Solution

GRAVITY

Class 12 - Mathematics

1.

(c)
y
x
⋅
( xlog y − y
ylog x − x )
Explanation: xy = yx ⇒ y log x = x log y
y dy x dy
x
+ log x dx
= y dx
+ log y

⇒
( logx −
x
y ) (dy
dx
= logy −
y
x ) =
xlog y − y
x
dy xlog y − y y y xlog y − y
⇒
dx
= ylog x − x
× x
= x
× ylog x − x
cos 2 ( a + y )
2. (a) cos a
sin y
Explanation: sin y = x cos(a + y) ⇒ x=
cos ( a + y )
Differentiating with respect to x,
dy dy
cosy = − xsin(a + y) + cos(a + y)
dx dx
dy dy
cosy dx + xsin(a + y) dx = cos(a + y)
dy
[cosy + xsin(a + y)] dx = cos(a + y)

[ cosy + cos
sin y
(a+y)
sin(a + y) ] dy
dx
= cos(a + y)

[ cos ( a + y ) cos y + sin ysin ( a + y )

cos ( a + y ) ] dy
dx
= cos(a + y)

cos a dy
= cos(a + y)
cos ( a + y ) dx
dy cos 2 ( a + y )
dx
= cos a

3.
(b) None of these
Explanation: Let us see that graph of the floor function, we get

We can see that f(x) = [x] is neither continuous and non differentiable at x = 2.
4.
y
(d) x

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 Explanation: Given, xp yq = (x +y)p+q
p q dy
Taking log on both sides we get: plogx + q logy = (p + q)log(x + y). Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get , +
x y dx

= (p + q) ( )( ) (
x+y
1
1+
dy
dx
⇒
dy
dx
q
y
−
p+q
x+y ) =
p+q
x+y
−
p
x

⇒
dy
dx
=
[ ][x(p+q) −p(x+y)
x(x+y)
y(x+y)
q(x+y) −y(p+q) ]
dy y
⇒ =
dx x

5.
2x
(c)
(1+x ) 4

Explanation: Given that y = tan − 1

( ) 1 + x2
1 − x2

Let x2 = tan θ
⇒ θ = tan
− 1x 2

Hence, y = tan − 1 ( ) 1 + tan θ

1 − tan θ

Using tan
( ) π
4
+x =
1 + tan x
1 − tan x
, we obtain

y = tan − 1tan
( ) π
4
+θ =
π
4
+θ=
π
4
+ tan − 1 x 2 ( )
Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain
dy 1 2x
= × 2x =
dx 1 + x4 1 + x4

6. We have, y = sec − 1 ( ) ( ) x+1

x−1
+ sin − 1
x−1
x+1

⇒ y = cos − 1
( ) ( )[ x−1
x+1
+ sin − 1
x−1
x+1
∵ sec − 1x = cos − 1
( )]
1
x

⇒ y=
π
2 [ ∵
] sin − 1x + cos − 1x =
π
2

dy d
⇒
dx
= 0 [ dx (constant)=0]
7. The function f(x) will be continuous at x = 0, if
lim f(x) = f(0)
x→0
sin 2 ax
⇒ lim = 1 ...[ ∵ f(0) = 1]
x→0 x2

⇒ a 2 lim
x→0
( ) sin ax 2
ax
=1

⇒ a2 (1)2 = 1
⇒ a = ±1

Thus, f(x) will be continuous at x = 0, if a = ± 1

8. Given:
y = t3 , x = t2
dy dx
dt
= 3t 2; dt
= 2t

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 dy
dy dt 3t
dx
= dx = 2
dt

d
dt () dy
dx
=
1
2

d 2y
d
dt ( ) dy
dx
3
2
2 = dx = 2t
dx
dt
3
= 4t

{
( x + 3 ) 2 − 36
x−3
, x≠3
9. Given, f(x) =
k, x=3

We shall use the definition of continuity to find the value of k.

If f(x) is continuous at x = 3,
Then, we have lim f(x) = f(3)
x→3
( x + 3 ) 2 − 36
⇒ lim =k
x−3
x→3
( x + 3 )2 − 62
⇒ lim x−3
=k
x→3
(x+3−6) (x+3+6)
⇒ lim x−3
= k[ ∵ a2 - b2 = (a - b)(a + b)]
x→3
(x−3) (x+9)
⇒ lim =k
(x−3)
x→3
⇒ lim (x + 9) = k
x→3
⇒ 3+9=k ⇒ k = 12
10. Let u = log sin x and v = √cosx. Then differentiating both u and v with respect x, we get,
du dv sin x
dx
= cotx and dx
= −
2√cos x
du du / dx cot x
∴
dv
= dv / dx
= − sin x = − 2√cosxcotxcscx
2√cos x

{
sin 5x
3x
, if x ≠ 0
11. Given function is, f(x) =
k , if x = 0

If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, then

lim f(x) = f(0)
x→0
sin 5x
lim 3x
=k
x→0
5sin 5x
lim 3 × 5x
=k
x→0
5 sin 5x
3
lim 5x
=k
x→0
5
×1=k
3
5
k= 3

12. Let y = tan − 1

( ) √1 + x 2 + 1
x
.

