Android car service (1) CarService

broadview_java Modified on 2023-03-28 22:24:56 3.7k reads Collection 24 Likes 3

Classification column: Android Automotive Article tags: Vehicle development CarServiceCarService

Android Automotive The column contains this content 32 Subscribe 7 articles S

1. Introduction
Android Automotive OS, as a vehicle operating system, needs to be interconnected with other subsystems on the vehicle.

Android Automotive OS defines a standard hardware abstraction layer HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) to standardize the calling interface
subsystem and Framework, and provides standard programming interfaces to upper-layer applications through CarService and related Car APIs.

Below we refer to Android Automotive OS as AAOS.

AAOS has not drastically changed the original overall architecture of Android. Almost all core services ( AMS , WMS, PKMS) are no differen
mobile phones and use the same source code, so we can understand AAOS as Android OS + Android Automotive Services is more appropriate.

The traditional mobile phone system plus related car services constitute the current AAOS, and CarService is the most important module that p
car-related functions.

This article focuses on introducing CarService, which is Android car service.

2. Composition of CarService
For applications, the relevant functions will not be called directly through the instances of the above services, but the calls to the services will b
completed through the corresponding Car API. Anyone who has done Android development must know that the communication mode of Android is b
the C/S mode. There are clients and servers, and each service has a corresponding proxy object (for example, ActivityManager is the client relative
service AMS, and PackageManager is the client relative to the service PKMS).

As the core process of AAOS, Google has implemented many services closely related to cars in CarService. We will briefly list the services. S
each car service will also have its own corresponding client. The table is as follows (not complete):

Service side Function Client

Service to manage the focus of

AppFocusService CarAppFocusManager
similar applications

CarAudioService car audio services CarAudioManager

car package management

CarPackageManagerService CarPackageManager
services

CarDiagnosticService Automotive Diagnostic Services CarDiagnosticManager

Automotive power management

CarPowerManagerService CarPowerManager
services

IInstrumentClusterNavigaiton Instrument navigation service

IInstrumentClusterManagerServcie instrument service IInstrumentClusterManager

CarProjecitonService Screen casting service CarProjecitonManager

VmsSubscriberService Vehicle map service VmsSubscriberManager

CarBluetoothService Car Bluetooth service CarBluetoothManager

CarStorageMonitoringService Car Storage Monitoring Service CarStorageMonitoringManager

CarDrivingStateService Car driving status service CarDrivingStateManager

Automotive User Experience Think it’s One-clic

CarUXRestrictionsService CarUXRestrictionsManager
Limitation Services pretty good? collectio
broadview_java focus on 3 twenty
 CarConfigurationService Car configuration service CarConfigurationManager

CarTrustedDeviceService Credit equipment management CarTrustAgentEnrollmentManager

CarMediaService media management services CarMediaManager

CarBugreportManagerService Error reporting service CarBugreportManager

[Remarks]: The version of aosp has been updated, and there are more and more services. The author has only listed some of them. For reference

In terms of naming, it is relatively easy to associate the above objects with related services. The more special one is CarInfoManager.

CarSensorManager, CarHvacManager, CarCabinManager, CarVendor-ExtensionManager and CarPropertyManager all correspond to CarPropertyS

service will be introduced in detail later in the article.

3. CarService startup process

After understanding the main components of CarService, let's take a look at the startup process of CarService and see what it does during the
process. As the core service of AAOS, CarService needs to always run in the background and early in the system startup. Create. Timing diagram:

The detailed code is as follows:

/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java

1 if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)) {
2 traceBeginAndSlog("StartCarServiceHelperService");
3 mSystemServiceManager.startService(CAR_SERVICE_HELPER_SERVICE_CLASS);
4 traceEnd();
5 }

Then jump to the startService method in the SystemServiceManager.java file

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/SystemServiceManager.java

1 public SystemService startService(String className) {

2 final Class<SystemService> serviceClass;
3 try {
4 serviceClass = (Class<SystemService>)Class.forName(className);
5 } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
6 Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + className); Think it’s One-clic
7 throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + className pretty good? collectio
8 + ": service class not found, usually indicates that the caller should "
broadview_java focus on 3 twenty
9 + "have called PackageManager.hasSystemFeature() to check whether the "
 10 + "feature is available on this device before trying to start the "
11
+ "services that implement it", ex);12 }
13 return startService(serviceClass);
14 }
15
16 public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
17
18 final String name = serviceClass.getName();
19 ....
20 try { // 注释1
21 Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
22 service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
23 ....
24 startService(service);
25 return service;
26 ...
27 }
28
29 public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) {
30 // Register it.
31 mServices.add(service);
32 // Start it.
33 long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
34 try {
35 // 注释2 启动CarService
36 service.onStart();
37 .....
38 }

Note 1, the service is created through the method encapsulated by SystemServiceManager. Here SystemServiceManager creates the
CarServiceHelperService object through reflection, calls its onStart method, and enters the CarServiceHelperService.java file.

