Transfer of Heat in Solids

Learning Intentions
Today we are going to learn about how
heat is transferred in solids.
Success Criteria
1. State the name given for the process by
which heat energy is transferred in solids.
2. Explain this process in terms of particles in
the solid.
 Experiment ‘Travelling Heat’
Aim: To investigate how heat travels
through a solid copper rod.
Method: (watch the clip below and take
notes)
 Conclusion
1. In what order did the nails fall off?
The clips fell off in the order from
nearest to the candle to furthest away.
2. Why do you think this happened?
The heat travelled along the rod so
reached nail nearest candle first.
 Conduction
Conduction is the process where heat is
transferred through a solid.
The video below will help you understand the
diagrams you have just looked at..
 Task
1. Write a few sentences to describe the
process of conduction.
Try and use the words: heat, spread, vibrate,
solid and particles in your answer.
 Conductors
!! COPY OUT INFORMATION ON
NEXT 3 SLIDES AND BELOW!!

A material can be described as a good

conductor of heat if it allows heat
energy to pass through it easily.
 Conduction (only occurs in solids)
• Hot particles vibrate a lot

• Cool particles vibrate a little

 Conduction
• Fast-moving particle (lots of energy)
collide with neighbouring particles.
• This gives them more energy, making
them vibrate faster.
 Conduction
• This continues along the length of the
solid until all the particles are vibrating
with lots of energy.
Experiment-Which one is the
best conductor?
Watch the video below and take notes on the experiment. What material
was the best at conducting heat and how did you know?
 Uses of Conductors
Brainstorm where you • Look around your
think metals are home to find more
useful as good examples!
conductors.
• Metal cooking/frying
pans.
• Toaster/grill.
• Radiators.
• Car engines.
What do you think?
 Insulators
Learning Intentions
Today we are going to learn what is meant
by the term insulator.
Success Criteria
1. State what is meant by the term
‘insulator’
2. State the names of some materials
that are good insulators.
3. Design an experiment into the
effectiveness of different materials
as insulators
 Insulators
Insulators are materials which do not
allow heat energy to travel through
them easily.
They are the opposite to a conductor.

!! Copy into your jotter!!

 Conductors Vs. Insulators
Watch the video below and take notes. Which material made the best coaster
and why?
 Experimental design!
• On the next slide is an experiment
you can try at home if you have some
basic materials around and access to
a thermometer! Be careful if using hot
water!!
 Comparing Insulators
Designing your own experiment!
Task: To design an experiment where you can test the
effectiveness of different insulators, including
(bubble wrap, paper towels, cotton wool and aluminium
foil).
You must:
• Work in a group of no more than 4.
• Include an aim, hypothesis, method (including a
labelled diagram), results, conclusion and an evaluation
of your experiment.
• Get rough ideas down in your jotter.
• Present your report neatly on card so it can be
displayed.
• Use the equipment available to you.
• You have 3 periods to complete experiment and
poster write up.
Aim: To test the effectiveness of different insulators,
including: bubble wrap, paper towels, cotton wool and
aluminium foil.

Method
1.What are you going to change in your experiment?
(The independent variable).
2.What are you going to measure during your
experiment? (The dependant variable).
3.What variables are you going to have to keep
constant?
4.What equipment are you going to need?
5.How will you set-up your equipment? Include a labelled
diagram.
6.Write a step-by-step guide on how you will carry out
your investigation.
 Hints!
Watch the video below for some ideas! If you do not have equipment to do your own,
make a short summary of this one instead.
 Write Up
1. Aim: What are you wanting to find out?
2. Hypothesis: What did you think was going to
happen?
3. Method: How will you go about it? Diagram
and step by step instructions.
(avoid using the words ‘amount’, ‘I did’ or ‘we
did’.)
4. Results: A table of results.
5. Conclusion: What have you found out?
6. Evaluation: how could you improve your
experiment next time?
 Convection Currents
Learning Intention
Today you are going to learn about how heat is
transferred in liquids and gases.

Success Criteria
1. State the name for the process by which
heat is transferred through liquids and
gases.
2. Draw a diagram to represent such a process
in a beaker of liquid.
 Convection Currents
Aim: To find out how heat travels through
a beaker of water.
beaker. !!Watch and take notes!!
 Results
• What did you notice?
• Why do you think this happened?

• Copy information and diagram into your

jotter on next slide….
 1. The hot
water rises
to the top
because it is
less dense.
2. When the
1. particles
2. cool they
become
more dense
and so sink
back to the
bottom
creating a
convection
current.
 Task
• On the following slide are some video links
for you to watch.
• Take notes and try to come up with your
own definition of what convection is.
• Note down some everyday examples of
convection.
 Convection in Gases

hot air balloon video

glow clip on convection

bbc clip on convection and insulation

 Radiation
Learning Intentions
Today we are going to be learning about the 3rd
and final method of heat transfer called
RADIATION.

