ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

GEOGRAPHY 6037/1
PAPER 1

SPECIMEN PAPER 3 hours

Additional materials:
Answer paper

TIME 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer
paper/answer booklet.

Answer any four questions in this paper.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn wherever they serve to illustrate an answer.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

______________________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.
Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, Specimen Paper.

ZIMSEC SPECIMEN PAPER

[Turn over
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Answer any four questions.
1 (a) The diagram below shows atmospheric instability.

SALR = Saturation
1200 Adiabetic
SALR
Lapse
Rate
1000 Condensation
level

EL
R
800
Altitude

DAL
in
meters 600 DALR = Dry

R
Adiabatic
Lapse
Rate
400

200

0
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Temperature in degrees celcius

Fig. 1
With reference to the temperature – height diagram shown in Fig. 1,

(i) State the temperature of the rising air at 1 000 metres above
sea level. [1]

(ii) calculate the Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate. [2]

(iii) Describe the “Adiabatic Lapse Rate”. [3]

(b) (i) Describe and explain the conditions that favour the development
of tropical storms.

(ii) Explain the variations in wind speed and precipitation across the
storm.
[12]

(c) Evaluate measures that can be taken to reduce the adverse effects of
tropical storms. [7]

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2 (a) Draw a labelled diagram to show a rift valley. [6]

(b) Outline the benefits and problems of fold mountains to the local
community. [12]

(c) How may human activities modify slope forms. [7]

3 (a) Briefly describe ‘evaporation’ and infiltration’. [6]

(b) Outline indigenous methods used to test for the presence of water and its
quality. [12]

(c) Explain how man may influence the rate of infiltration. [7]

4 (a) Describe the characteristics of vegetation in a Tropical Continental

woodland. [6]

(b) Outline the challenges faced in trying to conserve the Tropical

Continental ecosystem. [12]

(c) Assess the success of measures taken to improve soil quality. [7]

5 (a) Describe the causes of drought, [6]

(b) Write an explanation account of the effects of drought on the

environment. [12]

(c) Explain any three ways in which the effects of drought can be reduced. [7]

6 (a) Describe the process of scarp retreat as it occurs on slopes. [6]

(b) With the aid of diagrams show how alternating periods of deep weathering
and removal of the resultant layers in the past may have influenced the
formation of bornhardts. [12]

(c) Explain how human activities modify bornhardts in the tropics. [7]

7 (a) Briefly describe the processes of “percolation” and “throughflow”. [6]

(b) With the aid of annotated diagrams, explain how the shape of river
Hydrographs is influenced by vegetation and rock type. [12]

(c) Explain how people have been responsible for the modification of ground
water stores. [7]

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8 (a) Outline the characteristics of a soil profile. [6]

(b) Fig. 2 below shows the nutrient cycle of a tropical hot desert ecosystem.

L
S

R0
W

Fig. 2

Describe and explain the main features of the nutrient cycle shown in
Fig. 2 above. [12]

(c) Explain how irrigation in hot deserts can be practised in a sustainable

manner. [7]

9 (a) Give the main causes of flooding. [6]

(b) Evaluate attempts that have been made to reduce the effects of river
flooding. [12]

(c) How have man influenced flooding. [7]

10 (a) Draw labelled diagrams to illustrate the main types of faults. [6]

(b) Describe and explain landform development in areas that have been
affected by faulting. [12]

(c) How have local communities benefitted from faulting. [7]

6037/1 SPECIMEN PAPER

 ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

GEOGRAPHY 6037/2
PAPER 2

SPECIMEN PAPER 3 hours

Additional materials:
Answer paper

TIME 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer
paper/answer booklet.

Answer any four questions from this paper.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

You should make reference to appropriate examples, studied in the field or the classroom,
where these are relevant to a question.

You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

___________________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, Specimen Paper.

ZIMSEC SPECIMEN PAPER [Turn over

 2

Answer any four questions.

