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525 views69 pages

Serway Modern Physics Solutions Manual 3 PDF Free

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terrence5353
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1 Relativity I 11 Fo, Consider the qposel css of content mass Then this equation reduces to y=, tn ati wera and =r yar bet cas atthe thtscence drat usartny Gene’ ae wong neo teddy Sette en at, «2 Thee om eng ky conto wala y= sme end tho vaca Seen icatinicpsheadbe Denny enay sey co iny way Ne ecodliw Ete ay blvald ae tone we nce Ra Bhan Mageanpcer DP npemy Rew finer wees nvr ae palin Ghtgachger eying Tethers pee (General elativiy) wheve an accelerated eference fumes equivalent toa reference ame ‘wth universal gaia fel 19 INTHERESTFRAME: Ten ele collision enorgy and momentum aro conserved. emyontiayy (09 WgXS a9)4(02 Kg -3 mY) Pomeu maha 09 ig ‘ic oqnon a two untnon exept cemeraon of Kt rey Iyetiedmal ebm tne engl nd cameron of pment oe fd at 13] fe andy 687m oy» 136 sary 68 Te dlls in ha sc he rcng tenon te remraceonsettematent punts ne tovnicsreavonges tesserae =714 pana y=65 ms pos kgm Tha IN THE MOVING FRAME: ‘Make wae of the Calcen vost traneformation equations =m, +0; where 1nf3)=7 ans. Say, v1 mo and pf 19 eg m/s ind Pits op=rq 0 and eco the prime system isnot moving the fl ‘Using these resullsgive pf =15 kg-mjs. 15 ut 1 Tisisa' cf lation T= pT” in thi problem withthe proper time T*=y intiscneFaan,o=[t-[e “The proterstolvedty wsingtime dihton Thiss also aca of v<y) Using the Febivstisoxprestion p= y= ve eves pre {94010 4g) 25910" ys) He" a235y or nys@ni0™ S) 01267 m. ‘ey values corresponding to this valueare four from y= 02509 61010" =0 for 0251 m, 0.02 2m, Daring the fest anserbecanse 7 rust be greater than leaves ¥~1002 48 ain gpod agreement Wilh Yayens = (0.002 420.00 8m 17 map (09561 gjomt{ Ser =sauncio™ g, BE crvseingn( 2A ate lua E (sare 1g) 220.018 ny cto. Using 1=(ME}EAM wend the liferentcharpscn the dzops tobe: sean. 036s rax10 © ome ENC a=(2595010 o} aa 3876x10 € ma6xi0® ¢ sasext0® C % % y= Mnsx10™ C te=%651x10 C [Poses seg [hare ateennspeio c (ache by inspection) 9-99" 998 ais 4g 0080 4-505 4-42 67 nents una 992 ynmeear Ita 325 y-45 658 Is = 095 1-44-50 ue an 66r Se ” an 45 CHAPTERA —THEPARTICLENATUREOF MATTER ‘The inl enengy ofthe eystem of aps copper nucleus is 139 MeV ands ut the kinetic nang ofthe een the ifr fam the ncleus- Te inal energy ofthe system way be ‘raha tt pint of closest approsch when the kinetic energy i a and the potential Treg 202 wri pros pe th ar ef pre: veg convervation of energy E,= Ey, K=O or az _(ayss{seoxi0™ 699210") 20x10 (69917) gon ct ® m. Ke” (139x10° eV (50x10 eV) Ae a Forth air sere ny 22:m)=3 4, 5,0 The it ie lines in the cares have wavelengths gen by 2 =A(2e~“) where R=109737 10" tetine and ine Sealine R one, gg n00-3 TE (aed 6) Twiswavelengh cannotbelongto either series Both the Paschen and Brack sees Erinthe i region whereas the waveengdvof 1026 nn He inthe UV regen, |e) Thoenergy levels of hydeoger-tke on whese charge numbers is given by renin eo SAS oy 2. te (Portlet, 2=2 so wesee tht tha ionization onary the energy required 0 ake the acon fre the state =f the ate n= fs B= (136 V3 = SA for z=2, (te!) wy at (SL Ina (2 let patio Tayo aie? Natl cana OF 5.0%10" ap (Fork, 202,70 26610 m-00255 0m ett, 7710" m=00177 Feeney 13210" m=0913 2 49 anccassen( 4-2) -crasev(! 