Scribd
Upload
811 views4 pages

Partition Coefficient of Benzoic Acid Exp

The document describes an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of benzoic acid between dichloromethane and water. Benzoic acid was dissolved in both dichloromethane and water, then the concentrations in each layer were measured after equilibrium was reached. The partition coefficient was calculated as the concentration of benzoic acid in dichloromethane divided by its concentration in water. The results found that benzoic acid has a partition coefficient of 3.1, favoring dichloromethane over water.

Uploaded by

javeria namoos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
811 views4 pages

Partition Coefficient of Benzoic Acid Exp

The document describes an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of benzoic acid between dichloromethane and water. Benzoic acid was dissolved in both dichloromethane and water, then the concentrations in each layer were measured after equilibrium was reached. The partition coefficient was calculated as the concentration of benzoic acid in dichloromethane divided by its concentration in water. The results found that benzoic acid has a partition coefficient of 3.1, favoring dichloromethane over water.

Uploaded by

javeria namoos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Experiment no 4 :

Determination Of Partition Coefficient Of Substance Between Two Immiscible Liquids


➢ What is Partition Coefficient ?
A partition coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one medium or phase (C1)
to the concentration in a second phase (C2) when the two concentrations are at equilibrium; that
is, partition coefficient = (C1/C2)equil.

➢ Applications of Partition Coefficient:


The concept detailing how solutes partition into a solvent is the basis for chemical techniques like
chromatography. There are several different types of chromatography, including paper
chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-pressure liquid chromatography
(HPLC). In each technique, a mixture containing a solute is dissolved in a mobile liquid solvent
and then passed over a stationary material. In paper chromatography, the stationary material is
paper, in TLC the stationary phase consists of a thin layer of silica, and in HPLC the stationary
material is absorbed onto a metal column.
Partition coefficients are also widely utilized in the research and development of drugs. To
function in the human body, drugs might have to partition into water-based environments (like
blood) or cross lipid-rich environments (like the cell membrane). How well a drug partitions into
different environments within the body determines its efficacy.

➢ Liquid-Liquid Extractions :
We call the process of moving a species from one phase to another phase an extraction. Simple
extractions are particularly useful for separations where only one component has a favorable
partition coefficient. Several important separation techniques are based on a simple extraction,
including liquid–liquid, liquid–solid, solid–liquid, and gas–solid extractions. The most
important group of separation techniques uses a selective partitioning of the solute between two
immiscible phases. If we bring a phase containing a solute, S, into contact with a second phase,
the solute partitions itself between the two phases, as shown by the following equilibrium
reaction.

Sphase 1 ⇌ Sphase 2
The equilibrium constant for this equilibrium is :
Kd = Sphase 2 / Sphase 1
Is called the distribution constant or partition coefficient. If KD is sufficiently large, then the
solute moves from phase 1 to phase 2. The solute remains in phase 1 if the partition coefficient is
sufficiently small.

1
➢ Principle :
This experiment aimed to determine the partition coefficient of benzoic acid between
dichloromethane and water. The process involved dissolving benzoic acid in dichloromethane and
extracting it into water. The concentration of benzoic acid in each layer was then measured to
calculate the partition coefficient.

➢ Introduction :
The partition coefficient measures the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents.
In this experiment, benzoic acid was chosen as the solute, and the solvents used were
dichloromethane and water. The partition coefficient (P) is given by the ratio of the concentrations
of the solute in each solvent layer.

➢ Material Required :

• Dichloromethane
• Distilled Water
• Sodium Sulfate
• Benzoic Acid

➢ Apparatus :

• Separatory Funnel
• Volumetric Flask
• Beakers
• Pipette
• Water Bath
• Glass stirring Rod

➢ Process Diagram :

2
➢ Procedure:
1. Add 0.1g of Benzoic acid to 250ml flask.
2. Add 25ml of dichloromethane and 25 ml of Distilled water into the flask.
3. The mixture was shaken until all the material dissolves, and then transferred to Separatory
funnel.
4. The mixture is vigorously shaken to ensure proper mixing .
5. Two separate layers were observed one is of dichloromethane and other one is aqueous .
6. The lower methylene chloride was drawn into the flask.
7. 1g of sodium sulfate was added to dichloromethane and stirred to facilitate drying. The
solution turns clear from cloudy .
8. After the solution appeared dry, it is filtered and transferred into a clean pre weighed dry petri
dish.
9. The petri dish is placed in oven and solvent from the sample is evaporated .
10. The petri dish is re weighed to determine the weight of benzoic acid extracted into the original
dichloromethane layer.
11. At last Partition coefficient was calculated and melting point of benzoic acid was measured.

➢ Calculation of Partition Coefficient of Benzoic Acid:

Given Information :
Mass of benzoic acid added = 0.1g
Volume of dichloromethane = 25ml
Volume of Distilled Water = 25ml
Mass of sodium sulfate added= 1g
Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122g/mol

Calculate moles of benzoic acid:


No of moles = mass / molar mass

3
= 0.1g / 122g/mol
Moles of benzoic acid = 0.0008mol

Calculate Concentrations:
Concentration = moles / volume
Concentration of benzoic acid in water = 0.0008 mol /0.075 L
= 0.0106mol /L
Concentration of benzoic acid in dichloromethane (after adding sodium sulfate)
= 0.0008 mol / 0.025 L
= 0.032 mol /L

Calculate Partition Coefficient :


P = Concentration in organic layer (dichloromethane )/ Concentration in water
P= 0.032 mol/L / 0.0106 mol/L
P= 3.018
Benzoic acid has a partition coefficient of 3.1 (favoring dichloromethane) when distributed
between water and dichloromethane.

Questions
Q.1 What does partition coefficient represent?
Ans: A partition coefficient is an equilibrium constant that describes the ratio of a solute in two
different solvents. The partition coefficent has no units.
Q.2 How do you calculate Kd partition coefficient?
Ans: A partition coefficient is the ratio of a solute in two different solvents. Solubility (grams per
100 mL) or molarity concentrations (mole per liter) are often used to evlauate the partition
coefficient.
Q.3 What immiscible liquids used typically to test partition coefficients of drugs?
Ans: The partition coefficient of a drug may be determined by shaking it with equal parts of two
immiscible solvents (the organic layer, which is saturated with water, and the aqueous drug
solution) until equilibrium is attained.

You might also like