Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

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Results in Physics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rinp

Computational approach and dynamical analysis of multiple solitary wave

solutions for nonlinear coupled Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson equation
Mujahid Iqbal a , Aly R. Seadawy b ,∗, Dianchen Lu a , Zhengdi Zhang a
a
School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
b
Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Keywords: In this article, the coupled Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson equation under investigation base on computational
Coupled Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson equation approach named extension of modified rational expansion approach. By this computational approach secured
EMRE approach various kinds of solitons named kink solitons, dark solitons, anti kink solitons, periodic solitons, bright solitons,
Multiple solitary waves
kink dark solitons, kink bright solitons, anti kink dark solitons, anti kink bright solitons for coupled DSW
Travelling waves
system. The calculated results are interesting, precise, novel, and different which have not been secured in
Solitons
the previous research. We represent the graphical behaviour of determined solutions by 2-D, 3-D and contour
through computational software. The determined results may helpful and play significant role in the study of
nonlinear behaviour in various branches of physical sciences such as laser optics, communication system, fluid
dynamics, transfer of heat, shallow water waves, acoustics, optics and many others. The constructed results
prove that proposed computational approach is concise, powerful, and straightforward for securing the solitons
results of other nonlinear partial differential equations.

Introduction

The coupled DSW equation is the universal models which first time introduced by Drinfeld and Sokolov in 1881 and also its modification form
proposed in 1885. The DSW equation is a couple system of nonlinear evolution equation, which given as

𝑢𝑡 + 𝛼𝑣𝑣𝑥 = 0,
𝑣𝑡 + 𝛽𝑣𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝛾𝑢𝑣𝑥 + 𝜆𝑢𝑥 𝑣 = 0. (1)

In Eq. (1), 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, and 𝜆 are constants. By different values of 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝜆 constant parameters then consider couple NLEEs change into other coupled
NLEEs. If we take 𝛼 = 3, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 2, 𝜆 = 1 then nonlinear classical DSW models change into coupled DSW model [1]. Many researchers investigated
various kinds of results for the nonlinear classical DSW model before this study such as Yao secured new exact results in closed travelling waves
form for coupled DSW model under tanh-function technique [2], Mustafa secured numerical periodic waves results for coupled DSW model under
adomian decomposition technique [3], Qin secured analytical results for coupled DSW model under updated F-expansion technique [4], Arshad
et al. secured travelling wave results of coupled DSW model under modification of direct algebraic technique [5], and Lu et al. secured travelling
and solitary wave results of coupled DSW model under modify extended auxiliary equation mapping approach [6].
The investigation of analytical results of coupled NLEEs is the difficult process. Many researchers found the various kinds of results for
coupled NLEEs such as couple Whitham-Broer-Kaup model, coupled Maccari’s equation, two-dim generalized Broer-Kaup system, coupled reaction–
diffusion equation, coupled model of ion sound and Langmuir waves, two-dim Nizhnik-Novikov-Vesselov system, Jaulent-Miodek system, coupled
Schrödinger equation and so on in the form of travelling waves, solitary waves like as topological solitons, envelop solitons, kink solitons, peakon
solitons, bright solitons, breather solitons, anti kink solitons, dark solitons, periodic solitons, rogue wave solitons and lump solitons, M shape
solitons, and many others [7–13]. These solutions of coupled NLEEs play important and significant role in the various field of physical, life, applied

∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Iqbal), [email protected] (A.R. Seadawy), [email protected] (D. Lu), [email protected]
(Z. Zhang).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2023.107099
Received 21 September 2023; Received in revised form 14 October 2023; Accepted 18 October 2023
Available online 28 October 2023
2211-3797/© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
nc-nd/4.0/).
M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

and nonlinear sciences like as physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, computer, artificial intelligence, image processing, optics, acoustic, space
system, kinematics, electromechanics, dynamics, artificial intelligence, transmission of waves, etc, [14–24].
From last few decades, due to the important applications of coupled NLEEs the researchers done hard work to found the various kinds of results
through varieties of approaches. On the basis of this aspect, a lot of researchers introduced efficient and powerful techniques such as Hirota bilinear
technique, Spectral Galerkin technique, first integral technique, extension of simple equation technique, qualitative analysis technique, the Hirota’s
direct technique, sine Gorden expansion technique, modify Kudryashov technique, F-expansion technique, extension of auxiliary equation mapping
technique, spectral collective technique, tan-cot methods, (𝐺′ ∕𝐺)-expansion technique, extension of direct algebraic approach, binary polynomials
approach, modify extended auxiliary equation mapping approach and improved extended Fan sub-equation technique, modify simple equation
technique [25–53].
In given study, we secured varieties of solitary waves as a kink solitons, periodic solitons, dark solitons, anti kink soliton, bright solitons, kink
dark solitons, kink bright solitons, anti kink dark and bright solitons of coupled DSW model on the consideration of EMRE approach [54–56], these
kinds of results are interesting, new, and did not secure in any other research.
The given research having these section: in section one described introduction, in section two secured multiple solitary waves results of coupled
DSW model through EMRE scheme, in section three compare and discus the secured results, the research end at conclusion in section four.

Coupled DSW model and its soliton results

Travelling wave solutions for Eq. (1), consider as

( )𝑘
∑𝑀
𝑎𝑘 𝜑(𝜃)𝑘 + 𝑏𝑘 𝜑(𝜃)𝑘−1 𝜑′ (𝜃) ∑
𝑀 ∑𝑀
𝜑′ (𝜃)
𝑘−2 ′
𝑣(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝜃) = 𝑎0 + + 𝑐𝑘 𝜑(𝜃) 𝜑 (𝜃) + 𝑑𝑖 ,
𝑘=1
(𝜇𝜑(𝜃) + 1)𝑘 𝑘=2 𝑘=1
𝜑(𝜃)
( )𝑘
∑𝑁
𝑎𝑘 𝜑(𝜃)𝑘 + 𝑏𝑘 𝜑(𝜃)𝑘−1 𝜑′ (𝜃) ∑
𝑁 ∑𝑁
𝜑′ (𝜃)
𝑘−2 ′
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ℎ(𝜃) = 𝑎0 + + 𝑐𝑘 𝜑(𝜃) 𝜑 (𝜃) + 𝑑𝑖 . (2)
𝑘=1
(𝜇𝜑(𝜃) + 1)𝑘 𝑘=2 𝑘=1
𝜑(𝜃)

( )2
𝑑𝜑
= 𝜂1 𝜑2 (𝜃) + 𝜂2 𝜑3 (𝜃) + 𝜂3 𝜑4 (𝜃), 𝜃 = (𝜅𝑥 + 𝜈𝑡) . (3)
𝑑𝜃
Where 𝑎0 , 𝑎𝑖 , 𝑏𝑖 , 𝑐𝑖 , 𝑑𝑖 , 𝜂1 , 𝜂2 , 𝜂3 , 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝜆, 𝜅, 𝜈 are constants and M, 𝑁 are positive integers to be determined later. To find M and N, we utilize the
balance approach. Inserting Eq. (2) in Eq. (1), obtained NLODEs of Eq. (1) as

𝜈𝑢′ + 𝛼𝜅𝑣𝑣′ = 0, (4)

𝜈𝑣′ + 𝛽𝜅 3 𝑣′′′ + 𝛾𝜅𝑢𝑣′ + 𝜆𝜅𝑣𝑢′ = 0. (5)

Integrate Eq. (4), once w. r. t. 𝜃, we obtain Eq. (4), as

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣2
𝑢=𝐵− . (6)
2𝜈
Where 𝐵 is called integration constant. Substitute the Eq. (6) in Eq. (5) after that we obtain the Eq. (5) in the form of unknown function 𝑣 base
on Eq. (6) constraints condition as

