NAME:__________________________________________

8
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________

MATHEMATICS
Quarter IV – Week 2
Application of Triangle Inequality
Theorems

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Mathematics – Grade 8
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV – Week 2: Application of Triangle Inequality Theorems
First Edition, 2020

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Telephone No.: (048) 434 9438
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 Lesson 1

Application of Triangle Inequality Theorems

MELC: The learner applies theorems on triangle inequalities. (M8GE-IVb-1)

Objectives: 1. Recall theorems on triangle inequalities.
2. Determine the possible measures for the angles and sides of triangles.
3. Apply theorems on triangle inequalities in problem solving.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

B. Triangle Inequality Theorem
C. Vertical Angles Theorem
D. Hinge Theorem

_____2. What theorem describes, “The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater
than the measure of either of its two remote interior angles"?

A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

B. Triangle Inequality Theorem
C. Vertical Angles Theorem
D. Hinge Theorem

_____3. What is the other term for SAS Inequality Theorem?

A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

B. Triangle Inequality Theorem
C. Vertical Angles Theorem
D. Hinge Theorem

_____4. Why do you think an A-frame house is practical in countries with four seasons?

A. The design is customary.

B. The artful house is a status symbol.
C. The cost of building is reasonably low.
D. The snow glides easily on steep roofs.
_____5. Which of the following CANNOT be the measures of the sides of a triangle?

A. 7, 5, 4 C. 8,2,8
B. 3, 6, 2 D. 3,10,8

1
_____6. Two sides of a triangle measure 9cm and 5cm. What is the possible range of the
measure of the third side of a triangle?

A. 5 < 𝑥 < 15 C. 3 < 𝑥 < 13

B. 6 < 𝑥 < 16 D. 4 < 𝑥 < 14

_____7. Will you be able to conclude that ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅

AE ≅AE AF ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
AM , m ∠MAE > m ∠FAE?

A. Yes, I will.
B. No, I won’t.
C. It is impossible to decide.
D. It depends on which statement is left out.

_____8. Hikers Oliver and Ruel who have uniform hiking speed walk in opposite directions-
Oliver, eastward whereas Ruel, westward. After walking three kilometres each, both
of them take left turns at different angles. Oliver at an angle of 30⁰ and Ruel at 40⁰.
Both continue hiking and cover another four kilometres each before taking a rest.
Who among the hikers is farther from their point of origin?

A. Ruel
B. Oliver
C. It cannot be determined.
D. Ruel is as far as Oliver from the rendezvous.

_____9. Which of the following is the accurate illustration of the problem in item 8?

A. C.

B. D.

_____10. In the given illustration below, what are the possible values of x in
∆ASE and ∆AFE?
A. x < 11
B. x > 11
C. x ≤ 11
D. x ≥ 11

(Source: Emmanuel P. Abuzo et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 8,

Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS, 2013, 390-408.)

2
 Let’s Explore and Discover
Mr. Singsong, a taxi driver, planned to go to the
Unlocking convenience store. Supposed he is at his house (represented by
of Difficulties point A) and wishes to go to the store (represented by point C).
There are two possible choices: traveling from the house taking
Properties of
Inequality the way to the waiting shed (represented by point B) or traveling
1. For real numbers directly to the store.
p and q where
p>0, q>0:
• If p>q, then
q<p.
• If p<q, then
q>p.
2. For all real
numbers p, q, r
and s, if p>q and
r ≥ s, then p + r >
q + s.
3. For all real
numbers p, q and
r, if p>q and r > 0,
then pr > qr.
4. For all real
numbers p, q and
r, if p>q and q > r,
then p > r. Traveling to convenience store through the waiting shed is a
5. For all real longer distance than using direct route. In symbols, we can
numbers p, q and express this as
r, if p = q + r, and
r > 0, then p > q. AB + BC > AC
In other words, this theorem specifies that the shortest
distance between two distinct points is always a straight line.

Have you wondered how artists utilize triangles in their artworks? Have you ever
asked yourself how contractors, architects, and engineers make use of triangular
features in their designs? Civil Engineers frequently use triangle inequality theorem
because the area that they work on deals with transportation, urban planning, and
surveying.

(Source: Emmanuel P. Abuzo et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 8,

Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS, 2013, 390-408.)

Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

In your previous module, you have learned the triangle inequality theorem applies
within a triangle and in two triangles. Thus, in this lesson you will learn how to use those
theorems in problem solving.

Let us recall those triangle inequalities presented in the table below.

3
 INEQUALITIES IN ONE TRIANGLE

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either of the
two remote interior angles. Remote interior angles are the interior angles of triangle that
are not adjacent to a given triangle.

The remote interior angles of ∠1 are ∠A and ∠B.

Therefore, m∠1 < m∠A and m∠1 < m∠B.

