03,X2=j0.03,X0=j0.09. Assuming that the fault to be takes
place at Q, determine the sub transient fault for a (i) 3 phase fault (ii)
L-G fault (iii) L-L-G fault. Draw the connection diagram for the
sequence diagram in each fault (15)

PART - C
1 CO 4 BT-5 Evaluate

It is proposed to conduct fault analysis on two

alternative configuration of the 4 bus system
G1,G2:100MVA,200kV.X+=X-=Xd”=20%,X0=4%,Xn=5%
T1,T2:100MVA,20kV/345kV,Xleak=8%
L1,L2:X+=X-=15%;X0=50% on a base of 100MVA
For a three phase to ground (solid) fault at bus 4, determine the fault
current and MVA at faulted bus, post fault bus voltages, fault current
distribution in different elements of the network using Thevenine
equivalent circuit. Draw a single line diagram showing the above
results

2 In the power system shown in figure three phase fault occurs at point CO 4 BT-4 Analyze
P and the faulty line was opened a little late. Find the power output
equations for the pre-fault during fault and post fault calculation (15)
3 Explain the concept of symmetrical component is used short circuit CO 4 BT-3 Apply
studies in the power system (15)

4 Derive the expression for fault current in double line to ground fault CO 4 BT-6 Create
on unloaded generators. Draw the equivalent network showing the
interconnection of networks to simulate double line to ground fault
(15)
 UNIT V -STABILITY ANALYSIS
Classification of power system stability – Rotor angle stability - Swing equation - Swing curve - Power-Angle
equation - Equal area criterion - Critical clearing angle and time - Classical step-by-step solution of the swing
equation – modified Euler method.

PART - A
Q.No Questions Course BT Level Competence
Outcome
1 A four pole,60HZ synchronous generator has a rating of CO 5 BT-6 Create
200MVA,0.8 power factor lagging. the moment of inertia of the
rotor is 45100 kg-m2.formulate M and H
2 Define stability CO 5 BT-1 Remember
3 Infer the significance of critical clearing time CO 5 BT-4 Analyze
4 Discuss transient stability. CO 5 BT-2 Understand
5 Summarize assumptions upon transient stability CO 5 BT-4 Analyze
6 Define steady state stability limit? CO 5 BT-1 Remember
7 How to improve the transient stability limit of the power system CO 5 BT-3 Apply
8 Examine ,How to improve the transient stability limit of power CO 5 BT-5 Evaluate
system?
9 Classify steady state stability limit. Define them CO 5 BT-2 Understand
10 Discover the machine problems seen in the stability study CO 5 BT-3 Apply
11 Give the expression for swing equation. Explain each term CO 5 BT-1 Remember
along with their units.
12 Order are the assumptions made in solving swing equation? CO 5 BT-2 Understand
13 Define swing curve. What is the use of swing curve? CO 5 BT-1 Remember
14 Point out the control schemes included in stability control CO 5 BT-3 Apply
techniques?
15 What are coherent machines CO 5 BT-4 Analyze

16 Point out equal area criterion CO 5 BT-1 Remember

17 Give the expression for critical clearing time CO 5 BT-6 Create
18 List the types of disturbances that may occur in a single machine CO 5 BT-5 Evaluate
19 infinite bus barclearing
Define critical system of the equal area criterion stability
angle. CO 5 BT-1 Remember
20 List the assumptions made in multi machine stability studies CO 5 BT-2 Understand
PART - B
1 Examine swing equation used for stability studies in power system. CO 5 BT-1 Remember
(13)
2 Describe the equal area criterion for transient stability analysis of a CO 5 BT-4 Analyze
system (13)
3 Interpret the computation algorithm for obtaining swing curves CO 5 BT-2 Understand
using modified Euler’s method (13 )

4 . Examine a short note on CO 5 BT-1 Remember

i. Factors influencing transient stability (7)
ii. Voltage collapse (6)
5 . Given the system of figure below where a three phase fault is CO 5 BT-2 Understand
applied at a point P as shown.

Examine the critical clearing angle for clearing the fault with
simultaneous opening of the breakers 1 and 2. The reactance
vales of various components are indicated on the diagram.
The generator is delivering 1.0 p.u power at the instant
preceding the fault. The fault occurs at point P as shown in
above figure. (13)

6 Examine the swing equation of a synchronous machine swinging CO 5 BT-6 Create

against an infinite bus. Clearly state the assumption in deducing the
swing equation. (13)

7 (i) Derive Expression for critical clearing angle. (6) CO 5 BT-4 Analyze

(ii) A 150 MVA generator – transformer unit having an overall

reactance of 0.3 p.u. is delivering 150 MW to infinite bus bar
over a double circuit 220 KV line having reactance per phase
per circuit of 100 ohms. A 3 - phase fault occurs midway along
one of the transmission lines. Give the maximum angle of
swing that the generator may achieve before the fault is cleared BT-4 Analyze
without loss of stability. (7)

