The elements of art and principles of design.

Line- line can be continuous or broken, straight or wavy, organic or geometric, round or angular, thin or think of
constant width or of freely varying widths.

Example show image of kathe Kollwitz self portrait with hand on her forehead in 1910.

Types of lines

1. Gesture lines- almost scribble line drawing that captures action or movements, sometimes done in
charcoal as preliminary sketch for a painting or more finished drawing.
2. Hatching lines- are a series of parallel lines varying degrees apart that can also create value.
3. Crosshatching lines- are sets of hatching lines that cross each other and also can create value.
4. Contour lines- are lines that surround and define the edges of a subject, giving it shape and volume.
5. Blind contour lines- is a contour line drawing where you only look at your object not your paper.

Texture- is how something feels when touched, or how it looks like it would feel if touched.

Types of texture

1. Actual texture- is the way a surface actually feels when you touch it, such as the roughness of the
bark on a tree.
2. Simulated texture- is how something looks like it would feel if touched. (touching a photograph)

Shape- is an enclosed 2 dimensional area measured with height and width. There are two different types of
shapes, geometric and organic.

Composition VIII 1923

Types of shape

1. Geometric shape- is a shape with mathematical design. They tend to be exact and are typically made
with straight lines except for circles and ovals.
2. Organic shape- is a shape with natural free flowing characteristics. (found in nature)

Form- is an enclosed 3 dimensional area measured with height, width and volume. There are two types of form
geometric and organic.

Michelangelo buinoratti (David 1501-1504 marble galleria dell’academia, Italy.

Types of shapes

1. Geometric Form- is a form with a mathematical design. They tend to be exact and are typically made
with straight lines (except for spheres)
2. Organic Form- is a form with natural free flowing characteristics. (found in nature)

Value- is the lightness and darkness of a color. It can also make a flat, 2 dimensional shape have the illusion of a
3 dimensional form. length, width, and height.

Color- occurs when light in different wavelengths hits our eyes

Show a color wheel

1. Hue is the color wheel name of the color such as yellow or yellow green
2. Tint- when white is added to a color to make it lighter value.
3. Shade- when black is added to a color make it darker value

Color schemes

Warm colors: yellow- green, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, red-orange, red, red-violet. These colors pop out at
you. They stand out.

Cool colors: Green, blue-green, blue, blue violet, violet. These colors recede into the background. Example starry
night.

Monochromatic- is when only one color and its values are used. Blue, light blue, darkblue.

Analogous- is 3 to 5 colors lined up in a row on the color wheel.

Complementary colors- are two colors directly across form each other on the color wheel.

Space- the distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things. Image of a person

Types of space

1. Position on picture plane- the higher up the objects are in a picture plane, the farther away’ they
seem to be. Example kung ikaw ay tumitingin sa isang gusali na nasa harap mo at ang iyong paningin ay
ganap na pahalang kung gayon ang picture plane ay patayo sa lupa at sa axis ng iyong paningin.

2. Size- objects get smaller as they move into the background.

nangyayari kapag ang mga bagay na mas malapit sa tumitingin ay pumipigil sa pagtingin sa mga bagay na
nasa likuran nila

4. Aerial Perspective- images in the background get hazier, cooler, lighter and duller in color. We see
sunset.
5. Linear perspective- linear perspective is a term used to describe the fact that lines which are parallel
in nature seem to converge in the distance. 1 point perspective and 2 point perspective.

Positive and Negative space

Positive space: is the actual image in composition. The main object

Negative space- the background areas around the images.

Emphasis- is used to make certain parts of artwork stand out and grab the viewers attention. Also known as a
focal point.
Contrast- is differences in values, colors, texture and other elements. If there is no contrast in an artwork it is
thought to be monotonous uninteresting and boring.

Movement- is the suggestion or illusion of motion in painting sculpture or design. Your eyes are led around the
composition, often to a focal point. Starry night\

Rhythm- movement created by repetition of elements in a composition. Take a picture of a fence

Patterns- repetition of elements throughout a composition

Unity- is using the elements to create a feeling that everything in the work of art works together and looks like it
fits. Painting of birds

Balance- describes how artist create visual weight.

Symmetrical balance- is when one side is a mirror image of the other

Asymmetrical balance- is when elements are not the same on each side of the axis, but the visual weight is still
balanced in the composition. When you paint a person nan aka side view

Radial Balance- is when all the elements radiate out from a central point. Fpr ex. Chandelier