2) pamper © (asta ev 22 sn ® seni a) 2-2 cine yh tnt wu eer oa meh sont © 3 “1 0 mene of OBESE NSIC 6 ng) eg af 4 CHAPTERA THE PARTICLE NATUREOP MATTER @ wo ww ° 4 @) Keeney §)-ts0sa0! He aio evs) Jo awe arn 7 15° Og and foe x DIE Nic sne10™ CF fo = omc aber wl fon #244810" He (2 =9) fos “10x10 Hien =4) Thus the photon frequency about halfway between the to frequencies ofthe 1 y(t JAG tea tgeecinni ar! aoa ergy tte crv Namen MoE, otras and energy mite centred Nomen: eB, energy E-Egen +E Me whore Mis the aos asters Vy, Fas the photons cneigy and Bis the energy cilloerice Between the n= 3 and n=1 states Contining equations o +220 FF =0 and using the qudretic formas, o a @) o © ope rinsics 39 21 E orpa cent 2 = or BE cei, 92 ores the secondo which sno physta-Thus in Forth n=3 fon =1 transition in particu, (200 (66850™ Je(L30%20" a") ~ yaaa eg saDa0" wpe) 2 aaron er er Fan Tem Boog | Bed? a?) e2[3-3) \_ (ict [oe] PS Can ine 24 aque of mtd adition sr ton he inlet teqaency and the a. ‘Abr >= theta and nal rata roqsoncis squeeze closer together making the frequency of emitted ration eqal othe ctl frequency Tie reelt grote with Bolts conrespondence principle 43 435 w 49 CHAPTER THERARTICLENATURBOF MATTER x10 pf to a eon Fan Z nie"2 rim, 9910? Nw FEYLeEtO™ CPD that his means the muon gras the nls ute, and 0 expeients rit monic atoms {gee information abut the ruler charge dstibation ne = 31x10" m. Note Done? et wie'Z? wre ee te 2 (Using m=20r0,, a =1, and Z=62 yiekls Z~189 MeV. (Using the reduced mase makes no ference in the answers thre signifant iguves) tM. ene 2 faba CT Serta 2 (22222) 2) tere tegen 38 =(3 Falco hod par laehme 1 ge+ MV? 449. Conservation of momnentan, (Baeytelance: 2 ni (e+ MV where m4, = electron mass, 9=electron speed, gms ond comenon seed fhe elecron and Hg atercolison,Substuting V= 5 1 Ap, eay_it tie totegaon sree gina Mt gsaer in on gies ata ‘(m, +My Ms 2.7410, (ng = 549x107 u, M= 200.6 a), | Mae (oe » (cori) Pf tl antl, (49( He bv aga sazbar* wpe asmorseev ta m+. 1a i )vo{emiasven)* (axa Ic sapao%eotatntt a © V=(}o-(erbea0*anan! mye)=3.60 mys “eM mn? i 0 wis n (os(osttxro* ev) O82 93.68 10" ev. Yesitir @ Fe ues Bone? wih Justied to assume the eaccon lose lls intc anergy MODERNTHYSICS 2 SAL Liquid Oy, dy =1209 nm, B= Me = LPB 977 eV foreach elec. Fortwo sede, = Er sig eel sob! Os ope ibe w 6 ‘Suppose te som sve inte 4 dition, The sbeorpion ofa photon by an atrn is completly inlet colisin, deebed by nod) me eo 9-1) ‘This happens promplly every time an stern as fallen buck nto the ground late, soit happensevery 10" ¢=a¢. Ten, Figso0 x10? mio 5) 10° ®)—Withconvtant average ceclaton, of = 2a, 0-~(10" mye)? +2[-20° mete (a0 mys)* wa 5 Matter Waves 689 x10 Js ge 8 sa ob $8910 35 (06 gy) 3.97 x10" Test eg 9) § 668x106 aye rpsa0% m 53 Fig 8 m/e)=17I0 3 @ ey 224d] ne, ‘we aus se the celainsticexpresion for K when pe wc Here pe=labevccme? S11 eV, seca wee sa epesion tr KK HEE ANY ormev 2 ae? "Ost Mev) (©) Becton with 2050 am p= Je av ro camper? irx10® eV) sin 0) Ao pe> ne «511 MeV The energy he leone B=(p Ponte) -flcess30 ke-al(0a0 ail s(osusan ey uaesa0” yor] =199.00" J=taba. ev MODERNPENSICS 95 (Tyne neg oe te ei cn ented Asn aries ws pith gh ret i ein ‘decent ope es pase wile rer ervmvogopn A he pthengh iteeeheen inane refecson fem plane is ghuenby (7.012) we nd that a reflection from the SO" plane has {path diferenes of 552 withthe suefacerelletion, and consequently cncalsthe surace {ebecton. Esta all wave reflected at @ will ened asthe wave eect from the ‘second plane willbe canceled by areflccon fiom the St pane cr 2 9. 515 Forales noncoaviicletion = "22 = gto waventmber and angular ‘requeny ofthe eecons de rope wave are gen by p=Ak and E=Ae, substng these sar apa (ney pe onc B= and p= ha=[ee (me) or worfpostenty @ fee olin ft ferent Therefore, ep 1m.