8 A 50 Hz, 500 MVA, 400 KV generator (with transformer) is CO 5 BT-5 Evaluate

connected to a 400 KV infinite bus bar through an
interconnector. The generator has H = 2.5 MJ/MVA, Voltage
behind transient reactance of 450 KV and is loaded 460 MW.
The transfer reactances between generator and bus bar under
various conditions are :
Prefault 0.5 Pu
During Fault 1.0 Pu
Post fault 0.75 Pu
Calculate the swing curve using intervals of 0.05 sec and
assuming that the fault is cleared at 0.15 sec. (13)

9 Explain the modified Euler method of analyzing multi machine CO 5 BT-1 Remember
power system for stability, with neat flow chart. (13)
10 The single line diagram of a system is shown in fiqure.there are four CO 5 BT-2 Understand
identical generators of rating 555 MVA,24 KV,60 HZ supplying
power infinite bus bus bar through two transmission circuits. the
reactance shown in figure are in p.u. on 2220 MVA,24 KV
base(refer to the voltage side of the transformer).resistance are
assumed to be negligible. the initial operating conditions, with
quantities expressed in p.u on 2220 MVA,24 KV base is as follows:
P=0.9,Q=0.436(over exited),Et=1.0<28.34,Eb=0.90081<0.
The generator are modeled as a single equivalent generator
represented by the classical modal with the following parameter
in per unit on 2220 MVA, 24KVbase.
Xd’=0.3,H=3.5MWs/MVA,KD=0. circuit 2 experiences a solid
three phase fault at point f, and the fault is cleared by isolating the
fault circuit. Calculate the critical clearing time and critical clearing
angle by computing the time response of the rotor angle, using
numerical integration. (13)

11 In the power system shown in Fig three phase fault occurs at P CO 5 BT-3 Apply
and the faulty line was opened a little later. Find the power
output equations for the pre -fault, during fault and post-fault
condition.if delivering 1.0 p.u jest before fault occurs, calculate
δcc. (13)
12 .(i)A 60HZ synchronous generator has a transient reactance of 0.2 CO 5 BT-3 Apply
p.u and an inertia constant of 5.66MJ/MVA. the generator is
connected to an infinite bus through a transformer and a double
circuit transmission line, as shown in figure. resistance are
neglected and reactance are expressed on a common MVA base
and are marked on the diagram. the generator is delivering a real
power of 0.77 p.u to bus bar 1. Voltage magnitude at bus 1 is 1.1
p.u.the infinite bus voltage V=1.06<0 p.u. evaluate the generator
excitation voltage and swing equation. (10)

(ii)A synchronous motor having a steady state stability limit of

200 MW is receiving 50 MW from the infinite bus bars. Find
the maximum additional load that can be applied suddenly
without causing instability. (3)

13 CO 5 BT-3 Apply
. (i) A 2-pole 50 Hz, 11kV turbo alternator has a ratio of 100 MW,
power factor 0.85 lagging. The rotor has a moment of inertia of
2
10,000 kgm . Evaluate H and M .(4)
(ii) A 50 HZ generator is delivering 50% of the power that it is
capable of delivering through a transmission line to an infinite
bus. A fault occurs that increases the reactance between the
generator and the infinite bus to 500% of the value before the fault.
When the fault is isolated, the maximum power that can be
delivered is 75% of the original maximum value. Evaluate the
critical clearing angle for the condition described (9)

14 (i)A generator is operating 50Hz,delivers 1.0 p.u power to an CO 5 BT-1 Remember

infinite through a transmission circuit in which resistance is ignored.
A fault taken place reducing a maximum power transferable to 0.5
p.u. Before the fault, this power was 2.0 p.u and after the clearance
of the fault it is 1.5p.u. By using equal area criterion ,determine the
critical clearing angle
(7)
(ii) Discuss the method by which transient stability improved (6)

PART - C
1 (i) Define and classify the power system stability (7) CO 5 BT-3 Apply
(ii) A 4 pole 50Hz,11kV turbo generator is rated 75MW abd
0,86 power factor lagging, The machine rotor has moment
of inertia of 9000Kg-m2.Find the inertial constant in
MJ/MVA and M constant or momentum in MJs/electrical
degree (8)

2 Derive the swing equation of single machine connected to a infinite CO 5 BT-4 Analyze
bus system and draw the swing curve (15)

3 Explain the equal area criteria for the following applications CO 5 BT-4 Analyze
(i) Sustained fault
(ii) Fault with subsequent clearing (15)
4 The per unit system reactances that are converted to common base CO 5 BT-3 Apply
are shown in figure. Let us assume that the infinite bus voltage is
10.The generator is delivering 1.0per unit real power at a lagging
power factor of 0.93839 to the infinite bus. While the generator is
operating is steady state a three phase bolted short circuit occurs in
the transmission line connecting buses 2 and 4 very near to bus 4.
The fault is cleared by opening the circuit breakers at the the two
ends of this line ,,find the critical clearing time for various values of
H (15)