The lgneous Rocks
SI.
Mineral Composition
No Physical Character Essential Type Texture Name
Accessary
Hornblende, Medium to
Light coloured (usually Quartz and
Biotite or
Acid, Coarse Grained,
white, greyish, fleshy etc.), Muscovite, Plutonic Equigranular,
feldspar Pyroxene(Augit
medium to coarse grained, (orthoclase and interlocking GRANITE
massive, hard, compact, e and
and Leucocrat|Phanerocrystallin
with uneven fracture and Hypersthene), ic
Plagioclase) iron Oxide,
medium sp. Gravity (Hypidiomorphic)
Apatite, ctc.
Fine Grained,
Light coloured ,Fine Equigranular,
grained, massive, hard, interlocking
2 compact, with uneven Same as Granite APLITE
Phanerocrystallin
fracture and medium sp.
Gravity (Allotriomorphic)
Graphic
intergrowths
between the GRAPHIC
3 Same as Granite Quartz and GRANITE
Feldspar, Graphic
Texture
Phenocrysts of
Feldspar are
scattered in a fine
Same as Granite groundmass of PHYLLITE
4
Smaller crystals
porphyritic
granular texture
Quartz,
Feldspar(Ort Same as Granite UNAKITE
Same as Granite hoclase and
Plagioclase)
and Epidote
Quartz, Apatite, Acid,
Light coloured,Very Feldspar(0rt Plutonic
Very Coarse
coarse grained, massive, Tournaline, Grained, PEGMATI
hoclase and and
6 hard, compact, with uneven Topaz Equigranular, TE
Plagioclase) Lepidolite Beryl Leucocrat
fracture and medium sp. Muscovite, ic
Interlocking
Casssiterite, etc.
Gravity Biotite.
Acid,
Volcanic, Phenocryst of
Light coloured ,Grey, Red, Phenocryst Leucocrat Quartz in the
Yellow etc. Aphanitic of Quartz in ic aphanitic RHYOLIT
Groundmass with large the micro (Volcanic Groundmass,
Quartz grains, Vesicular, crystalline equivalent porphyritic
groundmass Aphanitic texture
hard, compact, to
fess suefare Granite)riaefane
Pure Black coloured, Fine Glassy
grained, Massive, hard, modification
Same as
Glassy Texture
compact, with of Rhyolite (Holocrystalline OBSIDIAN
Subconchoidal fracture and (Quartz And Rhyolite Texture)
Low to medium Sp. Gravity Feldspar)
Byhyan
9
Lusture, Fine Grained,
Compact, Hard with Same As Obsidian
Subconchoidal fracture and PITHSTO
low to medium sp. Gravity NE
Light Coloured, Medium Leucocrat
Grained, Massive, Potash ic
10 Compact, Hard, with Fcldspar, Nephalinc, Mica intermedi
uneven Fracture and Hormblande, etc. Pyroxene Same as Granite
and Quartz rare. ate and SYENITE
medium Sp. Gravity Biotite etc.
Hypabyss
al
Potash
Light Coloured, Medium to Feldspar
Coarse Grained, Massive, (Orthoclase)
11 as
Compact, Hard, with Same as Syenite Porphyritic SYENITE
uneven Fracture and Phenocrysts,
Hornblande granula texture PORPHYR
medium Sp. Gravity and others
Y
are smaller
Plagioclase
feldspar are
approximatel
y equal in
12 Same as Syenite amount with Same as Syenite MONZONI
orthoclase TE
and
microcline
Biotite etc.
Light Coloured, Large Volcanic, Large grains of
Phenocryst Leucocrat feldspar embeded
Grained, embedded in a of feldspar in the fine grained
fine grained groundmass, embeded in ic
13 ground mass TRACHYT
Massive, Compact, Hard, the fine (volcanic
with uneven Fracture and equivalent porphyritic E
grained aphanitic texture
medium Sp. Gravity ground mass to
(Trachytic
Syenite)
Texture)
Potash Volcanic
Leucocrat
Feldspar May contain ic
14 Hornblende Leucite PHONOLI
Same as Syenite Biotite (Volcanic Same as Trachite
Pyroxene, equivalent
TE
nephaline, Amphiboles etc.
etc.
