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Berinall

The document describes the Brinell hardness test procedure. The test involves forcing a hardened steel ball of a specific diameter under a load into the test material for 15 seconds. The indentation left is then measured under a microscope. The Brinell hardness number is calculated using the load applied, ball diameter, and indentation diameter. The test provides a way to determine a material's resistance to plastic deformation.

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20 views4 pages

Berinall

The document describes the Brinell hardness test procedure. The test involves forcing a hardened steel ball of a specific diameter under a load into the test material for 15 seconds. The indentation left is then measured under a microscope. The Brinell hardness number is calculated using the load applied, ball diameter, and indentation diameter. The test provides a way to determine a material's resistance to plastic deformation.

Uploaded by

iqraburki3328
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRENGTH OF MATERIALS-

Brinell Hardness Test


EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the hardness of the given specimen using Brinell hardness
test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 Brinell hardness testing machine.
 Aluminum specimen.
 Ball indenter.
THEORY:
The hardness of a material is its resistance to penetration under a
localized pressure or resistance to abrasion. Hardness tests provide an
accurate, rapid and economical way of determining the resistance of
materials to deformation. There are three general types of test is
conducted:
(i) Scratch hardness measurement.
(ii) Rebound hardness measurement
(iii) Indentation hardness measurement

In scratch hardness method the materials are rated on their ability to


scratch one another and it is usually used by mineralogists only.

In rebound hardness measurement, a standard body is usually dropped


on to the material surface and the hardness is measured in terms of
height of its rebound.
The general means of judging the hardness is measuring the resistance
of a material to indentation. The indenter is usually a ball, cone or
pyramid of a material much harder than that being used. Hardened steel
sintered tungsten carbide or diamond indenters are generally used. In
indentation tests a load is applied by pressing the indenter at right
angles to the surface being tested. The hardness of the material
depends on the resistance which it exerts during a small amount of
yielding or plastic straining. The resistance depends on friction, elasticity,
viscosity and the intensity and distribution of plastic strain produced by
a given tool during indentation.

BRINELL HARDNESS TEST:


Brinell hardness consists in forcing a steel ball of diameter D under a
load P into the test piece and measuring the mean diameter d of the
indentation left in the surface after removal of the load. The Brinell
hardness is obtained by dividing the test load P by curved surface area
of the indentation. This curved surface is assumed to be portion of the
sphere of diameter D.

Brinell Hardness Number, BHN = 2Pπ . D ( D - √D2 - d2)

PROCEDURE:
 Insert ball of diameter ‘D’ in the ball holder of machine.
 Make the specimen surface clean by oil, grease, dust etc.
 Make contact between the specimen surface and ball using
jack adjusting wheel.
 Push the required button for loading.
 Pull the load release level and wait for 15 seconds.
 Remove the specimen from the support table and locate the
Indentation.
 View the indentation through microscope and measure the
diameter ‘d’ of the indentation using micrometer fixed on the
microscope.
 Repeat the procedure and take three readings.

OBSERVATIONS:
 Diameter of the ball, D =
 Test load =
 Load application time =

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Ball Diameter (D) Load Applied (P) Diameter of
S. ‘mm’ ‘kgf’ Indentation (d)
No. ‘mm’

BHN = Load Applied (kgf)/Spherical surface area of indentation

Brinell Hardness Number, BHN = 2P/π.D(D-✓D^2-d^2

PRECAUTIONS:
 Brinell test should be performed on smooth, flat specimens
from which dirt scale have been cleaned.
 The test should note be made on specimens so thin that the
impression shows through the metal, nor should impressions
be made too close to the edge of a specimen.
 Note down the readings carefully.

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