+125 = 225m, 525 Tome teeny with ofthe yy we 3 ce 5810 Ve 2.2010 eV, * (aan0s307 5) Aste inisic energy width of ~ 3310 eV sso much ess Can the expeimentl fevson of #5 6, Heinle width be measured using his meted 7 30 Ge? ___flasxtot ev-A) 10" evyesas AP 5t6eV Withonesit open =I¥ oF the wovefunctene amin phese > Jf -With both sits open, P= + Ate moximum, avteet? ‘Ata minimum the wavefunctions ae cut of phase and mel-rot Non Bell 25 of ae aR ra" Fos (WINN! _ LD? Pan I= Ba SAND um, because he momentum risngle and space tangle oscmip, _(oSemp.ay _(05%10 m}O.00 bg 100 m(210° m co PIO 95x10" m ‘Once again we see thatthe unc macroscopic ster ty slain has no ebsorvebe consequences for 50 CHAPTERS MATTER WAvES 533 Femtheuncetsinty principle, AEW~A ave bn he WTC ai Die” De HI Ly, A eu gag A pee, i 535) fips Jou 0 Bg ANT Be 0) farm Toye Te tain Reef, lat ‘Now complete the squae in orerto get the integral nto the standard frm Jota eA tle _ go ith ah bel et PP sore a fpettes Teta A chee wee e+t-(i ty) ane Tet eset, 1p actee ‘Thereal ptt eRe Refed= Ace snk nba gun ots suliplying aburmonic wave with rave number ky plot of Refs) fashion below Refte) MODERN PINKS 3 sv 024m ‘ The tec fightic st ~ SE = 0287 ga ts. The current when electrons ee peeeeeee Sane wy ¢ 16x10 c tit maze & Bam apactis =f f= EE 6 Quantum Mechanics in One Dimension 61) Nokaceptabe dvrgesas x1. ©) Acceptable © Aasepaia (2) Notacepibl-note singlerabod faction (©) Neeacepable~ the wares discontinuous (vs the lope) 63) Aas{2£)=asr(sea0s)0(22 550610" OT ato Me Ke mesma ag $2610 te OF eo ya0 Gente) 2) Toto? We <5 ie) Sangster ah 2 w() an) res 1) pal 2 tt y= ar? enon Ya (aan! 643 of 2 GON ee ge ae ie ®)—_Ueayisaparabolacentered at x=0 with UO) Since the partie confined tothe box, dx sin be no ager than the box length With n= 0, the parienergyF, =! au eo See the energy alae thisinpen sme movingleftasriht Ts for this case Ap, 4x0, in violation ofthe uncertainty an Abe oe¥ ame)? _ fan x1 eV ‘BE Giaxig® ev “Taisethe gama ey gion fhe slacmagretic pct nine post cg, the oxi cplaed rom Lb, Ascorngly, wemay ssn the ZalZ) ots ov ® » @ o MopERNENSCS Proton inaboxof width L=0200 nm= 2310"? m (eet F0) Gr iar at0™ ngaxt0™ wh _ 8x0 j Toxo” ye =s13xa0" ev leon in the same bos eit, (tenon J) * nga 10 aeRO = 1506,10" J=940 eV ‘The electron hata much higher energy bocauto tse much less massive, Sas. treed oe Son tra nininam [S734 “aoa (653x105, (Gafoii 10 He) oe 10" Nom Cox since the kum spacing sa where Ne? =V andthe density is Where ra the rmass fone ato, we get m=2ex10™ # 7) 110° kx) Sx Dg] ) (28 moe argpr than 28) “The wavefunctions end probably dere aro the same-s thos shown in thetwa loner curvesin Figure 616 ofthe text CHAPTERS QUANTUM MECHANICS ONE DIMENSION Inte stoves se fot ds? ss, Theo, node’ {as-Sunf225]-15+2 un S02 woes) eGo Sf sal [secant anno) -fm-annaan Serosrs)=2 we (8) Using = 2 we ind £,=0277 6 and Fy =1516V. « ng Eris 10? kg, = 10 m andsobang form ges {500° v0 my a0> Hf 4 ° 653«10 Jos ee The aon egy A=, fy 86 (22) 26 oenos 210 9) 0 and'z<0 encleey, leaving) =D. For the eaesaton of), however te nepondisoyametic and the bal ax conte equal fo the val the integral sing ‘To ination by pars show the value of the nepal oe 24) Upon stating for (ase) xb are aca) (a tn cakeaing the pokbityfor tater s+ we ppl os onc pin te we get Pe Tree 2c fetrnace 203(20 eel are corsboat 757% independant of x, 633 G@) Since hereis no preference for motion in the ftvard senve vs therghbrard sense, parce would spend equal me moving letes moving ight suggesting (p.)