2𝜈𝛽𝜅 3 𝑣′′′ − 𝛼𝜅 2 (𝛾 + 2𝜆)𝑣2 𝑣′ + 2𝜈(𝜈 + 𝛾𝜅𝐵)𝑣′ = 0. (7)

Through homogeneous technique find 𝑀 = 1. The general solution of Eq. (7) given as

𝑎1 𝛹 (𝜃) + 𝑏1 𝛹 ′ (𝜃) 𝛹 ′ (𝜃)

𝑣(𝜃) = 𝑎0 + + 𝑑1 . (8)
𝜇𝛹 (𝜃) + 1 𝛹 (𝜃)
′
Putting Eq. (8) in Eq. (7) and collect every cofactors for 𝛹 𝑘 (𝜃)𝛹 𝑗 (𝜃)(𝑘 = 1, 2, 3, … ..𝑛, 𝑗 = 0, 1), and made every cofactors equal to zero. We obtain
set of algebraic equations and solve them through Mathematica then obtained unknown values as
Case-I

√ √ √ √
3 𝛽𝜅 𝜂2 𝜇 − 2𝜂3 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 + 2𝐵𝛾𝜇
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = √ , 𝑏1 = 0, 𝑑1 = 0,
−𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 3 𝜂
𝜈=− − 𝐵𝛾𝜅, 𝜂1 = 2 . (9)
2𝜇 2𝜇
Where 𝛽 < 0, and putting Eq. (9) in Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 1 and 2)
√ √ √ ( ( √ ( )) )√
3 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 𝜂2 𝜇 − 2𝜂3 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 + 2𝐵𝛾𝜇
𝑣1 (𝑥, 𝑡) = √ ( ( ( √ ( ))) ) (10)
−𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2
𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣21
𝑢1 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (11)
2𝜈

2
M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 1. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (10) in kink soliton through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 1.6, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = −2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Fig. 2. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (12) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = −2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

( (√ ) )
√ √ √𝜂 √ √ 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 )
𝜖 sinh
3 𝛽 𝜂1 𝜅 𝜂2 𝜇 − 2𝜂3 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 + 2𝐵𝛾𝜇 (√ ) +1
3 𝛤 +cosh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 )
𝑣2 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − ( ( (√ ) )) (12)
√ √𝜂 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 )
1 1
2 −𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 1 − 𝜇 (√ ) +1
2 𝜂3 𝛤 +cosh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 )

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣22
𝑢2 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (13)
2𝜈
( ( (√ ) ) )
√ √ √ √ 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 ) +𝑞
3 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 𝜂2 𝜇 − 2𝜂3 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 + 2𝐵𝛾𝜇 (√ ) √ +1
cosh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 ) +𝛤 𝑞 2 +1
𝑣3 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − ( √ ) (14)
⎛ 𝜂2 𝜇
( ( ( )) )
𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃+𝜃0 +𝑞
√ +1 ⎞
√ ⎜ √
cosh 𝜂1 𝜃+𝜃0 +𝛤 𝑞 2 +1
( ( )) ⎟
𝜂1 −𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) ⎜1 − 𝜂1 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣23
𝑢3 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (15)
2𝜈
Case-II

√ √ ( ) √ √ ( )
2 3𝜇 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 2 3 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = 0, 𝑏1 = √ , 𝑑1 = − √ ,
𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 3 𝜂
𝜈= − 𝐵𝛾𝜅, 𝜂1 = 2 . (16)
𝜇 2𝜇
Putting Eq. (16) in Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 3–6)

√ √ ( √ ( )) √ ( )
3 𝜂1 𝜂2 𝜖csch2 21 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇
𝑣4 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − √ ( ( √ ( )) )( ( ( √ ( ))) ) (17)
𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2
𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣24
𝑢4 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (18)
2𝜈