➢ Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss → Aa)

If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the first
side is larger than the angle opposite the second side.

∠𝑨 is the largest angle since the side

opposite to it is the longest side.
∠𝑩 is the larger angle since the side
opposite to it is the longer side.
∠𝑪 is the smallest angle since the
side opposite to it is the shortest
side.

➢ Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 ( Aa → Ss )

If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the
first angle is longer than the side opposite the second angle.
̅̅̅̅̅ is the longest side since the angle
BC
opposite to it is the largest angle.
̅̅̅̅ is the longer side since the angle
AC
opposite to it is the larger angle.
̅̅̅̅
BA is the shortest side since the
angle opposite to it is the smallest
angle.

➢ Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3)

The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of
the third side.

̅̅̅̅̅+ BC
AC ̅̅̅̅̅ > AB
̅̅̅̅

AB + ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ BC > ̅̅̅̅
AC
̅̅̅̅̅+ AB
AC ̅̅̅̅ > BC
̅̅̅̅

4
 INEQUALITIES IN TWO TRIANGLES

Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the included
angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then the third
side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second.

If m∠A > m∠Z then ̅̅̅̅̅

BC > ̅̅̅̅
YX.

Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third side
of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the included angle of
the first triangle is larger than the included angle of the second.

̅̅̅̅̅> YX
If BC ̅̅̅̅ then m∠A > m∠Z
.

Let us find out how we can apply the Triangle Inequalities Theorems in solving problems.
Study the examples below.

Example 1
Use Exterior Angle Inequality theorem to list all of the angles whose measures are
less than m∠6, m∠7, and m∠8.

The angles whose measures are less than the

measure of m∠6 are ∠2, ∠5, ∠4, ∠1 and ∠1 + ∠2.
The angles whose measures are less than the
measure of m∠7 are ∠1 and ∠4.
The angles whose measures are less than the
measure of m∠8 are ∠2 and ∠9.

5
Example 2 (Refer to the figure below)
Teacher Cherry gives performance task in MAPEH and instructs that they need to
choose a partner nearest to their houses. Ana (Point A) is trying to decide if she should go
to Ben (Point B) or Gilbert (Point G). Who should she choose in order to have the shorter
passing distance? Explain your answer.

G Using Triangle Inequality Theorem, the

84⁰ arrangement from longest side to
58⁰ AB, ̅̅̅̅̅
shortest side is ̅̅̅̅ AG , ̅̅̅̅̅̅
BG.
B From Ana (Point A), comparing
38⁰ ̅̅̅̅̅, the shorter distance would be
̅̅̅̅ to AG
A AB
̅̅̅̅̅
AG which is from her house to Gilbert’s
house.
Example 3

a. Which of the following sets of the lengths can be the measures of the sides of a
triangle? Write YES or NO, and state the reason.
Using the Triangle Inequality Theorem that the sum of the measure of any two sides
of a triangle is always greater than the third side, we can use the three inequalities
to test.

Sets of lengths Inequality Test Can be the sides of a triangle?

1) 4, 6, 9 4 + 6 > 9 TRUE YES, since all inequalities are

4 + 9 > 6 TRUE true.
6 + 9 > 4 TRUE
2) 3, 10, 6 3 + 10 > 6 TRUE NO, since the second inequality
3 + 6 > 10 FALSE is false.
10 + 6 > 3 TRUE
3) 6, 7, 9 6 + 7 > 9 TRUE YES, since all inequalities are
6 + 9 > 7 TRUE true.
7 + 9 > 6 TRUE

b. Given the measures of the two sides of a triangle, what is the possible range of the
measure of the third side of a triangle?
1. 4, 6
Since the third side is unknown, let’s represent its length with x.
Solution:
6-4>x>6+4
2 > x > 10
➢ The possible length for the third side is 2 < x < 10.
➢ The set of possible integer lengths for the third side of the triangle are described as
follows: {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} or {3, 4, 5 ,…, 9} . Hence, there are 9 – 2 = 7 possible
integer lengths for the third side.

2. 11,17
Let’s represent its length with x.
Solution:
17 - 11 > x > 17 + 11
6 > x > 28
➢ The possible length for the third side is 6 < x < 28.
➢ The set of possible integer lengths for the third side of the triangle are described as
follows: {7, 8, 9,…, 27}. Hence, there are 27 – 6 = 21 possible integer lengths for the
third side.

