Identify 3 differences between plant and animal cells
- Plant cells have a cell wall animals’ cell don’t
- Plant cells have chloroplasts animals’ cells don’t
- Plant cells have plastids animals’ cells don’t
Cell Cycle
Also known as Mitosis. Is an event when cells grows and divide due to reasons of
repair of skin, reproduction of cells, or growth of cells.
3 reasons why Cells divide
- For growth of the organism
- For repair of damaged cells
- For reproduction
Mitosis
Mitosis ensures genetic continuity because the original cell is duplicates into 2
new cells that have full copies of the DNA and genetic information
Key events in :
- Interphase : Cell grows and DNA is duplicated
- Prophase : Chromosomes are shown and nucleus is shown
- Metaphase: Chromosomes move to middle Nucleus disappears
- Anaphase: Chromosomes split off and move to opposite sides
- Telophase: Nucleus comes back (divides into 2)
- Cytokinesis: The 2 Cells have been created
Centrioles
Only found in animals’ cells and are used to reproduce. They release long stiff
fibers called microtubules that split the cell apart during cell division.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is an event when the cell is broken down by proteins for growth and
reproduction.
Differences between normal and cancer cells
- Growth and Communication
- Cell repair
- Function
- Appearance
Stem Cells
Stem cells are the body’s raw materials. They repair the body’s broken cells and
are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the
body. There are two main types
- Embryonic stem cells : These cells are used to regenerate or repair
diseased tissue and organs
- Adult Stem Cells : These are stem cells found in bones and fat that
replenish dying cells.
Organelle
A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by membrane and has a specific
function
Lysosome : Break down large molecules and dead cells
Centriole: Act as cells Skelton. Easy to find nucleus with this
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Modes of tubes that help transport material around the
cell
Cell Theory
- All living things are made up of cells
- A cell is the basic unit of living things
- Cells come for pre-existing cells
Cancer : That uncontrollably rapid growth of cell division surrounding tissues
Nerve Cells
A nerve cell (neuron) consists of a large cell body and nerve fibers—one elongated
extension (axon) for sending impulses and usually many branches (dendrites) for
receiving impulses.
Blood Cells It is covered with a membrane composed of lipids and proteins, lacks a nucleus,
and contains hemoglobin—a red iron-rich protein that binds oxygen.
True and false
a) F
b) T
c) T
d) T
e) T
f) T
g) T
h) F
i) T
Multiple Choice
A. d
B. a
C. b
D. a
E. b
F. c
G. d
H. B C
I. B
J. D
K. C
1. Growth and Communication, Cell repair, Function Appearance
2. Cell wall, Chloroplasts
3. PMAT
4. All living things are made up of cells, A cell is the basic unit of living
things, Cells come for pre-existing cells
5. Tissues are evenly through the body; Organs are made out of tissues.
Both perform similar functions. Connective Tissue, Epithelial tissue
Liver, Kidneys
6. The structure of the unicellular is made up of a single cell. The structure
of multicellular organisms is made up of numerous cells. use cell division
to reproduce, in a process called asexual reproduction.
7. Mitosis in healthy cells will automatically stop producing so DNA
damage doesn’t occur. Mitosis in Cancer cells won’t stop diving because
cancer is when cells don’t stop growing
1. Nerve Cells
A nerve cell (neuron) consists of a large cell body and nerve fibers—one
elongated extension (axon) for sending impulses and usually many
branches (dendrites) for receiving impulses.
Blood Cells It is covered with a membrane composed of lipids and proteins,
lacks a nucleus, and contains hemoglobin—a red iron-rich protein that
binds oxygen.
a) Animal cell Plant Cell
A. Nucleus: Holds Genetic information and controls the cells
B. Golgi Apparatus: Sends proteins throughout the body
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Produces protein for the rest of the cells to
function
D. Chloroplast: Produces energy through photosynthesis
E. Vacuole: Storage for water and food for later use and waste for removal
F. Mitochondria: Utilizes energy released during when we eat food. Primary
source for growth
b) Cell wall, Chloroplasts