|Canse te. Medium
Dark Coloured, Medium to Plagioclase Quartz as Phenerocrystallin
Coarsge Grained, Massive, feldspar, Accessary When Plutonic, e, Equigranular,
15 Compact, Hard, with Orthoclase, Quartz High in Mesocrati Interlocking, DIORITE
Uneven Fracture, Medium Biotite, Diorite It is c Rock Hypidiomorphic
Hormblende, Allotriomorphic,
Spe. Gravity
Pyroxene
Granodiorite
Granular,
Porphyritic
Medium to Fine
-
Pyroxene, Basic, grained,
Augite,
Hornblende,
16 Same as diorite Olivine, Hypab s Phenerocrystallin DOLERIT
Plagioclase, Chlorite a,Melicr e, inequigranular,
Iron O atic interlocking
(ophitictexture)
Mcdium to Finc
Plagioclase Biotite, Hypabaså Graincd
Fcldspar, hornblende, I Basicor Phanerocrystallin
17 Pyroxene(Di Sphene, Apatit Ultrabasic LAMPROP
Same as diorite c, cquigranullar,
opside & HYRE
Augite), iron Zeolite, Chlorite Mclanocr
atic
Interlocking
ore
ctc. (Panidiomorphic
texturc)
Coarse Graincd,
Pyroxcne Biotite,
Plutonic, Phanerocrystallin
(Olino Basic
c,incquigranullar, GABBRO
18 Same as diorite
Pyroxene and
Hormblende, Melanocr
plagioclase)
iron ore
atic interlocking(
poikilitic texture)
Pyroxene
19 Same as diorite
(Orthopyroxe Same as Gabbro NORITE
ne) and
Plagioclase
Coarse Grained,
Pyroxene Plutonic,
Phanerocrystallin
Coarse Grained, Light (Augite and Basic,
, Equigranular, ANORTH
Plagioclase Hypersthene) (Hypidiomorphic
20 Coloured, Hard, Heavy, (Labradorite) Leucocrat OSITE
Massive, Compact and Amphibole ic
or
(Hornblende) Allotriomorphic
Grannular Textue
Coarse Graine,
Plutonic, Phanerocrystallin
Pyroxene Serpentine, Ultrabasic e, incquigranular PERIDOTI
21 Same as Diorite (Diopside) Amphibole ,Melanocr TE
Olivine Hornblende (Poikilitic
atic
Texture)
Pyroxene,
Same as Diorite Olivine
Amphibole, Same as Peridotite DUNITE
22 serpentine,
Spinels ctc.
PYROXEN
Pyroxene Biotite, Same as Peridotite
23 Same as Diorite and Olivine Hornblende ITE
Basic,
Volcanic Fine Grained,
Dark Coloured, Fine (Volcanic aphanitic,
Grained, Massive, Pyroxene Olivine, Equivelen Interlocking, BASALT
24 Compact, Hard with (Augite), Hypersthene,Ho tto Incquigranular,
uneven fracture and high Plagioclase mblende (Holocrystalline
Gabbro,
Sp. Gravity Enshtile Melanocr or Subophitic)
atic
Glass yary
Piyant
Lhe Sedimentry Rocks
SI.
No Physical Cement Or
Character Matrix Composition Texture Type Name
Variable Colour
(White, Grey,
Reddish,Yellow
ctc.) Medium
10% Medium Grained,
Siliceous Quartz 85% to 90% Sub- Angular to
Grained, Massive, Cement Rounded, Medium Arenaceou ORTHOQU
ARTZITE
Compact, Hard, with Sorted, Clastic
Medium spc. gravity Texture (Sandstone)
2
Same As Orthoquartzite Quartz 50% and feldspar
40% Same As Orhoquartzite ARKOSE
Medium (Sandstone)
3 Same As Ferruginous
or coloured Quartz, Feldspar, Chlorite, Grained,
Orthoquartzite matrix Clay, Rock fragments etc. Angular to Sub Arenaceou GRAYWAK
Angular, S
E(Sandstone)
Unsorted,
Variable coloured, Clastic Texture
4
Coarse grained, Coarse Grained,
Massive, Compact, Same As Orthoquartzite
Angular, Well Arenaceou
Hard, with Medium Laminated
spe. gravity sorted, Clastic S GRIT
Texture
Variable coloured, Ferruginous
Very Coarse ,Calcareous
grained, Massive, and
Coarse Grained,
Compact, Hard, with Quartz and Feldspar Rounded,
High spe. gravity Siliceous
Cement
Unsorted, clastic Rudaceous CONGLOME
RATE
Texture
6 Coarse Grained,
Same as Conglomerate Angular,
Unsorted, clastic Rudaceous BRECCLA
Variable coloured, Texture
fine grained, Soft, Argellaceous materials such
7
Compact, Thinly Argillaceou as clay and muds, Fine Grained
Laminated with Low s Cement sometimes it contains fossil well sorted Argillaceo
clastic texture SHALE
spe. gravity plant remains
Variable coloured,
fine grained, Soft,
(Scratched by knife) Chiefly calcite and
8 Compact, Massive Carbonate Fine Grained
(Sometimes beded) Cement dolomite, Quartz, Clay etc. ,Well Sorted,
may present non clastic LIMESTONE
with Low spe.
gravity
Red or Brown
coloured, fine
grained, Compact, Ferruginous Mainly Limonite together Fine grained,
Massive andporous, Cement with some Quartz or other Well sorted,
Hard with High spe. minerals Clastic LATERITE
gravity
Brownish Black Mainly Carbonaceous
coloured, fine materials, Partially altered
10 grained, Soft, Carbonaceou vegetable matter, Upper
Compact, Massive S matrix surface consist of some Finegrained
fibrous and Spongy, living plants, Peat is the first Clastic PEAT
with Low spe. gravity stage in the formation of coal
from vegitable matter