1 public void onStart() {

2 Intent intent = new Intent();
3 intent.setPackage("com.android.car");
4 intent.setAction(CAR_SERVICE_INTERFACE);
5 if (!getContext().bindServiceAsUser(intent, mCarServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE,
6 UserHandle.SYSTEM)) {
7 Slog.wtf(TAG, "cannot start car service");
8 }
9 System.loadLibrary("car-framework-service-jni");
10 }

Note 2: In the onStart method, an Intent is created, the package name and Action are set, and bindServiceAsUser is called to create and bind the as
CarService. At the same time, the relevant JNI library (car-framework-service-jni) is loaded.

Through the above source code snippets, we know that the target package name of the Intent is "com.android.car", the action is "android.car.ICar",
source code is globally searched for a matching Service.

packages/services/Car/service/src/com/android/car/CarService.java

1 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
2 xmlns:androidprv="http://schemas.android.com/apk/prv/res/android"
3 package="com.android.car"
4 coreApp="true"
5 android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system">
6
7
8
9 <service android:name=".CarService"
10 android:singleUser="true">
11 <intent-filter>
12 <action android:name="android.car.ICar" />
13 </intent-filter> Think it’s One-clic
14 </service> pretty good? collectio
15
broadview_java focus on 3 twenty
Through the above process, CarService will be started together with other services in the early stage of system startup, and its startup timing is con
LocationManagerService/NotificationManagerService/WallpaperManagerService.

From this point of view, CarService has the same status as other main system services. The difference is that CarService runs in an independen
while other services run in the SystemServer process.

On the other hand, it can be seen from the manifest file of CarService that CarService uses the system UID to run, which also ensures that CarServ
characteristics and permissions of system services.

In addition, the main functional implementation of AAOS car service is concentrated in CarService, and the coupling with the original Android Frame
source code is relatively small. In terms of source code management, the source code of CarService is managed in a separate warehouse.

The following is a simple architectural diagram to illustrate the relationship between CarService and Android's original system services: CarService r
independent process. As a supplement to the original Android service, it runs on the car device

AAOS architecture diagram

4. CarService source code analysis

When the service is started, its onCreate method is first called. The onCreate method of CarService is implemented as follows:

1 @Override
2 public void onCreate() {
3 Log.i(CarLog.TAG_SERVICE, "Service onCreate");
4 // 获取通知管理NotificationManager对象
5 mCanBusErrorNotifier = new CanBusErrorNotifier(this /* context */);
6 mVehicle = getVehicle();
7
8 if (mVehicle == null) {
9 throw new IllegalStateException("Vehicle HAL service is not available.");
10 }
11 try {
12 mVehicleInterfaceName = mVehicle.interfaceDescriptor();
13 } catch (RemoteException e) {
14 throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to get Vehicle HAL interface descriptor", e);
15 }
16
17 Log.i(CarLog.TAG_SERVICE, "Connected to " + mVehicleInterfaceName);
18
19 mICarImpl = new ICarImpl(this,
20 mVehicle,
21 SystemInterface.Builder.defaultSystemInterface(this).build(),
22 mCanBusErrorNotifier,
23 mVehicleInterfaceName);
24 mICarImpl.init();
25
26 linkToDeath(mVehicle, mVehicleDeathRecipient);
27
28 ServiceManager.addService("car_service", mICarImpl);
29 // 设置SystemProperty属性 carService 已创建 Think it’s One-clic
30 SystemProperties.set("boot.car_service_created", "1"); pretty good? collectio
31 super.onCreate(); broadview_java focus on 3 twenty
 32 }

Mainly did two things:

1. Obtain the HIDL Binder remote object related to the mVehicle vehicle;

2. Created the mICarImpl object and added it to the service list managed by ServiceManager.

The ICarImpl here plays the role of creating and managing each service. In its constructor, instances of each service are created and added to the s
The source code is as follows:

packages/services/Car/service/src/com/android/car/ICarImpl.java

1 public ICarImpl(Context serviceContext, IVehicle vehicle, SystemInterface systemInterface,