Success Criteria
1. Explain what is meant by radiation.
2. Explain what is meant by a vacuum.
3. Give some uses of infra-red radiation.
 Radiation
Watch the video below and take notes on the most important points which
include the following..
1. What is a vacuum?
2. How does radiation work?
3. What type of materials are best at radiating heat?
 Notes
• Copy the following slide into your jotter
and learn it…
 Radiation
Is the process by which heat energy can transfer
without the use of particles. A place in which there
are no particles is called a vacuum.
Radiation travels from
the source of heat in
straight lines and in all
directions.

Space is a vacuum. This

means there are no
particles in space.
Heat can still travel
through space though, by
the process of radiation.
 Uses of Infrared

Watch the video below and write some notes on how NASA use Infrared
Radiation to provide information about the Earth and space.
 Light
Reflection
Learning Intentions
Today we are going to learn about how light
travels and how it interacts with surfaces.
Success Criteria
1. State the way light travels.
2. Explain what is meant by reflection of light.
3. Identify and label the normal, angle of
reflection and angle of incidence.
4. Measure the angles of reflection and
incidence.
5. State the relationship between the angle of
incidence (i) and the angle of reflection (r).
 Shadow Shapes
• http://www

• .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/physical_
processes/light_shadows/play/
 Making Shadows
1. What happened to the size and position
of the shadow when you moved the
light
a. Closer to the object?
b. Further away from the object?
c. To the left?
d. To the right?
 How does Light travel?
• !!Copy the text below!!

• Light travels in STRAIGHT lines.

• Shadows are created because light cannot
bend around objects enough.
• How !! Watch video to see
how how Sundials work!!
Law of Reflection
 Task
• Watch the video clip on the prvious slide
and answer the questions below:
• 1. What did you notice about the angles of
light going in (incidence) and the angle of
reflection?
• 2.State the law of reflection?
• Copy out information on next slide using
words in word bank to help you.
 Reflection
Light travels in straight lines and can
not pass through all objects. A special
property of light is that it can be
reflected from some surfaces. The
angle of incidence always equals the
angle of reflection.

waves refraction reflection

reflected straight
angle
 Uses of Reflection
• Find out more about one of the following
optical devices and explain how it uses
reflection to help us see things clearer/in
more detail:
• Periscopes
• Cat’s eyes reflectors
• Telescopes
• Spectacles
 Refraction
Learning Intentions
Today we are going to learn what is meant
by refraction of light.
Success Criteria
1. State what is meant by refraction.
2. Label and measure the angle of
incidence and angle of refraction.
3. Explain what happens to white light
when you pass it through a prism.
 Refraction in action!

Watch the video below and list at least 3 examples of

refraction in everyday life.
 Refraction experiment

Watch the video and take notes and how to measure refraction. You should
include a diagram in your notes.
 Copy and complete…
The light waves travel faster
through air than glass. As the
light waves are slowed down they
change direction, causing the
beam to bend. This is called
refraction.
• faster
• slower
• refraction
• reflection
• direction
• glass
Everyday examples of Refraction

How are rainbows formed?

 Prism experiment

Watch the video and take notes. Draw a diagram of the experiment and use
coloured pencils to colour in the rainbow if you have them..
!! Copy!!
White light is made up of a whole range of
different colours. This range of colours is
called the visible spectrum.

ROY G BIV
 Transparency
Learning Intentions
Today you are going to investigate how
different material interact with light
and categorise them.
Success Criteria
1. State what is meant by a :transparent,
translucent and opaque material.
 Think, Pair, Share
What do you think is meant by the
following words:
• Transparent
• Translucent
• Opaque
 !!Copy!!Transparent
Can see through it clearly and all light
can pass easily through it.
 !! Copy!! Opaque
Can not see through it. No light can
travel through an opaque object.
 !! Copy!! Translucent
Lets light pass through slightly but
difficult to see through.
 Task
• Look and gather some different materials
from around your home. See table on
next slide for ideas.
• Copy the table on next slide and complete
it.
• Feel free to expand it for more examples.
 Can you see through it?
Material Transparent Opaque Transulcent
Bubble wrap

White card
Pink foam

Black Plastic
White
plastic
Greaseproof
paper
 Revision!
Now select one or more of the following and
revise your knowledge of this topic!

• Mind Map ( see homework diary for example of

how to do one)
• Create flashcards to write all of your facts down.
• Make a boardgame.
• Design a poster
• Make a quiz