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Laporan RFID

The document discusses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It provides three key points: 1) RFID uses radio frequency waves to automatically identify objects carrying tags, allowing things like access cards, transportation tickets, and inventory tracking. 2) RFID tags contain electronic chips that can store and transmit identification information to nearby readers without direct line-of-sight. 3) RFID has a long history dating back to World War II for aircraft identification, but has expanded significantly since the 1990s for both military and commercial applications in transportation, logistics, healthcare and many other industries.

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26 views

Laporan RFID

The document discusses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It provides three key points: 1) RFID uses radio frequency waves to automatically identify objects carrying tags, allowing things like access cards, transportation tickets, and inventory tracking. 2) RFID tags contain electronic chips that can store and transmit identification information to nearby readers without direct line-of-sight. 3) RFID has a long history dating back to World War II for aircraft identification, but has expanded significantly since the 1990s for both military and commercial applications in transportation, logistics, healthcare and many other industries.

Uploaded by

pietrasamudra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RFID

Nama : JB. Agung Adhie Pietra S


NIM : 2015-3-026
Kelas / No. : A / 08

For many of us, using a key to start a car, a card to access a building or room, using ski
lifts on a winter sports holiday and validating a bus or underground ticket have become part of
our daily routine. Without always realising it, we use automatic data capture technology that
relies on radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. This technology is known as Radio-Frequency
IDentification or RFID. Just as people use RFID as they go about their daily lives, objects also
use this technology, as they transit from manufacture to storage and finally the point of sale. Like
us, they also carry RFID tags. The difference between objects and ourselves is that they don’t
“voluntarily” present their RFID tag or card when asked. These tags are therefore read in very
different conditions and often require greater detection distances.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can be defined as follows: Automatic


identification technology which uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to identify objects
carrying tags when they come close to a reader.

Data (identification number for instance) included in the electronic chip of the RFID
label can be collected by the reader. This reader can also change the content of the label’s
memory.

However, RFID cannot be reduced to one technology. RFID uses several radio
frequencies and many types of tag exist with different communication methods and power
supply sources.
RFID tags generally feature an electronic chip with an antenna in order to pass information onto
the interrogator (also known as a base station or more generally, reader). The assembly is called
an inlay and is then packaged to be able to withstand the conditions in which it will operate. This
finished product is known as a tag, label or transponder.
The information contained within an RFID tag’s electronic chip depends on its application. It
may be a unique identifier (UII, Unique Item Identifier or EPC code, Electronic Product Code,
etc.). Once this identifier has been written into the electronic circuit, it can no longer be
modified, only read. (This principle is called WORM Write Once Read Multiple). Some
electronic chips have another memory in which users can write, modify and erase their own data.
These memories vary in size from a few bits to tens of kilobits.
RFID's History
1940

RFID was first used during World War II to identify aeroplanes (IFF: Identify Friendly
Foe). The objective was to use the aeroplane's radar signal to read an identification number in
order to identify whether they were allies or enemies.

1970

During the 1960-70s, RFID systems were still considered a secret technology used by the
army to control access into sensitive areas (nuclear plants etc.).

1980

Technological developments lead to the creation of passive tags.


This technology meant we no longer needed the energy to be embedded into the tag. Therefore
the price of the tag and its maintenance could be significantly reduced.

1990

Standardization for the interoperability of RFID equipment began.

1999

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) created the Auto-ID center - a research
center specialized in automatic identification (including RFID).

2004

The MIT Auto-ID center became the global EPC, an organism in charge of promoting the
EPC (Electronic Product Code) standard.

From2005

RFID technologies are now widely used in almost all industrial sectors (aerospace,
automotive, logistics, transport, health, life, etc.).. ISO (International Standard Organization)
took part in establishing technical and applicative standards that let to have a high degree of
interoperability or interchangeability.
From Identification to RFID
Electronic identification is divided into two parts:
- 'Contact' identification
- 'Contactless' identification

a. Contact identification

Refers to systems with communication ensured by electric contacts.


The two main examples of contact identification are:

- Memory: includes embedded memory functions on modules with different forms and sizes.
- Smart cards: the most famous smart cards are credit cards, SIM Card or social security card.

b. Contactless identification

We can divide contactless identifications into three parts:

 Line of sight - this kind of link requires a direct vision between the identifier and the
reader (laser, CCD Camera etc.) The most famous technology is linear bar code and 2D
codes (PDF417, QR Code, etc.).. The OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is also
widely used (scan MRZ (Machine Readable Zone) on passports or National Identity
Card).
 Infrared link - this kind of link allows a high rate of data, a high directivity and a great
range. These systems also require direct visibility.
 Radio-frequency links - this kind of link enables communication between the identifer
and an interrogator, without requiring direct visibility. It is also possible to control the
simultaneous presence of various identifiers .

RFID tags classification


A first classification for RFID tags is based on the presence or absence of an electronic chip.

RFID SAW tags (Surface Acoustic Wave) do not have integrated circuits.
Today they only represent a small part of the market ( a few %).
They are read-only transponders and do not include embedded energy. They are also called RF
barcode.

1 bit RFID tags are passive systems with capacitive diodes, called "1 bit transponders ".
This bit indicates if the tag is present of not in the interrogator's field of action. They are
widely used as anti-theft system.

RFID tags with integrated circuits are the most used systems on the actual market. They are
composed of an antenna and an integrated circuit.

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