6
Example 4
A. Solve the value of x using Hinge Theorem and its converse.

1. Given: ∠B > ∠Z 2. Given: ̅̅̅̅̅

WT > ̅̅̅̅
UT

60⁰ 85⁰

Solution: Since ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑊𝑇 > ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑇 then,
∠ TVW > ∠TVU
45 > 6x - 3
Solution: Since ∠B > ∠Z then,
̅̅̅̅ 45 + 3 > 6x
𝐴𝐶 > ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑌
48 > 6x
2x – 1 > x + 4
6x < 48
2x – x > 4 + 1
6x 48
x>5 <
6 6
x<8
B. Consider the problem below.
Hikers Olive and Rhea who have uniform hiking speed walk in opposite directions.
Olive walks eastward while Rhea walks westward. After walking five kilometres each, both
of them take left turns at different angles, Olive at an angle of 40⁰ and Rhea at 50⁰. Both of
them continue hiking and cover another six kilometres each before taking a rest. Who
among the hikers is farther from their point of origin?

For Olive at an angle of 40⁰, since it

formed a linear pair, then 180⁰- 40⁰
= 140⁰.
140⁰
For Rhea at an angle of 50⁰, since it
formed a linear pair, then 180⁰- 50⁰
= 130⁰.
140⁰ is greater than 130⁰, therefore
130⁰
the side opposite to 140⁰ is longer
than the side opposite to 130⁰.
We can conclude that, from the point
of origin Olive is farther than Rhea.

How do you feel about solving problem involving triangle inequality theorems? What
theorems justify to answer the problems above? Would this problem be answered without
a detailed illustration of the problem?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

(Source: Emmanuel P. Abuzo et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 8,

Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS, 2013, 390-408.)

7
 Let’s Practice

Directions: Identify the theorems of triangle inequality applied in each of the

statements and illustrations below. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided before each number.

____1. The remote interior angles of ∠1 are ∠A and ∠B.

Therefore, m∠1 < m∠A and m∠1 < m∠B.
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem
B. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

____2. ∠C is the smallest angle since the side

opposite to it is the shortest side.
A. Triangle Inequality Theorem
B. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

̅̅̅̅̅ is the longest side since the angle

____3. BC
opposite to it is the largest angle.
A. Hinge Theorem
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem

____4. If m∠A > m∠Z, then ̅̅̅̅̅

BC > ̅̅̅̅
YX.
A. Converse of Hinge Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem

̅̅̅̅̅ > YX,

____5. If BC ̅̅̅̅̅ then m∠A > m∠Z.
A. Converse of Hinge Theorem
B. Hinge Theorem

8
Directions: Given the measures of the two sides of a triangle, determine if a number
can be a measure of the third side. In the box, put check ( ) if a length can be the
measure of the third side and cross (X) if it can’t.

1. 8, 5 2. 6, 11 3. 7, 10

a. 2 a. 15 a. 2

b. 5 b. 9 b. 3

c. 9 c. 4 c. 10

Let’s Do More

Directions: Solve the following problems.

A. From Ana’s position, the angular distance of Kian to Kristoff is at 80⁰. Kian sees the
angular distance of Ana to Kristoff at 53⁰, while Kristoff sees the angular distance of
Ana to Kian at 47⁰. Who among them has the shortest distance to each other?

Anna

80⁰ The shortest distance among

Kian 53⁰
the three is from ______ to
_______.
47⁰
Kristoff

B. Suppose you know the following information about the distances between Barangays
in Puerto Princesa. Sta. Monica to Tiniguiban is approximately ( ≈) 35 km and Sta.
Monica to San Jose is approximately ( ≈) 29 km. Considering the angle formed with Sta.
Monica as the vertex, describe the range of possible distances from Tiniguiban to San
Jose.
Let x be the distance from Tiniguiban to San Jose.

______ < x < _______

9
 C. The distance Bein walks from home is 120 meters and 80 meters when he goes to
church from home. Eya estimates that the distance Bein walks when he goes directly
to the church, coming from school is 180 meters. Rhea’s estimation is 210 meters.

1. What is the range of the possible

distance from school to church?
______< x < _______

2. Whose estimation is possible?

____________________________

How do you solve for the range of the distance of the third side of a triangle? What theorem
did you apply to answer the activity above?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Write an inequality symbol ( < or > ) in each box and then solve the
inequality to find the value of x.

A. B.

ACD ACB ̅̅̅̅

BC ̅̅̅̅
XZ

̅̅̅̅̅
AD ̅̅̅̅
AB BAC XYZ
Solve for x. Solve for x.

C. Based on the illustration below, which car is farther away from the mall?

______ is farther away from the

mall.

10
 Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with best and correct
phrase/s which you can choose from the box. Each option may be used repeatedly.

longer than larger than remote interior angles

Hinge Theorem greater than Converse of Hinge Theorem
Exterior Angle Inequality Triangle Inequality smaller than
Theorem Theorem

1. Exterior angle Inequality Theorem states that the measure of an exterior angle of a
triangle is greater than the measure of either of the two
__________________________________.

2. The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is

___________________________________ the length of the third side.

3. If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the first
side is __________________________________ the angle opposite the second side.

