Teknik Pengukuran Parameter

Mesin Pascapanen RPM | Sound and Noise

Oleh:
Dwi Rahayu, S.TP., M.Sc

Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian

Politeknik Enjiniring Pertanian Indonesia
2023
The sound that people hear is due to vibrations in air or
substances that are transmitted to the hearing organs.
What are perceived as sounds are sonic pressure waves
that travel through the air or substances.
• Characteristic of sound is the frequency of the
sonic pressure waves.
• Sound frequency is measured in cycles per
second or Hertz (hz).
• The range of frequencies that can be heard by
humans varies from about 20 to 20,000 hz,
depending on the individual.
 The intensity of sound is measured in units of decibels (dB). The
unit decibel is a ratio of any two of the three components of sound,
power, pressure, and intensity

Because the decibel scale is a ratio, to measure a single source

of sound, a base line called a filter is used. Three standard
filters are used. They are identified as A, B, and C.
• Filter A is less sensitive to very high and very
low frequencies.
• The C filter is commonly used for high
frequencies.
• The B filter falls in between the A and C. It is
seldom used.

• When using a sound meter, it is important to

select the desired filter and identify which filter
was used when the measurement is recorded.
• This is accomplished by adding the units of dBA
or dBC after the measurement.
 What is
Noise ???
a sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant or
that causes disturbance.

noise can have both psychological and physiological

effects on people.
DIRECT EXPOSURE to excessive noise may
cause:
• Fatigue, distraction, annoyance,
• Interference with communication,
• Reduction in the memory function, and
disturbance of rest and relaxation.
• Some or all of these effects may be
involved in decreased performance in the
workplace.
Determining Noise Exposure
1. When the sound level (L) is constant over the entire work shift

Where, D = dose level (%);

C = the total length of the work day (hr);
T = the reference duration level corresponding to the
measured sound level (L). (L can be determined by
table or by equation)

2. When the work shift noise exposure is composed of two or more

periods of noise at different levels
The reference duration level
(T) is computed using the Workplace maximum permissible noise
exposure level versus daily exposure timea
following equation;

Where, T = reference duration;

L = dBA exposure
OSHA
• The purpose is to ensure the workplace is safe for
workers.
• OSHA limits sound exposure to 90 DB DURING AN 8
HR WORK period.
• For sound levels ABOVE 90 DB(A), reductions in
exposure time are required.
• Exposure is limited to 15 min of exposure per day to a
sound level of 115 dB.
• A further aspect of the act is that no impulsive or
impact noise should exceed 140 dB.
1. Microphone capture a sound and then the sound is
converted into electrical signals by the microphone,
2. Then the impedance is transformed by the preamplifier
to match the microphone and the attenuator.
3. The amplifier adds the output signal to the weighting
network, performs frequency weighting on the signal
(or external filter),
4. Then amplifies the signal to a certain amplitude through
the attenuator and amplifier, and sends it to the rms
detector (or external press).
5. Level recorder, the value of the noise sound level is
given on the indicator head.
6. In order to simulate the different sensitivities of human
hearing at different frequencies (20hz-20khz), there is
a network in the sound level meter that can simulate
the auditory characteristics of the human ear and
correct the electrical signal to a similar value to the
sense of hearing. It's called a weighted network.
Controlling Noise
What is
RPM ???
Revolution per minute - Indicates
the rotation speed of a shaft or disk,
as in a motor or other machines.

It states the number of full rotations

completed in one minute around a fixed axis.
 RPM defines units of angular frequency and angular
velocity as rad/s, and units of frequency as Hz, equal to s−1
Tachometer/ RPM meter/ RPM gauges/ Rev Counters
 Tachometer
Working Principle
• The device makes the measurement when the
machine is in motion.
• Its working principle can be electromagnetic,
electronic, or optical-based.
• RPM meter works to calculate the rotations per
minute (RPM) factor on a calibrated analog dial or
digital display.
• Digital (LCD or LED screen) displays are becoming
more and more common as they are more
accurate and more precise.
 Tachometer Types
Digital Tachometer Analog Tachometer
• These rpm meters have • These RPM meters have a needle
electronic circuitry, processor, and dial type of interface.
sensor, and LCD or LED • These devices have no provision
readout. for saving readings, and they
• These instruments can cannot compute information like
perform statistical average deviation
calculations.
• They can measure the rotation • The speed is converted to
speed of the motor more voltage with the help of
accurately and also are an external frequency to
suitable for monitoring any voltage converter.
type of time-based quantities. • Therefore, this voltage is
presented by an analog
voltmeter
 Tachometer Types
Contact Tachometer Non-contact Tachometer
• The contact type needs  Non-contact rpm meters that are very
physical contact with the efficient, convenient, and accurate have no
rotating shaft. contact with the rotating shaft.
• This type works by using an  They do not need to be attached to the
optical encoder or a magnetic device or engine whose speed is
sensor, based on the measured.
particular model to measure  In this type, the speed of the engine is
the RPM. measured by using laser light and an
optical disk that re|ects on a tape and
marks a total rotation.
 The non-contact type is well suited for
applications that are mobile
Tachometer Types
Time and frequency Tachometer
 The time-based digital tachometer calculates the rotational speed of the
equipment by measuring the time interval between incoming pulses.
 It is more ideal for measuring LOW SPEED WITH HIGH ACCURACY.

o The frequency measurement device determines speed by measuring the

frequency of the incoming pulses.
o It is more accurate for high-speed measurements and the revolution of
this tachometer is dependent on the rotating shaft.
Is
RPM
necessary ???