CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE correct answer

PARAGRAPH 1
Thermal decomposition of gaseous X2 to gaseous X at 298 K takes place according to the following
equation: 

X 2  g 
 2X  g 
The standard reaction Gibbs energy, rG0, of this reaction is positive. At the start of the reaction, there is
one mole of X2 and no X. As the reaction proceeds, the number of moles of X formed is given by . Thus,
equilibrium is the number of moles of X formed at equilibrium. The reaction is carried out at a constant total
pressure of 2 bar. Consider the gases to behave ideally. (Given: R = 0.083 L bar K1 mol1) (2016)

1. The equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction at 298 K, in terms of equilibrium, is

82equilibrium 82equilibrium
(A) (B)
2  equilibrium 4  2equilibrium
42equilibrium 42equilibrium
(C) (D)
2  equilibrium 4  2equilibrium

2. The INCORRECT statement among the following, for this reaction is

(A) Decrease in the total pressure will result in formation of more moles of gaseous X
(B) At the start of the reaction, dissociation of gaseous X2 takes place spontaneously
(C) equilibrium = 0.7
(D) Kc < 1

3. 

The % yield of ammonia as a function of time in the reaction: N 2  g  3H2  g 
 2NH3  g  , H  0
at (P, T1) is given below:
% Yield

T1

time
If this reaction is conducted at (P, T2), with T2 > T1, the % yield of ammonia as a function of time is
represented by

T2 T1
% Yield

% Yield

T1
T2

(A) (B)
time time

T1 T2
% Yield
% Yield

T2 T1

(C) (D)

time time
(2015)
4. STATEMENT-1: For every chemical reaction at equilibrium, standard Gibbs energy of reaction is
zero.
STATEMENT-2: At constant temperature and pressure, chemical reactions are spontaneous in the
direction of decreasing Gibbs energy.
(A) STATEMENT – 1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT -2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT – 1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT -2 is NOT a correct explanation
for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT – 1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT – 1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True (2008)

5. 
N2  3H2 
catalyst 
 2NH3 ; r H  46.0 kJ / mol, K p  14
Which is correct statement?
(A) If N2 is added at equilibrium condition? The equilibrium will shift to forward direction because
nd
according to II law of thermodynamics the entropy must increases in the direction of
spontaneous reaction.
(B) The condition for equilibrium is GN2  3GH2  2GNH3 where G is Gibbs free energy per mole of the
gaseous species measured at that partial pressure. The condition of equilibrium is unaffected by
the use of catalyst, which increases the rate of both the forward and backward reactions to the
same extent.
(C) The catalyst will increase the rate of forward reaction by  and that of backward reaction
by .
(D) Catalyst will not alter the rate of either of the reaction. (2006)

6. 

Consider the following equilibrium in a closed container: N2 O 4  g  
 2NO2  g
At a fixed temperature, the volume of the reaction container is halved. For this change, which of the
following statements holds true regarding the equilibrium constant (K) and degree of dissociation ()?
(A) neither KP nor  changes (B) both Kp and  change
(C) Kp changes, but  does not change (D) Kp does not change, but  changes (2002)

7. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the decomposition reaction


N2 O 4 
2 2
 2NO2 is expressed by Kp = (4x P)/(1 x ), where P = pressure, x = extent of
decomposition. Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) Kp increases with increase of P (B) Kp increases with increase of x
(C) Kp increases with decrease of x (D) Kp remains constant with change in P and x
(2001)
8. When two reactants, A & B are mixed to give products C & D, the reaction quotient Q, at the initial
stages of the reaction
(A) is zero (B) decreases with time
(C) is independent of time (D) increases with time (2000)

9. 

For the reversible reaction, N2 + 3H2  5
 2NH3 at 500°C, the value of Kp is 1.44 x10 when partial
pressure is measured in atmospheres. The corresponding value of Kc with concentration in mole / litre
is
1.44  10 5 1.44  105
(A) 2
(B) 2
 0.082  500   8.314  773 
1.44  10 5 1.44  10 5
(C) 2
(D) 2
(2000)
 0.082  773   0.082  773 
10. 

For the chemical reaction 3X(g) + Y(g) 
 X3Y(g), the amount of X3Y at equilibrium is affected by
(A) temperature and pressure (B) temperature only
(C) pressure only (D) temperature, pressure and catalyst (1999)
Multiple Choice Questions with ONE or MORE THAN ONE correct answer

1. 

For the reaction CO(g) + H2O(g) 
 CO2 (g) + H2(g) at a given temperature the equilibrium
amount of CO2 can be increased by
(A) adding a suitable catalyst (B) adding an inert gas
(C) decreasing the volume of the container (D) increasing the amount of CO(g). (1998)
Subjective Problems/Numberial problems/Integer Type Questions
1. 
In a one-litre flask, 6 moles of A undergoes the reaction A (g)   P (g). The progress of product
formation at two temperatures (in Kelvin), T1 and T2, is shown in the figure:

If T1  2T2 and  G2  G1   RT2 ln x, then the value of x is ……

[ [ G1 and G2 are standard Gibb’s free energy change for the reaction at temperatures T1 and T2,
respectively.] (2023)
2. 