~ 0 )Tofnd(p) we expres the ovengs energy athe am iene ad poet cvereycnutons (= (2) -u)~2.neenrrinsae inte miter od otha FZ) =e Peso seo forthe quanto naan wing) 635 © padasiosy-Acoctene(*)pAcnn aan (© tpaKAcontsys casino =(2)(-Asinds)+iAcostn) © lem} ( eee) Incase (Qtherestisarmliple ofthe nga factor ce Anna) ibcat Aco idan ‘rentes(2)oneu nts hepa oi or heen me Geog icntthmdghr Tm ane eee cfgervale Mt, wheres (a) an () ae not eigenfunctions ofthe operate, 48 CHAPTERS QUANTUM. MECHANICS NV ONEDINENSION or Norwalizaton requires 1 Jonas c* Flv vil wake Cf dat fal xs | wave ef wiv} ‘Ma et co intagrals onthe right ae nity wlle the st vo aren fact the sane Integral snee and y ae both real. Using the waveforms forthe nite square nF oof i ‘wherein wit the last in, we have used the rgenometric exponential identities ofsine ad cosine Both ofthe integrals remain are reodly evaluated, andere zero, ‘Thus, 1=C41+0+0+0}=26,er =p, Since yy ate aonay sae they evelop in ime acronding to thee eepetive enor £, a8 6°" Then Ye t)=Cfrre 2y,o%") “Ue sa snore on itis negation the een opemtor (B= pi 0 Be tav= clo Beem sal =) since Ey th pets] does etm a mae of he wave ad 0 is nota lationary sate Nonetheless, we may calle the average energy fo thisstateas coe ncteyie nse =| erearactfivie® vie Heme” oEarse Me =CHE yids EafivsP es] 7 Tunneling Phenomena a 7 (9) The refcetion cosicntis the rata of the fled intent tote indent wave platted wana Ro fDi sn iscise, ©) Tete thesepe pie ne Te ashen etn = vahmorunteri- (232) Tobesghtftesey 1) -Udtbe (© For10Me¥ protons, E=10 eV and = 27a MeV nl tei mw tn 1973 MeV te ae fap weeao ay aan With £525 MeV and U=20 MeV, the ratio wavenumber is & HCE)? a gB) a eezam: tenon atl 72R= en oateand T=1-R= 0864, Thus, 1465 ofthe incoming pares would be lcd and 85.4% would ‘be tranamted, Fr clectrn wi the sme energy the transparency and reflectivity ofthe sSepate unchangee. (0) Thetransmision probabity according to Equation 7.915 Bor Bec, wend (er) MAUL 1 by nypothesi Th, we may writ sinhel Le, Aso pate ing cis to( Jar (Pet anda potty for tasmison peni-(it) = CcuAPTER?—TUNNTLING PHEWOMENA Numeric tinstes (n= 108810 J) 1) Form=9iixt0™ kg, U=B=1d0x10 J, La10% ay ce=LBMDIP asrnes wt and 90 2) Roemas thi kg, U=B=L0 x10 J, Las om 812410" mit and Ht 026 3) Form 267x107 kg, U-E= 14010 J,L=10° my r= 0 mt and #2041 4 J 12002 my @=38%10% mand ‘The continuity quirements fron Equation 78 re asteced [oma ato} ‘s tattoo [emtnanyer ates ett De =F [continuity of ¥ atx=L] coven cette [ominiyet aet] ote he wana mpd omit ei em eerste ‘unwanted coefcenis B,C and D, Dividing the seco line by and adang to he fis “iminates avg in ern of Cana D in the sae way, diving the fort me by Sa ttn esl het lie givesD Gn terme of Fw bracing theresa ‘fom the third ne gives teams of. Combining these rns finally yee A Antec ffa-(+ Bears (2+(3-3)} | the transmission probably i rf Mating ae ofthe denies e**F =cosha sinha. and cosh aL = {+n a, we obtain deff mt sinner} coed at o3(F- ¢ 2} cova, tcasnat~ (5 ea sahintan-198[ oY ant aerate aed ante (0) Treriter wave ested rm the ing ode ofthe wel 1) mus rave the ‘reste 2 bore combing ith he were reflec rom the nding edge (G50) For a, = 2 tose wo aeaes etre save since fhe tor urs a phase shi of 80 pon selleston ap iscused in Example 3. ®) —Thewaveuetinsinall thre epions ane fre partie plane waves In egos and Swhere UCe}=U wehave nfs, Deaton andere — eee ae = FEO ace — re MODERN PHYSICS st On pice G0 set pres dest om tee In regon2 where Li(e)=0 wehave weit ve mcr ape ocxch 2nB 20 uci The ion diese ace comtnsons everyrhere andin particular atthe well edges 0 and x= Thus, ‘AsBeCeD {eenaiaty of ox] eer [ina] [onsmnyt want] For =, ot =-1 and thehet to requirements en be combine to gre AD “KCC KD. Subatatngthisino