3
M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 3. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (14) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝑞 = 0.8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1.5, 𝛼 = 1, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Fig. 4. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (17) in dark soliton through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 1.6, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

/
√ √ ( (√ ( )) )√ ( )
𝑣5 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 4 3 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛤 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇
(√ ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ) (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
𝛤 𝜇−2 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (19)
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣25
𝑢5 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (20)
2𝜈

√ 3∕2 √ ( )( √ (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )/
𝑣6 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 3𝜂1 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝑞 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
(√ ( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
𝜂2 𝜇 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ ))
−𝜂1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 (21)

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣26
𝑢6 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (22)
2𝜈
Case-III

√ √
( ) √ √ ( )
3 3
𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾
2
𝜇 2
𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = 0, 𝑏1 = √ , 𝑑 1 = − √ ,
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
( )( )
1 2𝛼𝑎21 (𝛾 + 2𝜆) − 3𝛽𝜅 2 𝜇 𝜂1 𝜇 − 𝜂2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾
𝜈 = 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 3 − 𝐵𝛾𝜅, 𝜂3 = ( ) . (23)
2 3𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 5. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (19) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 2, 𝛤 = −8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Fig. 6. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (21) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝑞 = 0.8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Putting Eq. (23) into Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 7 and 8)

√ √ ( √ ( )) √ ( )
3
2
𝜂1 𝜂2 𝜖csch2 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾
𝑣7 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − √ ( ( √ ( )) )( ( ( √ ( ))) ) (24)
2 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2
𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣27
𝑢7 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (25)
2𝜈
√ √ √ /
( )( (√ ( )) )
𝑣8 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 6 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾 𝛤 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
(√ ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ) (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
𝛤 𝜇−2 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (26)
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣28
𝑢8 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (27)
2𝜈
√ √ /
3 3∕2 ( )( √ (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )
𝑣9 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝜂 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝑞 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
2 1
(√ ( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
𝜂2 𝜇 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ ))
−𝜂1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 (28)

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣29
𝑢9 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (29)
2𝜈

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 7. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (24) in bright soliton through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = −8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = −1.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −5.

Fig. 8. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (26) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.8, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

Case-IV

√ √ ( ) √ √ ( )
2𝑖 3𝐵𝛾𝜇 − 3𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 6𝐵𝛾𝜇 2 − 𝛽𝜅 2 7𝜂2 𝜇 + 𝜂3 2 3𝜇 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = − √ , 𝑏1 = √ ,
−𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
√ √ ( )
2 3 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 4𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 3 8𝜂 6𝐵𝛾
𝑑1 = − √ , 𝜈= − 4𝐵𝛾𝜅, 𝜂1 = 2 − . (30)
𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜇 𝜇 𝛽𝜅 2
Putting Eq. (30) into Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 9 and 10)

(√ ( √ √ ( √ ( )) √ ( )
1
𝑣10 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − 𝑖 3 −𝑖 𝜂1 𝜂2 𝜖 −𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆)csch2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 +
2
√ ( ( √ ( )) )2 √
1
2𝜂1 𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜖 coth 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝐵𝛾𝜇 − 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2
2 ))/ √
√
−7𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 𝜇 − 𝛽𝜂3 𝜅 2 + 6𝐵𝛾𝜇 2 −𝛼 2 𝜇 2 (𝛾 + 2𝜆)2
( ( √ ( )) )( ( ( √ ( ))) )
1 1
𝜖 coth 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2 (31)
2 2

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣210
𝑢10 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (32)
2𝜈
( √ (
√ √ ( (√ ( )) )√ ( )
𝑣11 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 3 2 𝜂1 𝜖 −𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛤 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 −
√ √ ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))2
𝑖 𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝐵𝛾𝜇 − 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
√ √ ))/
𝜂1
−7𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 𝜇 − 𝛽𝜂3 𝜅 2 + 6𝐵𝛾𝜇 2
𝜂
(√ 3 ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
−𝛼 2 𝜇 2 (𝛾 + 2𝜆)2 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ) (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
𝛤 𝜇−2 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (33)
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 9. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (28) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝑞 = 0.2, 𝜃0 = 0.8, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