1 (a) Distinguish between ‘Maternal Mortality’ and ‘Infant Mortality’. [6]

(b) Table 1 shows changes in Life Expectancy for selected countries of the
world for the period from 1970 up to 2025 (projected)
1970 1998 2025 (estimate)
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Japan 71 76 79 85 84 88
Italy 69 75 78 83 82 86
UK 69 75 76 81 78 83
USA 68 75 75 80 78 83
China 63 64 70 74 76 80
India 51 49 62 63 68 70
Bangladesh 46 44 61 62 66 68
Kenya 49 53 49 47 52 53
Zambia 39 42 38 37 41 41
TABLE 1
Describe and explain the trends shown [12]

(c) Outline how governments can reduce maternal mortality. [7]

2 (a) Briefly explain the interaction which exists between rural and urban
settlements. [6]

(b) Outline the effects of counter urbanization on both source and the
receiving area. [12]

(c) How do rural areas evolve into urban areas. [7]

3 (a) Identify advantages of biofuels. [6]

(b) Outline the effect of fossil fuels on the environment. [12]

(c) Evaluate the reasons why the biofuel project did not succeed in
Zimbabwe. [7]

4 (a) List the effects of Second Hand Vehicles in Zimbabwe. [6]

(b) Give the effects of import restrictions to the economy? [12]

(c) Evaluate the disadvantages of second hand clothing to the country. [7]

5 (a) Identify the causes of water pollution. [6]

(b) Outline the effects of water pollution. [12]

(c) Assess efforts made to reduce environmental degradation in your local

area. [7]
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6 (a) State the effects of climate change on agricultural activities. [6]

(b) Explain the characteristics of plantation agriculture. [12]

(c) Assess the impact of plantation agriculture on the local communities. [7]

7 (a) Identify the importance of carrying out environmental impact assessments

(EIA) in mining. [6]

(b) Outline the procedures taken in acquiring mining rights in Zimbabwe. [12]

(c) Discuss the measures that must be taken to ensure safety at a mine. [7]

8 (a) Briefly outline the benefits of tourism on the society. [6]

(b) With reference to Zimbabwe, suggest reasons for changes that have taken
place in the character of manufacturing industry since Independence in
1980. [12]

(c) Comment on how industrial waste can be put to good use. [7]

9 (a) Define ‘food security’ and ‘balanced diet’. [6]

(b) Describe and explain the main threats to food security. [12]

(c) To what extent can food insecurity be eliminated? [7]

10 (a) Define regional inequality giving examples. [6]

(b) Why do governments try to reduce inequalities? [12]

(c) Evaluate Zimbabwe’s efforts to reduce regional inequality. [7]

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 ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

GEOGRAPHY 6037/3
PAPER 3 Practical Test

SPECIMEN PAPER 3 hours

Additional materials:
Answer paper

TIME 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the
answer paper/answer booklet.

Answer question 1, one question in Section B and one question in Section C.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________
This specimen paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.
Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, Specimen Paper.

ZIMSEC SPECIMEN PAPER [Turn over

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SECTION A: STATISTICS

Answer all questions in this section.

1 (a) (i) Outline four characteristics of a normal distribution curve. [4]

Table 1.1 shows number of vehicles passing a traffic count point on

selected days in Harare

Table 1.1

Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Number 50 75 80 92 60 70 63 42 75 82
of
vehicles

(ii) Using the data on Table 1.1 calculate the mean, median, mode and range. [4]

(b) (i) Calculate the spread of the data around the mean using standard deviation. [7]
𝜎
(ii) Using the formula V = ̅ x 100 calculate the variance. [3]
𝑋

(iii) Comment on the deviation of the data from the mean. [3]

(c) In a certain area 60% is underlain by granite rock, 25% by limestone and 15%
by basalt.

Find the probability that

(i) a sample taken at random from the area is from basalt area. [2]

(ii) a sample taken at random from the area is from either the granite or
limestone part. [2]

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SECTION B: MAPPING

Answer one question in this section.

2 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP

With reference to the map provided (1: 50 000, Stapleford Forest, Zimbabwe),

(a) draw an annotated sketch section showing the main relief features along
horizontal gridline 48. [6]

(b) describe and explain how the landforms along the sketch section might
have been formed. [10]

(c) explain the drainage features shown on the map extract. [9]

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3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

(a) You are required to make a point map for Mr Zulu’s orchard using coordinates
for fruit trees. The co-ordinates were obtained from GPS, recorded and saved on a
spreadsheet.