the second rairmentimgli ‘A~B=C+ D, whichis content wi he fast eguzerent only B= 0, Le, no feflected wave in egion 1 7-18 ein Problem 7.12, wavelorm contivaty and theslopecondtion at thesite cf the deta wel ins demand A= Fan eA = ising the second of these equations eae arte ss ree) Ths tentimcotenanan re aol enh ‘T(©) from Problem 7:12, TE) Hey’ ‘re find RE). sre-(1-2 [6] and eubrctng fom heist gues 284 725 Divide the barer region into Nsubinteralf length A=, For the briein the ssbintol denote by A and the incident ond traromited wave amptdesseapockvely. Seemann 1o-| fow consider the prod WE BE) (at sevens rant oF] 8) Ce) -Asuingthe tarsi weve intent for an ar bsemes the nldent ware ntensty for the next, we have Fil? =[Ay?. IP =[Aal? ssesotae =f assume tha! Aris sffcieny small athe L1G s sent constan over each interval (39 thatthe quar banter es can bo ued fT), yet ge enough to approximate she fae! 7 AT Ty News veth Le energy itberaietaenbyanihe * biter 4 rar INC PHENOMENA Una otlt — | ad the rans cofiet (at gfe lh pf atest srt ecto er ef nf =D ag a recover Egon? 10 we apprenanate the aur inthe exponentalby an integra an note thatthe product in square rackets is aterm of ceder I: T(E) 00" =< FP tee MU =BP where now . ‘econ rues isthe epoca of the tant time fort alpha prt cosingthe uci: f= hte ped ote lh Nand rm the een Which, inside the mucets snot the toa energy Ebut the elifrence EU between the tal ‘Shorty and the povenal energy representing Ie bottom ofthe nudesr well.Atthemseae rade R=9 fr, the Coulomb energy is 122102) _ yf 2Y 40). nesyara ev 208104 B28 a Sig) -soner er SS laMev From this we coneluds that U=-196 Me to give a nucen barier of 30 MeV overall Thus alpha with E45 MoVbsskinete energy 405 +185= 591 MeV inside the nies Since thealphe pute has the tabi naa of? protons and neutron, or about 5588 MeV/c? thiskinetc energy mpresents speed 8 Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions 8 ‘ground sta - Eire ated ace vet ai st sapere oleae En6.9981414 Rend tide 83 oten (M2) ne | ant © Oo am 1 3. 1 Sahl degenerate 7 1 FI SA CHAPTERS QUANTUM MECHANICS IV THREE DIMENSIONS recalls) wea renal) aieana0%)* se 8, Tie (em) 24710? Jos MeV eats (&) States 201,121,r12havethesame energy end B= ate oe = 2 y= 308 MeV and states 21,322,212 have the eneray E~' By, AV, (0) Bothstate ae teofld degoerate 47 Thestatonary states oro parte ina cubicbocar, rom Equation 810 60.9.2, D=Aainlessiniasdsikehe™ OS, ys xsl O cewhere where Ee Since isnoncer only fo 0. ansocn the normalization condition reduces fo an integral over tne voter of ace wih ane ane te aig refesfafaarte 0? Aff settant soto} L 3 ont e1e28 gre fee spte=! lata) a =e 00 the le ‘Using 2sin? @=1- 26 give f (kx) = ae yh 90 the last tenon eights The ame re ined rhe erations ve yan Tin pertain ees =) er A=(2)” any testy ses lige saa oat a ean cy oe piel eb 2y2y2)\". ay, vale yt ihe etre Aa f( 222)" (2) tas natin a EIEIE) “[er) ‘alts nt ohne of bebox Ts Ls cnet eat he waves sortie wate he bs ett yay arom eo Leen) arisci0 Je tara) (erento fant (eax sp6xi0! 10-4141) et a1 #5 MODERN PHYSICS 55 (Leta ny a; sas" fenttses _(azon10" 5 (uesson0™ 1 teasta0® eu ~(assxs0®) i? Wa Lt gpatnd a E a2 forte o o © (© Feepestoia, Zt and j= a 2=(55392)=15126 mfr) (9) Foradstte,1=2 Le =yF(LOssx 10 j= zsH 10% je Foranfsate,1=3 a(t say*n=a2)(1.055 «10 J) =2650-™ Jo 89 es 825 (CHAPTERS QUANTUM MECHANICS IN THRHEDIMENSIONS anton number he felling value of are posible 120, 5,3, 0ys122, 4s Fora given value of ther are 21+1 poste values fm. The sium numberof secions tat canbe accommodate in he levels therelre (20) +1) (20) r1} +. HOH +. HEI) 4D: i Brahe ‘othe maximum number of electrons tobe secommadate it eM pag 0529210" m wend (ae Plea) @ i amy a-e?