The plot of log kf versus 1/T for a reversible reaction A  g 
 P  g is shown

15 −1 11 −1
Pre-exponential factors for the forward and backward reactions are 10 s and 10 s , respectively.
If the value of log K for the reaction at 500 K is 6, the value of | log kb | at 250 K is ___.
[K = equilibrium constant of the reaction
kf = rate constant of forward reaction
kb = rate constant of backward reaction] (2023)
3. Consider the reaction A   B at 1000 K. At time t’, the temperature of the system was increased to
2000 K and the system was allowed to reach equilibrium. Throughout this experiment the partial
pressure of A was maintained at 1 bar. Given below is the plot of the partial pressure of B with time.
What is the ratio of standard Gibbs energy of the reaction at 1000 K to that at 2000 K? (2020)
4. The decomposition reaction 2N2 O5  g  
 2N2O 4  g  O2  g  is started in a closed cylinder under
isothermal isochoric condition at an initial pressure of 1 atm. After
3
Y × 10 s, the pressure inside the cylinder is found to be 1.45 atm. If the rate constant of the reaction
-4 -1
is 5 × 10 s , assuming ideal gas behaviour, the value of Y is______ (2019)
17
5. For the following reaction, the equilibrium constant Kc at 298 K is 1.6  10


Fe 2 (aq)  S 2  (aq) 
 FeS(s)
When equal volumes of 0.06 M Fe2+(aq) and 0.2 M S2–(aq) solutions are mixed, the equilibrium
concentration of Fe2+(aq) is found to be Y  10–17 M. The value of Y is………. (2019)

6. In the following equilibrium: N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

when 5 moles of each are taken, the temperature is kept at 298 K the total pressure was found to be
20 bar. Given that: G0f (N2 O 4 )  100KJ and G0f (NO2 )  50KJ
(i) Find G of the reaction
(ii) The direction of the reaction in which the equilibrium shifts (2004)

7. When 3.06 g of solid NH4HS is introduced into a two litre evacuated flask at 27° C, 30% of the solid
decomposes into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen suiphide. (i) Calculate Kc and Kp for the reaction at
27°C. (ii) What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid NH4HS is introduced into the flask?
(1999)
 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE correct answer

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D
5. B 6. D 7. D 8. D
9. D 10. A

Multiple Choice Questions with ONE or MORE THAN ONE correct answer

1. D

Subjective Problems/Numberial problems/Integer Type Questions

12. (8)
 P  g 
A  g  
Initial mole 6 0
4
at eq.at T1 2 4  K eq T
1

2
2

2 1
at eq. T2 4 2  K eq T
2
 
4 2
G1o  RT1n2
1
G o2  RT2 n  RT2 n2
2
G o2  G1o  RT2 n2  RT1n2  T1  2T2
G o2  RT2 n2  2RT2n2
 G1o
 3RT2 n2  RT2 n8
RT2 n8  RT2 nX
So, X = 8
10. (5)
log k f  9 at 500 K,  k f  109
  E a b 1
log k b   log A b
2.303R T
109
K eq  10 6 
kb
k b  103
  Ea b
3  0.02  11
2.303R
 E a b 8
  4000
2.303R 0.002
1
log k b  4000   11
250
 16  11
 5
log k b  5

1. (0.25)
 10
K1 at 1000 K   10
1
100
K 2 at 2000 K   100
1
G1o  RT1 ln10  2.303RT1
Go2  2.303RT2 log100  2  2.303RT2
G1o 1 1000 1
   0.25
Go2 2  2000 4

2. (2.30)
Unit of K represent it is first order reaction.
2N 2 O5 
 2N 2 O 4  O2
t0 1 0 0
tt 1 P P P/2
P
1 P  P   1.45
2
P
 0.45, p  0.9
2
2.303 1
t 4
log
2  5  10 1 P
2.303 1 2.303
y  10 3  4
log  log10
2  5  10 1  0.9 2  5 10 4
Y = 2.30
3. (8.93)
 FeS  s 
Fe 2   aq   S2  aq   K c  1.6  1017
Initial 0.06 M 0.2 M
After mixing 0.03 M 0.1 M
? 0.07 M
1
1.6  1017  2
or
 Fe   0.07
1017 1015
 Fe 2      8.928  1017
1.6  0.07 11.2
or 8.93  1017  Y  1017

11. (i) 5.7 kJ (ii) backward

4. (i) 8.1 105 mol2  2 , 4.90  10 2 atm2

3.06
Moles of NH4HS =  0.06 mole
51
Decomposed moles of NH4HS = 0.018

NH 4 HS  s   NH 3  g   H 2S  g 
0.06 mole 0 0
 0.06  0.018 mole 0.018 0.018 mole
Total moles of gaseous products formed = 0.036
PV = nRT
0.036  0.0821 300
P  0.44334 atm
2
Now,
2
P 2  0.44 
Kp    0.049 atm 2
4 4
 2
K p  K c  RT 
0.049 0.049 0.049
2
 Kc  2

 RT   0.0821 300  606.6369
2
 mol 
 8.110 5  
 L 
(ii) No effect