Fig. 10. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (31) in anti kink soliton through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = −8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣211
𝑢11 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (34)
2𝜈

( √ (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )
𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝑞 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
𝑣12 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − ( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
√ √ √ ( )
2 3 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 ( √
√ ( (√ ( )) √ ) + 2 3𝜂2
𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1
√ ( )( ( √ ) (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )
⎛√ 2 2 2
⎜ 𝜂1 𝜇𝜖 𝛽𝜅 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 − 𝐵𝛾𝜇 𝛤 − 𝑞 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝑞 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 1
⎜ √ ( (√ ( )) √ )2
⎜ 𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1
⎝
( ( (√ ) ) )
√ √ 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 ) +𝑞 ⎞⎞
2 2
𝑖 𝐵𝛾𝜇 − 𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 −7𝛽𝜂2 𝜅 𝜇 − 𝛽𝜂3 𝜅 + 6𝐵𝛾𝜇 2 2 (√ ) √ + 1 ⎟⎟/
cosh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 ) +𝛤 𝑞 2 +1 ⎟⎟
+ √ ⎟⎟
−𝛼𝜇(𝛾 + 2𝜆) ⎟⎟
⎟⎟
⎠⎠
( ( (√ ) ) )
⎛ 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 ) +𝑞 ⎞
⎜ 𝜂2 𝜇 (√ ) √ +1 ⎟
⎜ cosh 𝜂1 (𝜃+𝜃0 ) +𝛤 𝑞 2 +1 ⎟
𝜂1 ⎜1 − ⎟ (35)
⎜ 𝜂1 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣212
𝑢12 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (36)
2𝜈

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Case-V

√ √ √ √ √ √ ( )
3 3
2
𝑖𝛽𝜅 𝜂1 𝜇 2−𝜂 𝜇+𝜂
2 3 2𝐵𝛾 − 𝛽𝜂 1 𝜅 2
2
𝜇 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = √ , 𝑏1 = √ ,
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
√ √ ( )
3
𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾
2 1
𝑑1 = − √ , 𝜈 = 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 3 − 𝐵𝛾𝜅. (37)
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 2

Putting Eq. (37) in Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 11 and 12)

(√ (
3 √
( √ (
1 )) √ ( )
𝑣13 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑖 𝑖 𝜂1 𝜂2 𝜖csch2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾 +
2 2
√ √ √ ( ( √ ( )) ) ))/
1
2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 𝜂1 𝜇 2 − 𝜂2 𝜇 + 𝜂3 2𝐵𝛾 − 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 𝜖 coth 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 2
2
√ ( ( √ ( )) )( ( ( √ ( ))) )
1 1
2 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜖 coth 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2 (38)
2 2

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣213
𝑢13 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (39)
2𝜈
(√ (
3 √ √ ( )( (√ ( )) ) √ √ 𝜂1
𝑣14 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾 𝛤 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 + 𝑖 𝛽 𝜅
2 𝜂3
√ √ ))/
( (√ ( )) (√ ( ))) 2
𝜂1 𝜇 2 − 𝜂2 𝜇 + 𝜂3 2𝐵𝛾 − 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ) (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
𝛤 𝜇−2 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (40)
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣214
𝑢14 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (41)
2𝜈
(√ ( √
3 3∕2 ( )( √ (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )
𝑣15 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 2𝐵𝛾 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝑞 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
2
( √ ( √ )
1 √
+ 𝑖 𝛽𝜅 1 + 2𝛤 2 + 2𝛤 2 𝑞 2 + 4𝛤 𝑞 𝑞 2 + 1𝜖 − 𝜖 2 + 2𝑞 2 𝜖 2 + 4 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖
2
(√ ( )) ( ) ( √ ( )) √ (√ ( ))
cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 2 + 1 cosh 2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 4𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
√ √ ))/
(√ ( )) ( √ ( )))
+ 4𝑞𝜖 2 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 2𝜖 sinh 2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝜂2 𝜂1 𝜇 2 − 𝜂2 𝜇 + 𝜂3 2𝐵𝛾 − 𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2
(√ ( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
𝜂2 𝜇 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ ))
−𝜂1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 (42)