Putting x = tan θ, we get

3 / 26
 y = tan − 1 ( sec θ + 1
tan θ ) = tan − 1 ( 1 + cos θ
sin θ )

( )
θ
2cos 2 2
= tan − 1 θ θ
2sin 2 cos 2

π
y = tan − 1 cot 2
1 π
( ) 1
θ
= tan − 1 tan
{ ( )} π
2
−
θ
2

= 2
− 2θ = 2
− 2 tan − 1x
dy 1 1 1
∴ =0− × = − [differentiating both sides with respect x]
dx 2 1 + x2
(
2 1 + x2 )
13. We have,
xm × yn = (x + y)m+n

∴ (
log x m × y n = log (x + y) m + n ) [ ]
⇒ m logx + n log y = (m + n)log (x + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,
1
mx + ny
1
⋅
dy
dx
= (m + n) x + y 1 +
1
( ) dy
dx

⇒
m
x
−
m+n
x+y
= ( m+n
x+y
−
n
y) dy
dx

⇒
my − nx
x(x+y)
=
( my − nx
y(x+y) ) dy
dx
dy y
⇒
dx
= x
Differentiating above w.r.t. x, we get
dy
d 2y x dx − y ⋅ 1
=
dx 2 x2
y
x⋅ x −y
= =0
x2

14. we have, x = a cos3t and y = a sin3t [differentiating both x and y with respect t]
dx d
∴
dt
= 3acos 2t dt cos(t) = -3a cos2t sin t
dy d
and, dt
= 3asin 2t dt (sint) = 3a sin2t cos t
dy dy / dt 3asin 2 tcos t
∴ = = = − tant
dx dx / dt − 3acos 2 tsin t

{
x 2 − 16
, if x ≠ 4
15. Given function is: f(x) = x−4
k, if x = 4

If f(x) is continuous at x = 4, then

lim f(x) = f(4)
x→4

⇒
x→4
lim
( ) x 2 − 16
x−4

(x+4) (x−4)
=k

⇒ lim (x−4)
=k
x→4

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 ⇒ lim (x + 4) = k
x→4
⇒ k=8

16. Let f(x) = sin–1

( ) 2x + 1
1 + 4x
. To find the domain of this function we need to find all x such that − 1 ≤
2x + 1
1 + 4x
≤ 1. Since the quantity in

the middle is always positive,

2x + 1 1
We need to find all x such that ≤ 1, i.e., all x such that 2x + 1 ≤ 1 + 4x . We may rewrite this as 2 ≤ + 2 x which is true
1 + 4x 2x
for all x. Hence the function is defined at every real number. By putting 2x = tan θ, this function may be rewritten as

f(x) = sin − 1
[ ] 2x + 1
1 + 4x

= sin − 1
[ ] 2x ⋅ 2

( )
1 + 2x
2

= sin − 1
[ ] 2tan θ
1 + tan 2 θ

= sin–1 [sin 2θ]

= 2θ = 2 tan–1 (2x)

(2 )
1 d
Thus f ′(x) = 2 ⋅ ⋅
dx
x
1+ ( )
2x
2

(2 )log2
2
= ⋅
x
1 + 4x
2 x + 1log 2
=
1 + 4x

{
5x − 4 , 0<x<1
17. Here, f(x) = 4x 2 − 3x , 1<x<2
3x + 4 , x≥2

Now, f(1) = 5(1) - 4 = 1

lim f(x) = lim 5x − 4 = 5(1)-4=1
x→1− x→1−
lim f(x) = lim 4x 2 − 3x =4(1) -3(1)=1
x→1+ x→1+
∴ f is continuous at x = 1
Next, we check its continuity at x = 2
We have, f(2) = 3 × 2 + 4 = 10
lim 4x 2 − 3x = 16 - 6 = 10
x→2−
lim 3x + 4 = 6 = 4 = 10
x→2=
∴ f is continuous at x = 2
Differentiating at x = 2
f(x) −f(2) 4x 2 − 3x − 10
L.H.D = lim x → 2 − x−2
= lim x → 2 x−2
( 4x + 5 ) ( x − 2 )
= lim (x−2)
= 13
x→2
f(x) −f(2) 3x + 4 − 10
R.H.D = lim x−2
= lim x−2
x→2+ x→2
3x − 6 3(x−2)
= lim x−2
= lim (x−2)
=3
x→2 x→2