4. If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the first
angle is ___________________________________ the side opposite the second angle.

5. Hinge Theorem states that if two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of
another triangle, but the included angle of the first triangle is
____________________________________ the included angle of the second, then the third
side of the first triangle is ____________________________________ the third side of the
second.

6. The theorems in inequalities in one triangle are ____________________________________

and ______________________________________.

7. The theorems in inequalities in two triangles are _________________________________

and ______________________________________.

8. SSS Triangle inequality theorem is also known as _______________________________.

9. SAS Triangle inequality theorem is also known as _______________________________.

10. The interior angles of triangle that are not adjacent to a given triangle are called
________________________________________.

11
 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

B. Vertical Angles Theorem
C. Hinge Theorem
D. Triangle Inequality Theorem

_____2. What theorem describes, “If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then
the angle opposite the first side is larger than the angle opposite the second side"?

A. Triangle Inequality Theorem 1

B. Triangle Inequality Theorem 2
C. Triangle Inequality Theorem 3
D. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

_____3. What is the other term for SSS Inequality Theorem?

A. Triangle Inequality Theorem

B. Hinge Theorem
C. Converse of Hinge Theorem
D. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

_____4. Why do you think an A-frame house is practical in countries with four seasons?

A. The design is customary.

B. The artful house is a status symbol.
C. The cost of building is reasonably low.
D. The snow glides easily on steep roofs.
_____5. Which of the following CANNOT be the measures of the sides of a triangle?

A. 4,11,9 C. 8, 5, 8
B. 4, 7, 2 D. 9, 5, 10

_____6. Two sides of a triangle measures 8cm and 4cm. What is the possible range of the
measure of the third side of a triangle?

A. 7 < 𝑥 < 15 C. 5 < 𝑥 < 13

B. 6 < 𝑥 < 14 D. 4 < 𝑥 < 12

_____7. Given the figure, what is the relationship between m∠OQP and m∠OQR?

A. m∠OQP < m∠OQR

B. m∠OQP ≤ m∠OQR
C. m∠OQP > m∠OQR
D. m∠OQP ≥ m∠OQR

12
_____8. What is the reason for your answer in question in item 7?

A. Triangle Inequality Theorem

B. Hinge Theorem
C. Converse of Hinge Theorem
D. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

_____9. A balikbayan chose you to be one of the contractors to design two A-frame houses
maximizing the size of two square lots with dimensions 18 ft and 24 ft on each
side. Which of the following is affected by the dimensions of the lot if the owner
would like to spend the same amount of money on the roofs?

I. The width of the base of the house frames

II. Design of the windows
III. The height of the houses
IV. The roof angles

A. I and IV C. II, III and IV

B. III and IV D. I, II, III, and IV
_____10. If the owner would like the same height for both houses, which of the following
would be true?

I. Roof costs for the larger lot is higher than that of the smaller lot.
II. The roof of the smaller house is steeper than the larger house.

A. I only
B. II only
C. neither I nor II
D. I and II

(Source: Emmanuel P. Abuzo et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 8,

Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS, 2013, 390-408.)

13
 Answer Key
Let’s Try Let’s Practice Let’s Do More

1. C Activity Activity Activity 1 Activity 2

2. A 1 2
A. Anna to Kian A. B.
1. B 1. a. X
3. D or Kian to ∠ACD > ∠ACB ̅̅̅̅̅ > XZ
BC ̅̅̅̅
2. A b. ̅̅̅̅̅ > ̅̅̅̅
4. A Anna AD AB ∠BAC > ∠XYZ
3. B
5. B c. B. 6 < x < 64 3x – 4 > 11 60 > 2x + 10
4. B
6. D 2. a. C. 3x > 11 + 4 60-10 > 2x
5. A
b. 1. 40 < x < 200 3x 15 50 2x
7. A > >
c. X 2. Eya 3 3 2 2
8. B x>5 25 > x
3. a. X
9. B or x < 25
b. X
10. A C. Car B
c.

Let’s Sum It Up! Let’s Assess!

1. remote interior angles 7. Hinge Theorem, 1. B 6. D
2. greater than Converse of Hinge Theorem 2. A 7. A
3. larger than 8. Converse of Hinge Theorem 3. C 8. C
4. longer than 9. Hinge Theorem 4. A 9. B
5. greater than, longer than 10. remote interior angles 5. B 10. D
6. Exterior angle Inequality theorem,
Triangle Inequality Theorem

References

Module

Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Merden L. Bryant, Jem Boy B. Cabrella, Belen P. Caldez, Melvin
M.Callanta, Anastacia Proserfina I. Castro, Alicia R. Halabaso, Sonia P. Javier,
Roger T. Nocom, and Concepcion S. Ternida. Mathematics Learners Module 8, Pasig
City Department of Education, 2013.

14
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