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣215
𝑢15 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (43)
2𝜈
Case-VI

√ ( )
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = 𝑑12 𝜂3 − 𝜂1 𝜇 2 , 𝑏1 = 𝑑1 (−𝜇), 𝑑1 = 𝑑1 , 𝜂2 = 2𝜂1 𝜇,
√ √ ( )
3 𝜅 2 3𝐵 2 𝛾 2 + 2𝛼𝑑12 𝜂1 (𝛾 + 2𝜆) + 3𝐵𝛾𝜅
𝛽= ,
3𝜂1 𝜅 3
(√ √ )
1 ( )
𝜈= 3 𝜅 2 3𝐵 2 𝛾 2 + 2𝛼𝑑12 𝜂1 (𝛾 + 2𝜆) − 3𝐵𝛾𝜅 . (44)
6
Putting Eq. (44) in Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 13–18)

√ ( )( ( √ ( )) ) √ ( √ ( ))
2𝜂1 −𝑑12 𝜂1 𝜇 2 − 𝜂3 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 2 + 𝑑1 𝜂1 𝜂2 𝜖csch2 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
𝑣16 (𝑥, 𝑡) = ( ( √ ( )) )( ( ( √ ( ))) ) (45)
2 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 11. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (33) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Fig. 12. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (35) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝑞 = 0.2, 𝜃0 = 0.8, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Fig. 13. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (38) in anti kink dark soliton through 𝜂1 = 2, 𝜂2 = 4, 𝜂3 = 2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 1.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣216
𝑢16 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (46)
2𝜈
(( (√ ( )) (√ ( ))) 2 √ ( (√ ( )) )
𝑣17 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 2𝑑1 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛤 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
√ √ )
𝜂1 ( ) ( (√ ( )) (√ ( ))
−𝑑12 𝜂1 𝜇 2 − 𝜂3 ∕ 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
𝜂3
(√ ) (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
𝛤 𝜇−2 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (47)
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣217
𝑢17 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (48)
2𝜈

( ( ( √ ) (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )
3∕2
𝑣18 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑑1 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛤 − 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝑞 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 1 +

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 14. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (40) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 2, 𝜂2 = 4, 𝜂3 = 2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

Fig. 15. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (42) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 4, 𝜂2 = 2, 𝜂3 = 4, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝑞 = 0.3, 𝜃0 = 0.8, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1.

( √ ( √ ) (√ ( ))
𝛤 2 + 𝛤 2 𝑞 2 + 2𝛤 𝑞 𝑞 2 + 1𝜖 + 𝑞 2 𝜖 2 + 2 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ( )) ( √ ) (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
+ cosh2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 2𝜖 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 2 sinh2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
) (
( √ ( )) √ ( ) (√ ( )) √
+𝜖 sinh 2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝜂2 −𝑑12 𝜂1 𝜇 2 − 𝜂3 ∕ cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖
(√ ( )) ( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))
+ 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝜂2 𝜇 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
( (√ ( )) √ ))
−𝜂1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 (49)

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣218
𝑢18 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (50)
2𝜈

Case-VII

√ √ ( ) √ √ ( )
3𝜂2 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾 2 3 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾
𝑎0 =0, 𝑎1 = 0, 𝑏1 = − √ , 𝑑1 = √ ,
𝜂1 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
𝜂
𝜈 = 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 3 − 𝐵𝛾𝜅, 𝜇 = 2 . (51)
2𝜂1

Putting Eq. (51) in Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 19–22)

⎛√ √
(
2 1√
( )) √ ( )
⎜ 3 𝜂1 𝜖csch 2 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾
𝑣19 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − ⎜ √
⎜ 2 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
⎝

10
M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 16. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (45) in kink soliton through 𝜂1 = 2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜖 = 8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = −2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1, 𝑑1 = 1.