2 CanBusErrorNotifier errorNotifier, String vehicleInterfaceName) {
3 mContext = serviceContext;
4 mSystemInterface = systemInterface;
5 mHal = new VehicleHal(vehicle);
6 mVehicleInterfaceName = vehicleInterfaceName;
7 // 创建各种重要的服务
8 mUserManagerHelper = new CarUserManagerHelper(serviceContext);
9 final Resources res = mContext.getResources();
10 final int maxRunningUsers = res.getInteger(
11 com.android.internal.R.integer.config_multiuserMaxRunningUsers);
12 mCarUserService = new CarUserService(serviceContext, mUserManagerHelper,
13 ActivityManager.getService(), maxRunningUsers);
14 mSystemActivityMonitoringService = new SystemActivityMonitoringService(serviceContext);
15 mCarPowerManagementService = new CarPowerManagementService(mContext, mHal.getPowerHal(),
16 systemInterface, mUserManagerHelper);
17 mCarPropertyService = new CarPropertyService(serviceContext, mHal.getPropertyHal());
18 ....
19
20 // 将重要的服务缓存到 CarLocalServices
21 CarLocalServices.addService(CarPowerManagementService.class, mCarPowerManagementService);
22 CarLocalServices.addService(CarUserService.class, mCarUserService);
23 CarLocalServices.addService(CarTrustedDeviceService.class, mCarTrustedDeviceService);
24
25
26 // 将创建的服务对象依次添加到⼀个list中保存起来
27 List<CarServiceBase> allServices = new ArrayList<>();
28 allServices.add(mFeatureController);
29 allServices.add(mCarUserService);
30
31 .....
32 }

These created services are the car services introduced above.

5. How to use Car API

In the above introduction, CarServiceeach service we mentioned is essentially an implementation class of the AIDL interface, which belongs
server side, and the corresponding client side needs an IBinderobject to access the server side methods. These IBinderobjects are encapsulate
API in a XXXManagercategory.

5.1 Compile Car API

Before using the Car API, we need to compile the Car API into a jar, which is CarLib, so that it can be used by other system applications. The c
as follows:

make android.car android.car-system-stubs android.car-stubs

The output path of android.car.jar after successful compilation is:

Think it’s One-clic
pretty good? collectio
/out/soong/.intermediates/packages/services/Car/car-lib/android.car/android_common/javac/android.car.jar
broadview_java focus on 3 twenty
5.2 Using Car API
The use of Car API is not complicated, and there are roughly the following steps:

1. First, create the Car object through Car.createCar

1 if (getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)) {
2 Car carClient = Car.createCar(context, mCarServiceConnection);
3 }

Determine whether the system supports specific module functions through getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(String string)

The ServiceConnection object needs to be passed in. After CarService is successfully connected, the corresponding callback is received. If
onServiceConnected of ServiceConnection is called back, it means that the connection is successful and the corresponding service can be obtained

1 private final ServiceConnection mCarServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

2 @Override
3 public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
4 try {
5 CarInfoManager manager = (CarInfoManager) carClient.getCarManager(Car.INFO_SERVICE);
6 } catch (CarNotConnectedException e) {
7 Log.e(TAG, "Car not connected in onServiceConnected");
8 }
9 }
10
11 @Override
12 public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
13 }
14 };

2. After constructing the Car object, you still need to call it connect()to connect CarServiceto it.

carClient.connect();

[注意事项]connect()It can only be called once. If it is currently connected, connect()an exception will be thrown if called again. If the client doe
the exception, it will cause the client program to crash.

1 @Deprecated
2 public void connect() throws IllegalStateException {
3 synchronized (mLock) {
4 if (mConnectionState != STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
5 throw new IllegalStateException("already connected or connecting");
6 }
7 mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
8 startCarService();
9 }
10 }

3. In addition to connecting to the service, you also need to unbind the service when not using CarService and release resources through the discon
method:

carClient.disconnect();

The above three steps were used before (<=Android9). After Android10, the method of obtaining the Car object has been greatly simplified.

An application does not have to connect and accept callbacks before it can use the Car API, which means that methods to obtain a Car Manager ob
executed synchronously rather than asynchronously.

How to get the Car object in android10 and later:

1 if (getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)) {
2 Car carClient = Car.createCar(context); Think it’s One-clic
3 CarHvacManager manager = (CarHvacManager) carClient.getCarManager(Car.HVAC_SERVICE); pretty good? collectio
4 } broadview_java focus on 3 twenty
6. Summary
This article mainly explains the startup process of the CarService system service, as well as the creation and initialization process of some key

At the same time, we briefly introduce how the client obtains and uses the CarService object. As mentioned above, the CarService object is on
for obtaining each Manager. It itself does not undertake specific tasks such as managing sensors and air conditioners.

If you want to obtain vehicle-related information, such as vehicle speed, interior air-conditioning temperature, diagnostic information, or perform
controls on the vehicle, such as raising and lowering the air-conditioning temperature, controlling seats and windows, adjusting the volume, etc., you
specific The API and corresponding services in the Manager are implemented.

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