Scribd
Upload
621 views5 pages

Electricity Notes For CBSE Class 10 Physics

Electricity is the flow of electric charge. Electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge and is measured in amperes. An electric circuit is a continuous conducting path between terminals of an electricity source. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends. Resistance is a measure of a material's ability to resist electric current. Resistances in series add together while resistances in parallel take the reciprocal of each resistance.

Uploaded by

sadiyaarchive22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
621 views5 pages

Electricity Notes For CBSE Class 10 Physics

Electricity is the flow of electric charge. Electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge and is measured in amperes. An electric circuit is a continuous conducting path between terminals of an electricity source. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends. Resistance is a measure of a material's ability to resist electric current. Resistances in series add together while resistances in parallel take the reciprocal of each resistance.

Uploaded by

sadiyaarchive22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

PHYSICS ELECTRICITY

Electricity
Electric Current

 Electric current is expressed as the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time.
 Quantitatively, electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge.
Charge flowing (Q)
Current, I 
Time taken (t)
 The S.I. unit of current is ampere (A), where 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second.
 1 mA = 10−3 A, 1 μ A = 10−6 A
 The conventional direction of electric current is the one in which positive charges move orderly.

Electric Potential Different

 Electric potential difference (pd) between two points in an electric circuit, carrying some current, is the
amount of work done to move a unit charge from one point to another.
Work done (W)
Potential difference, pd 
Quanity of charge moved (Q)
 The S.I. unit of pd is volt (V), where 1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb.

Electric Circuit

 A continuous conducting path between the terminals of a source of electricity is called an electric
circuit.
 A drawing showing the way various electric devices are connected in a circuit is called a circuit
diagram.
 Some commonly used circuit elements are given below:

Sr. No. Element Symbol


1 An electric cell

2 A battery

3 Plug key or switch (open)

4 Plug key or switch (closed)

5 A wire joint

www.topperlearning.com 2
PHYSICS ELECTRICITY

6 Wires crossing without joining

7 Bulb

8 Resistor

9 Variable resistor or Rheostat

10 Ammeter

11 Voltmeter

Ohm’s law

 According to Ohm’s law, the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference (V) across its ends, provided its physical conditions remain the same.
VI
V/ I = Constant
V/ I = R
V = IR
where R is a constant of proportionality called resistance of the conductor.
 Resistance is the property of a conductor to resist the flow of charges through it.
 The S.I. unit of resistance is ohm ( Ω ).
V
From R  , 1 ohm = 1 volt/ampere
I

Resistivity

 The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length (l) and inversely proportional to its
area of cross section (A).
R  l/ A
R = ρ l/A
where ρ is a constant of proportionality called specific resistance or resistivity of the material of the
conductor.
 The S.I. unit of resistivity is ohm metre ( Ω m).

www.topperlearning.com 3
PHYSICS ELECTRICITY

Combination of Resistances

Resistances in Series
 The current flowing through each resistance is the same.
 The potential difference across the ends of the series combination is distributed across the
resistances.
 The equivalent resistance (Rs) of a series combination containing resistances R1, R2, R3... is
Rs  R1  R2  R3  ...
 The equivalent resistance is greater than the greatest resistance in the combination.

Resistances in Parallel
 The potential difference across each resistance is the same and is equal to the potential difference
across the combination.
 The main current divides itself, and a different current flows through each resistance.
 The equivalent resistance (Rp) of a parallel combination containing resistances R1, R2, R3... is given by
1 1 1 1
    ...
Rp R1 R 2 R 3
 The equivalent resistance is lesser than the least of all the resistances in the combination

Heating Effect of Electric Current


 The effect of electric current due to which heat is produced in a conductor, when current passes
through it, is called the heating effect of electric current.
 The total work (W) done by the current in an electric circuit is called electric energy and is given as
W = VIt = I²Rt
W = V² t /R
This energy is exhibited as heat. Thus, we have H  VIt  I2Rt.
This is called Joule’s Law of Heating, which states that the heat produced in a resistor is directly
proportional to the
o Square of the current in the resistor
o Resistance of the resistor
o Time for which the current flows through the resistance

Practical Applications of the Heating Effects of Electric Current


 Electrical appliances like laundry iron, toaster, oven, kettle and heater are some devices based on
Joule’s Law of Heating.
 The concept of electric heating is also used to produce light, as in an electric bulb.
 Another application of Joule’s Law of Heating is the fuse used in electric circuits.

www.topperlearning.com 4
PHYSICS ELECTRICITY

Electric Power
 Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is produced or consumed in an electric circuit
P = VI = I²R
P = V²/R
 The S.I. unit of power is watt (W).
 One watt of power is consumed when 1 A of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V.
The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt hour (kWh), commonly known as a unit.
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ

www.topperlearning.com 5

You might also like