Fig. 17. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (47) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.8, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = −2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1, 𝑑1 = 1.

Fig. 18. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (49) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜖 = 18, 𝛤 = −12, 𝑞 = 0.8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = −2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = 1, 𝑑1 = 1.

( ( √ ( ))) ( ( √ ( )) )
⎞
2𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 3 ⎟
( ( √ ( )) )( ( ( √ ( ))) )⎟ (52)
𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 𝜂1 𝜇 + 𝜇𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝜂2 ⎟
⎠

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣219
𝑢19 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (53)
2𝜈

(√ √
( )( (√ ( )) )
𝑣20 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 3𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾 𝛤 cosh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
( ( √ (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
2𝜂1 𝛤 𝜇 − 2𝛤 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3
√ ))/
𝜂1 ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
− 𝜂2 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
𝜂3

11
M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 19. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (52) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜖 = 2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 1.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −5.

Fig. 20. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (54) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 4, 𝜂2 = 0.4, 𝜂3 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 1, 𝛽 = 1, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

(√ √ ( (√ ( ))) ( (√ ( )) (√ ( )))
𝜂1 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0
(√ ) (√ ) √ )
𝜂1 𝜂1 (√ ( )) 𝜂1 (√ ( ))
𝛤 𝜇−2 + 𝜇 − 2 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜇𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (54)
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣220
𝑢20 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (55)
2𝜈
(√ √
( )( √ (√ ( )) (√ ( )) )
𝑣21 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 3𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝑞 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
( ( (√ ( )) √ ) ( (√ ( )) √
2𝜂12 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 − 2𝜇 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖
(√ ( ))) ( (√ ( )) √ )))
+𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝜂1 𝜂2 + 𝜂22 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖
(√ ( )) (√
+ 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 ∕ 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
( (√ ( )) √ )( √ (√ ( ))
cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 +
(√ ( ))) √ ( ( (√ ( )) √ )
𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝜂1 𝜂1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1
( (√ ( )) √ (√ ( )))))
𝜂2 (−𝜇) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂 1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 (56)

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣221
𝑢21 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (57)
2𝜈
Case-VIII

√ √ ( )
2 3 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾
𝑎0 = 0, 𝑎1 = 0, 𝑏1 = 0, 𝑑1 = − √ , 𝜈 = 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 3 − 𝐵𝛾𝜅. (58)
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆)
Putting Eq. (58) in Eq. (8) then solitary wave results of Eq. (1) get as (see Figs. 23 and 24)

√ √ ( √ ( )) √ ( )
3 𝜂1 𝜖csch2 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾
𝑣22 (𝑥, 𝑡) = √ ( ( √ ( )) ) (59)
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝜖 coth 12 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 21. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (56) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 4, 𝜂2 = 2, 𝜂3 = 4, 𝜖 = 18, 𝛤 = −12, 𝑞 = 0.2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.004, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 1, 𝛽 = 1, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

Fig. 22. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (59) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 1.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣222
𝑢22 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (60)
2𝜈
√ √ √ ( )( (√ ( )) )
2 3 𝜂1 𝜖 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾 𝛤 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1
𝑣23 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − √ ( (√ ( ))) ( (√ ( )) (√ ( ))) (61)
𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 𝛤 + cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣223
𝑢23 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − (62)
2𝜈