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 Therefore, f is not differentiable at x = 2
As L.H.D. ≠ R.H.D
18. Given that, y = ex sin3 x cos4 x.
Here, we need to take log both the sides to get that differentiation simple.
log y = x + 3 log sin x + 4 log cos x
m
{log mn = log n + log m} {log n
= log m - log n} {log e = 1}
Now differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
1
y
×
dy
dx
=
( 3 . cos x
sin x
−
4sin x
cos x
+1
)
dy
dx
=
( 3 . cos x
sin x
−
4sin x
cos x
+1 ×y
)
dy
dx
=
( 3 . cos x
sin x
−
4sin x
cos x
+1
) × ex sin3 x cos4 x

19. The given function is a constant function for all x < 3 as well as for all x > 5.
So, it is continuous for all x < 3 as well as for all x > 5.
We know that a polynomial function is continuous.
So, the given function is continuous for all x ∈ (3,5).
Thus, f(x) is continuous at each x ∈ R except possibly at x = 3 and x = 5.
At x = 3, we have
lim f(x) = lim 1 = 1,
x→3− x→3
lim f(x) = lim ax + b = 3a + b and, f(3) = 1
x→3+ x→3
For f(x) be continuous at x = 3, we must have
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(3)
x→3− x→3+
⇒ 1 = 3a + b ...(i)

At x = 5, we have
lim f(x) = lim ax + b = 5a + b
x→5− x→5
lim f(x) = lim 7 = 7 and f(5) = 7
x→5+ x→5
For f(x) to be continuous at x = 5, we must have
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(5)
x→5− x→5+
⇒ 5a + b = 7 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get:
a = 3, b = -8
20. Let y = (sin x)x .....(i)
Taking logarithm on both sides of (i), we get
log y = x log (sin x) .....(ii)
On differentiating both sides of (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy d d
y
⋅
dx
=x⋅ dx
{log(sinx)} + log (sin x) ⋅
dx
(x)
1
=x⋅ sin x
⋅ cosx + log (sin x) ⋅ 1
= x cot x + log (sin x)
dy
⇒
dx
=y ⋅ [x cot x + log (sin x)]
dy
⇒
dx
= (sin x)x [x cot x + log (sin x)] ......[FORM EQUATION (i)]
21. When x < 0, we have
sin 2x
f(x) = x

6 / 26
 sin 2x
We know that sin 2x as well as the identity function x both are continuous everywhere. So, the quotient function x
= f(x) is
continuous at each x < 0
When, x > 0, we have
f(x) = x + 2, which being a polynomial function, is continuous at each x > 0.
Let us now consider the point x = 0.
sin 2x sin 2x
We have, lim f(x) = lim x
= 2 lim 2x
= 2(1) = 2,
x→0− x→0 x→0
lim f(x) = lim x + 2 = 2 and, f(0) = 0 + 2 = 2
x→0+ x→0
∴ lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0)
x→0− x→0+
So, f(x) is also continuous at x = 0.
Hence, f(x) is continuous everywhere.
1
22. Here, lim f(x) = lim x 2sin x = 0 x a finite quantity = 0
x→0 x→0

[ ∵
1
sin x lies between - 1 and 1 ]
Also f(0) = 0
Since, lim f(x) = f(0) therefore, the function f is continuous at x = 0.
x→0
Also,when x ≠ 0 ,then f(x) is the product of two continuous functions and hence Continuous.Hence,f(x) is continuous everywhere.
23. Given, y = cosec x + cot x ......(i)
Differentiating both sides of (i), w.r.t. x,
dy
dx
= -cosec x cot x - cosec2 x
dy
⇒
dx
= -cosec x (cot x + cosec x)
dy 1
⇒
dx
= − sin x (cot x + cosec x)
dy dy
⇒ sin x dx = -(cot x + cosec x) ⇒ sin x dx
= -y [from (i)]
dy
⇒ sin x = -y ..... (ii)
dx
Agian Differentiating both sides of (ii) w.r.t. x,
d 2y dy dy
sinx + cosx = -
dx 2 dx dx
d 2y dy dy
⇒ sinx ⋅ = − dx − cosx ⋅
dx 2 dx
d 2y dy
⇒ sinx ⋅ =− (1 + cosx)
dx 2 dx
d 2y 1
⇒ sinx ⋅ = (cosec x + cot x)(1 + cos x)
dx 2 sin x
d 2y
⇒ sinx ⋅ = (cosec x + cot x)(cosec x + cot x)
dx 2
d 2y
⇒ sinx ⋅ = y2 [from (i)]
dx 2
d 2y
⇒ sinx ⋅ - y2 = 0
dx 2
24. We have y = a cos (log x) + b sin (log x)
Differentiating both side w.r.t. to x
− asin ( log x ) bcos ( log x )
y1 = +
x x
xy1 = - a sin (log x) + b cos (log x)
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,
− 3cos ( log x ) 4sin ( log x )
xy2 + y1 (1) = x
− x

x2y 2+ xy1 = -3cos (log x) - 4 sin (log x)