You are provided with the following materials:

Table 3.1

I.D FRUIT TREE EAST (x) SOUTH (y)

1. Orange 31.32347 − 17.3168
2. Orange 31.32351 − 17.3168
3. Orange 31.32355 − 17.3167
4. Orange 31.32361 − 17.3167
5. Orange 31.32365 − 17.3167
6. Orange 31.32367 − 17.3167
7. Orange 31.32371 − 17.3167
8. Orange 31.32358 − 17.3167
9. Orange 31.32354 − 17.3167
10. Orange 31.32349 − 17.3167
11. Orange 31.32346 − 17.3168
12. Orange 31.32344 − 17.3167
13. Orange 31.32341 − 17.3167
14. Orange 31.32343 − 17.3167
15. Paw paw 31.32325 − 17.3161
16. Paw paw 31.32319 − 17.3161
17. Mango 31.32361 − 17.3166
18. Mango 31.32374 − 17.3162
19. Mango 31.32378 − 17.3162

- Computer

- GPS software

- Colour printer

- 1 white bond paper

Proceed as follows:

(i) create an excel file and save it as Mr Zulu’s Orchard. [5]

(ii) Open QGIS software. [1]

(iii) Open the file saved as Mr Zulu’s orchard in QGIS. [1]

(iv) Create a new shape file for orange trees and change the colour to
yellow [2]

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(v) Create a new shape file for paw-paw trees and change the colour
to red. [2]

(vi) Create a new shape file for mango trees and change the colour
to green. [2]

(b) (i) Open new print composer [1]

(ii) Add new map [1]

(iii) Add title [1]

(iv) Add new scale bar [1]

(v) Add new legend [1]

(vi) Add direction arrow [1]

(vii) Export the map as image [1]

(viii) Print the map [1]

(c) Describe and explain the distribution of fruit trees in Mr Zulu’s orchard. [4]

4 (a) You are provided with a mirror stereoscope and photographs of Gweru
1:25 000 of 21/07/85. Interpret the image based on the following
characteristics (use cardinal points to give directions) (see Printers’ copy)

(i) Shape [2]

(ii) Pattern [2]

(iii) Texture [2]

(iv) Size [2]

(v) Association [2]

(vi) Shadow [2]

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(b) Identify the importance of each of the following components of the remote
sensing system in image acquisition

(i) Radiation [2]

(ii) Energy Source [2]

(iii) Target Sensor [2]

(iv) Image [2]

(c) Using examples explain passive and active sensors in remote sensing

Passive

Active
[5]

SECTION C: RESEARCH TECHNIQUES

Answer one question from this section.

5 PHYSICAL COMPONENTS

You are undertaking an investigation into the vegetation characteristics along a hill
slope.

(a) Describe how you would prepare to carry out the investigation. [5]

(b) How would you carryout the investigation to establish the characteristics of the
vegetation in your study area? [8]

(c) Describe a technique which you would use to present your findings. [7]

(d) Describe and suggest reasons for the variations in vegetation characteristics
downslope. [5]

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6 HUMAN COMPONENTS

(a) Table 6.1 shows results from an investigation on population of Zambia in

1989.

Table 6.1

AGE TOTAL NO. MALE % FEMALE%

0-4 7 195 7.2 6.8
5-9 7 624 7.7 7.8
10-14 6 638 7.3 5.6
15-19 5 392 6.0 4.4
20-24 4 737 5.0 4.2
25-29 3 876 3.8 3.7
30-39 6 149 6.1 5.8
40-49 4 007 4.7 3.6
50-59 2 677 2.8 2.4
60++ 3 286 3.4 3.0
TOTALS 51 586 53.5 46.5

(i) Use the data in Table 6.1 to draw an age sex pyramid for Zambia. [8]
(ii) Account for the shape of your pyramid. [5]

(b) Outline the advantages and disadvantage of the data presentation above. [7]

(c) Identify and describe another technique that can be used to show the same data
in Table 6.1 above. [5]

7 MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION

(a) Outline practical skills that you will employ to trace the development of a gully
in your community. [6]

(b) Give the steps you would use to reclaim the gully in 7(a) above.
[12]

(c) Assess the successes of measures taken to reduce siltation in rivers in Zimbabwe. [7]

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