⎛ √ √ √ ( )
⎜ 2 3𝜖 𝜂1 𝛽𝜅 2 2𝛽𝜂1 𝜅 2 − 𝐵𝛾
𝑣24 (𝑥, 𝑡) = − ⎜ √ ( (√ ( )) √ )
⎜ 𝛼(𝛾 + 2𝜆) cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1
⎝
( √ (√ ( )) (√ ( )) ⎞
𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 − 𝑞 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 1 ⎟
(√ ( )) √ (√ ( )
) ⎟ (63)
cosh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 + 𝛤 𝑞 2 + 1 + 𝑞𝜖 + 𝜖 sinh 𝜂1 𝜃 + 𝜃0 ⎟
⎠

𝛼𝜅𝑝𝑣224
𝑢24 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐵 − . (64)
2𝜈

Comparison of results and discussion

We successfully obtained varieties of solitary wave results as kink solitons, periodic solitons, dark solitons, anti kink solitons, bright solitons,
kink dark solitons, kink bright solitons, anti kink dark and bright solitons of coupled DSW model through EMER approach. Now we compare and
discuss the secured results in this study with previous results which have been done with different approach for coupled DSW equation in previous
studies. In the previous studies many researchers investigated various kinds of solutions for the coupled DSW equation before this study such as
Yao secured exact results in closed travelling waves form of coupled DSW equation under tanh-function technique [2], Mustafa secured numerical
periodic wave results of coupled DSW equation through adomian decomposition technique [3], Qin found the analytical solutions for coupled DSW

13
M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Fig. 23. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (61) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 1.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

Fig. 24. Three kinds of plots for Eq. (63) in solitary wave through 𝜂1 = 0.2, 𝜖 = 8, 𝛤 = −2, 𝑞 = 0.8, 𝜃0 = 0.3, 𝜇 = 0.4, 𝜅 = 1.5, 𝜈 = 2.8, 𝜆 = 1, 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2, 𝛾 = 1, 𝐵 = −1.

equation under updated F-expansion technique [4], Arshad et al. secured travelling waves of coupled DSW equation through modification of direct
algebraic approach [5], and Lu et al. secured travelling and solitary waves of coupled DSW equation through MEAEM approach [6].
In given work, we secured varieties of solitons in kink, periodic, dark, anti kink, bright, kink dark and bright, anti kink dark and bright solitons
of coupled DSW equation through EMRE approach. The secured results having interesting and unlike physical behaviour which demonstrated in
2-D, 3-D and contour shape. At the end as a result from above discussion and comparison that secured results are novel and unmatch behaviour to
the calculated results in past studies. The given research work prove that utilized scheme is more straightforward, reliable, powerful and concise
for other nonlinear models.

Conclusion

We successfully investigated multiple solutions name solitary waves for coupled DSW equation through EMRE approach. The constructed
multiple results named kink solitons, periodic solitons, dark solitons, anti kink solitons, bright solitons, kink dark solitons, kink bright solitons,
anti kink dark and bright solitons of coupled DSW model are novel and unmatch behaviour to the secured results in past studies. We represent
graphical behaviour of determined results in 2-D, 3-D and contour shape. The constructed multiple solitary wave results may helpful and play
significant role in the investigation of various kind of physical phenomena in physical sciences such as laser optics, communication system, fluid
dynamics, transfer of heat, shallow water waves, acoustics, optics and many others branches. These calculation prove that proposed analytical
technique is very concise, powerful, efficient for the investigation for other various kinds of nonlinear models.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Mujahid Iqbal: Visualization, Investigation, Software, Conceptualization. Aly R. Seadawy: Methodology, Supervision. Dianchen Lu: Valida-
tion. Zhengdi Zhang: Writing – review & editing.

Declaration of competing interest

We confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere. In addition, there is no conflict of interest.

Data availability

Data will be made available on request.

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M. Iqbal et al. Results in Physics 54 (2023) 107099

Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this
research work through project number: 445-9-542. Furthermore, the authors would like to extend their appreciation to Taibah University for its
supervision support.

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