-ex0(L) Se Panwa aa 1 ©) alco? =(900x10" m)*=975x10" ar? (© Vilng tere t pt we et Fl) = bd <3 10" 1 de _ (eet psa we) Oa Tape Naticyieawe Gr ® © ® The moat probable dictance ie the value of Which masimizes the radi probability density PU)=hR I Since Po) islnget where Re) reaches temas, we ook for the moat prebabl dtance by sting SERA? eu to cer aig the functions Ro) fron Table 4 iia i ail becomessnpiy re Then forthe 2 fora taxiurnie state of hydrogen the cna oor )afa-a—Lar-rte 32 oat 04 -ér+1, Ther ae i slain which mays foun completing these g0cir= i) berrese Svan Ofte rao caaten gre be ryt aes! Foon esprit frne Poe ng ayes fart wit te cos ets veda (Fafa with ce inv Th het rb dita rth 2 leis =A in gremevithbe Spe Bon ee [aminim) and r= (a Tofind dr weft compute () wingthe hydrogen: yi) Syren ‘Then (7?) = FAR leddr= A Fete de, With 2: @-a(ayi 6) (2) aad and are)" ofted 5] 086 Sie A ean appreciable action ft average distance the whereabouts ofthe electron ae largely ‘onknewnin this. Th teal eng er ale) ft eta a te teres ede tore F= {eee Seeding enon ith alee pot gt eA DY h A) and Sehebdingn’s equations ye) From Euston 836 gt) =1R() stisties a one-dimensional = (osm ane uns 2 saapntontor gr) hat sete a tor 0) Rahernee {70)=0 ifn cocoa an ce the rte, while g0)= since HO mute Sine {tow hat enc 0) ard ae the mead te energern he prsent ewe hedge ie {2° 1) th emer A 9 Atomic Structure ot Ab= daly 2ea7 10 Yr}O357)=(653%10™ jf so f=879%10" He netieneltedsms0smest 920m = i ois i oe Foca 2wehave a 1 1 11a Yields aot Dnt = 22) = 8, Note thatthe mamber erie the narber of was ‘Aso tha fr euch there are 2+ my values. Fly ean take on values aging ‘nem to 1, the general expressions #= 52211). Tho soviet an anithneic progreion: 2461014. the sum of which Hleesin-] hereon, daa so Beesr-nigeae 20420) +245)=2 +6410 =18 21" = 26)? = 18 & 99 coarrers atomic smUCTURE LBL. =DO1 Since the fed adios is assumed unsorm, 50's Too ays bs “The ne of paeage toatl ‘efor and here the acceeration, Thus the deflections =i, or a= 28 forthe scorn. The require force then pad 2108 wfsna0 t/t") as wy “The magnetic moment the silver atom in due rule unpaired lection spi, so sekpolee paceman 2B, 5 399010" N ogy ayn, N07) ea $27.0 “The angular momentum Lof aepning baie elated tothe angular veloc af otation 0 as [L=lf the moment ofinet te given in ters of the maze mand radiss ofthe ball 1 Beat tre dentin 2rixi0! evle'Wox10* no «1590<10% eV an? LB (073 eV nme) rreweag t= Saint veka OOH Im sa jn quel epeed is 0° n(9285%107 oe =27ese witso2 teamed -06+11%4- [09 escoapnt pt jaca ipsa anata Noses, 1 t tonya ver Sinn th vey nage Sha ee! oF a Se mpm 8 8 USM Ap Ta as” Gr oxo: ‘or 9= 1408", 1050, 750, 282". The O° dos obey th Paul can Panel since the “pin of this ports is hal tegal wit for al Fersons os os MopErinsics = © weuent eS E2 here m, canbe =f, J o 3 ‘Thespin ofthe stom elesron has magnetic energy in the fli cf the orital moment given by Bquatione 96 end O12 witha fader of2, oF =, = 28 Toe magnet ed tonginates with the onirng electron. To estimate B, we adopt the equivalent ‘owpein' ofthe tos nies (proton) ling the elton, and borrow ares fom "Uae electromagnet for he fila 3 th conte fs ceca current Ip with radius = Bg. Hare hy tha magtcntant and isthe magnetron he lop suing isa arent. elma kent he it ra and she cure whe pron charge -e dvd byte rb ped T= 222, Then sn ta) vinr Lonnie rn rp ecteon I= and L=[t429/"7A-= Vy, on-( =m mabe © 1. Forrwe (aka typical ateric dimension say dny(=212%10" m) fora olctor, and ind 207 N/ASisaxc0™ yn} a Stet etme y (eisa0 my Shc map eee ten , soar x10 yr\02767)=1256x10 st ‘The up spin oientation +) bathe higher cnerg; the prediced eneraydllfrencebetweon the up 1) and dewn spin rations te his figue, or abou! 31810" eV ma renal which expats favorably wth the measured value, 5110 eV re @ — cuapms —_aToMiestaUCTURE 437 tamagaenasve (Eon) (ease) (eM 2 8) 0-8 Yad ei ee Te el sos toe 04 eVab ted at) (6) 2eectrons per state Thelowest sateshave (and (nevyit +1? +1") ev =2n2 ev. For(ot tnf-tni)= (1.1, 2)er, 21) oh 0, Eu Bas =F 64 f0 418422) as0 dev on =2n(E-t Fg HE Ey) = 2A SHSEAD SELEY (2) Alle partes gointo the (a+ +a) =(1,1,3) state 20 Bas Ey, “26 EV oar (3) tatayt ©) Ferthetwotselectons2=1, 160, mp=Com, 85, | Forthetwo2selectons,1=2,1=0,m)=0, 91, =25- Forthe our2p electrons, x=2,1=1,m)=1, 0, ~1,7, 923 Aepins ace priced for [Ks] and two ace unpaired fo [Ko] ss. Thus ets re trould favor theater but fo the fac tht eompltly Eile adbshell sr pedal sable ‘Tras (Krad with ts completely led sbshll as the ever energy. The element paladin (a), 125 A typiealionzaion energy ie eY. For intemal energy to fnize most of he atoms wos 2rG(.60%107 _ sepeen 10K and 10K. ev TS Sirsa 0 \ 927 (@) The Ly photoncantbe thought oft arsing fom then =3 ton=2 transom nacre decron ara with an fictive nuclear charge, The Mlecton cng the tantion isshielded by the remaining sell electrons) and dhe innermost Khel electrons Giteevinganefecienudear dare o 2~7, That energy ofthe le Poen re o Waiting ani sPouldbe Mtl 7 SSP a yg EH anc seta ha 221360 tan abd bent Ting eae ono he reting qeton pe 7 =|) 2-7, MODERN Fisics ‘According 0 the plo Vf esis Zul haveintrapt=7 and slope E[BERV) [SSC — a ssaysot HY. Fromm Figure 9.18 we Bnd $e) omen ag me ‘data points on the Ly line fin the form (VJ, Z}] at (14,74) and (8, 4S), From this we tine dpe Hts? Hatha temp ie ing he te is V7 =021Z~1 where Fis the intercept. Using (14,74) for (7, 2) in this equation ‘gives the intercept (=7.3, but with (8,45) for (J, Z} we get 1=69. Alternatively, ‘Siggy nd drng edna i eid ae te ope ‘get 4-7-1 This at approech affords the best experimental value for bated on theavalable date and gives 1-9-3, “The average screned rear charge seen by the shell econ ost. Taf, inating that shokingby the nner shel electrons snot quite 38 lcctve spore erening arpamente would suggest 10 Statistical Physics 104 Using #-1gp,+mpp+— wecbta Aon ee eof 2) of 2 al Bhool te yelte teh) () wa Se S)-o( St) ol) e( ase) oes) 1190 180360 +904 120+ 60 ‘Ope can find (22) trough (62) ins fashion 103 Amulecule moving with pec stakes 4 seconds to isthe ides, where ds the qlinde eet. nhs tine the detector etas Grane were = ot = Tn ears the molecule strikes the curved las plte ata dbtence fom A of nn, =69400 and abo Ta ye LL afe3exio =) ¥ coef ery (625020) (010 my? wos Janz) wy 9-158 66 CHAPrERI9 STATISTICAL PHYSICS 105 “Pitacuve ArH koFigue 12 An ambious sition wold ke a eas squares fo determine A and B. The quick ft suggested below ureos match only at Oar 12. P{E)= Ae" hus P0)=A and P{E;]= Ae"™ From Figure 10.2ane Gnd P(0)=0.85, end thi gives 4-0385.To determine Bus the value PAB) 0256 Ae" ~0.86—"* thus € «0.668 snp HR as neysenyc 8) anit pba slave =, POE) 286, MA) 029, TE) 0:8, age), PE), MEE, AP oN, =O henalan MO=385, PRE) 286, MOE) O17, A, Far), AGE)7, Me, U2, DBD, AE ‘values are pleted below. One ses tat this apprximation is ood for low energy. Theres ‘ac agreement for (0) and PRE) and smal devstion for hemes ro vals with ereen! deviations forthe higher eneigy values. cal a of «a0 oa as aid Toba of finding price ‘ith elven energy oe 4, I: Tp =-p-e=-ecos]B0'= 490 0 AE=y-Ey=2pe (©) Letalape) be the mumbo of molecules in the ented ats, ni2pe)_ s(dpe)c?F8 apeur m0 gOAP © © Moommpinscs ‘St For p=10%10 Cm and e={t0xi0* Va), “ape _@fuonn0 Cnr Vim) oes Rr jaa RT 50 1902264 of 09 ape, or T=283K ‘WET. solving fr TI tncontod__{nepeytnkene) 2" pe) pchemOet 22 ot 40, E40 and as T-4e0, Fs PE ABE NaT-49, E10 ond Tam, Fave me 2008 gg NE Tar ig, h/2NQ06/b TI 2 a sane Dycxpandling et where x~ 777 oneean show that C00 for T+ a8 syrey xvii nena CEFR me coer 0 ea rte (ste so) # soimaninc-(*2}e se Xa0u( 2] 2)-o-mbieg Va lear e-«(Z) ecutive wo get 2A | (sajayrF [Lear ‘Seting he rt factor equal 10 yes the milo in Cat T= Dand =~, wile the ‘Sond factor ies mascnuon athe clan of the uanscerdental equation, rt tnceaegation nian a= 265, hh 2p ape 009 cevresponds to atemperstare of 2% «265 or ae Pn erate p= 2 OFT is es (00547 K. The cexpresion fr heat capacity canbe revritlen as C= 4 z where G neal My dee ane 58. and x= 225, Deki the dete of Ca afanction of 2, 14-3 and x= 22, Dk nth of Cn afncon of oat CCHAPTERIB—STATISNCAL Psics ‘The heatopasty i the change ofintemal energy with temperatare Forth large temperature (F—>=] alow temperature (> 0) tre internal energy is constant sd 10 the heatexpacty is er. At Tappocimatly equal 9 0(547K ther is rapid ‘change of energy With temperature othe hat capac bacomes ago and reaches ‘ismacimam value eat Fer using mote weight o S85 ron gos the mass of an to to: ssite 2 tg-thas p= [OA TRICO Fon ngs ION KE Thus = saeco hg) Since the speed ofthe emiting alors much es thane, Wewse the clase dapper shi, flee). Then 51x10" mys fief 4019 9 se cap hb hb 30010" mys cd ‘or part po 10 006 wy —- —--H 6562256322 mF = 7-36 5-36 3-= ta) (oo ho 30363 3 lel oe eet lee teehee rece eee eee Pies war ont Yo es ov ae mhinuesomcs eons ieee nt eee eee eee oo # © © 7 @ ® sbuaebaardaaeleardaaebaasbaetsaedeaeate “Tne a)o( nto 4} xa)a(> vt) Ga 3 178 1), 185 iba} G-Ge) ) «(xt -(bui)o(Dea) (2a) m7 (2a) (3) 00 ul 3 41 oh oy 4 )e0am vt)-catt Minimas energy cas for aillevels filed up o 90, comeaponding oa total energy of 0. So Ee(0 K)=9E, Using Bauntion 102 the following plots cbtlned ‘Sates wx @ coan{ 22] For T=Ty faTa= 80,40 br) (em count (aa canx09207)= 2768. Using R=1986 caV el K 9 C= 5.8 camo, (From Figure 109, Ff = 10K, Ty aluminum = 300K, Ty sicon = 300 K I re GArTER:9 stansrcaL Piss yt eur * (9) Vaingc-cx( “ey. Fl best copa for Or lead aluminum andslcon were obtained These ett canbe muna’ in the flodngate. ae 7) Cleakmay 70 San) 0 43a x0 502 300 ee 300 501 150 an 30 596 20 583 0 609 sss ‘Avena = 7) Cleaienol TRY Cealfwaly % sas x0 330 300 x Sain 1 380 ban 20 _ ‘00 Et ‘Sin TK) Cleaner) TORY ero) 0 oar « a4 X00 im «© Sat ey as m0 an 0 ae ey a7 = ra « on 2 i i bat = 50 $00 54 0 535 3 535 0 sal F000 533 Py 550 1150 535 = S39 1100 535 “Thee vale ae ne plated on Figure 19 shown, 7 q g g LA 3 & oe 0a ~T0 Absolute temperature K 1048 war os9 oat MODERNFHYSICS 71 Ab 116360 ee os patel cfenrcto™ wean er(840"" He] gue dare? 3 (e520 ))" ity (27 glam’ 6<10® atome/noe) w A gjmob 12x10 sernsfom =602x10™ atoms{* Vatence 2 = 8210 ox sin poston once (ELZEP secre somes sissy amet 2) sete proc anc it A642 LAI igs Hea and i ent eat a? <4x10 a? ks 3x10"? J=334MeY (6sar0 pt oon)" Tne? Ig (Gases By w 3Ep MeV “Those enogies ae ofthe comet onder of magnitude former partis. etn AT, 8, <705 00; yP a(LBHA™ fk) KD=A14x10* fro AC =099Fp, fr =[eO0IMT aa] probabil. 0585, hus 93.8% (p=0971 gle? W1=280 gfmete (sek) Nae. Mae (om10” eectons/mele)0871 g/em®)\230 glace) 254x10* elecrons/a® =254x10 elceons/om?* ° pone tecsore/nt ee) i Be =B04x10-" J=a15

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