7 / 26
 x2y2 + xy1 = -y

x2y2 + xy1 + y = 0

25. let y = cot-1 ( cos x − sin x

cos x + sin x )
Dividing numerator and denominator by cos x

( )
cos x − sin x
cos x
⇒ y = cot-1 cos x + sin x
cos x

( )
cos x − sin x
cos x
⇒ y = cot-1 cos x + sin x
cos x

⇒ y = cot-1
( 1 − tan x
1 + tan x )

( )
π
tan 4 − tan x
⇒ y= cot-1 π
1 + tan xtan 4

⇒ y = cot-1 tan
( ( )) π
4
−x

⇒ y = cot-1 cot ( ( ( ))) π

2
−
π
4
−x

⇒ y = cot-1 cot ( ( )) π
4
+x

π
⇒ y= 4
+x

Now, we can see that y = cot-1

( cos x − sin x
cos x + sin x ) =
π
4
+x

Now differentiating,

⇒
dy
dx
dy
= dx
d
( )
π
4
+x

⇒
dx
=0+1
dy
⇒
dx
=1

26. We have, x13y7 = (x + y)20

Taking log on both sides,
log(x13y7) = log(x + y)20
⇒ 13 log x + 7 log y = 20 log(x + y)
Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule,
d d d
13 dx (log x) + 7 dx
(log y) = 20 dx
log (x + y)
13 7 dy 20 d
⇒ + = (x + y)
x y dx x + y dx

⇒
13
x
+
7 dy
y dx
=
20
x+y [ ] 1+
dy
dx

8 / 26
 7 dy 20 dy 20 13
⇒
y dx
− x + y dx
= x+y
− x

⇒
dy
dx [ 7
y
−
20
x+y ] =
20
x+y
−
13
x

⇒
dy
dx [ ] [
7 ( x + y ) − 20y
y(x+y)
=
20x − 13 ( x + y )
x(x+y) ]
⇒
dy
dx
= [ ][
20x − 13x − 13y
x(x+y)
y(x+y)
7x + 7y − 20y ]
⇒
dy
dx
=
y
x ( ) 7x − 13y
7x − 13y
dy y
⇒
dx
= x
27. According to the question,
x = a (cos t + t sin t)
dx
dt
= -a sin t + a t cos t + a sin t
= a t cos t
d 2x
= -a t sin t + a cos t
dt 2
y = a(sin t - t cos t)
dy
dt
= a cos t - a cos t + a t sin t
= a t sin t
d 2y
= a t cos t + a sin t
dt 2
dx d 2y dy d 2x
− dt 2
d 2y dt dt 2 dt
=
dx 2
( ) dx
dt
3

atcos t ( atcos t + asin t ) − atsin t ( − atsin t + acos t )

=
( atcos t ) 3
a 2t 2cos 2 t + a 2tcos tsin t + a 2t 2sin 2 t − a 2tsin tcos t
=
( atcos t ) 3
a 2t 2 1
= =
a 3t 3cos 3 t atcos 3 t
Put the value of t in above equation,

d 2y
dx 2 | x
t= 4
= π
1

a × 4 cos 3 4
π
=
8√ 2

πa

28. At x = -3,
f(-3) = |-3| + 3 = 3 + 3 = 6
lim f(x)
x→ −3+
= lim − 2x
x→ −3+
= lim − 2( − 3 + h) = 6
h→0
lim f(x) = lim |x + 3| = 6
x→ −3− x→ −3−
Hence continuous at x = -3
At x = 3,
f(3) = 6 × 3 + 2 = 20
= lim f(x) = lim ( − 2x)
x→3− x→3−
= lim − 2(3 − h) = - 6
h→0

9 / 26
 = lim f(x) = lim (6x + 2)
x→3+ x→3+
= lim [6(3 + h) + 2] = 20
h→0
⇒ lim f(x) ≠ lim f(x)
x→ −3− x→3+
Hence f(x) is not continuous at x = 3
29. ∵ x = e
cos 2t and y = e sin 2t
dx d d
∴
dt
= dt
e cos 2t = e cos 2t. dt
cos2t
d
= e cos 2t. (− sin2t). dt
(2t)
dx
dt
= − 2e cos 2t. sin2t....(i)
dy d d
and dt
= dt
e sin 2t = e sin 2t. dt
sin2t
d
= e sin 2tcos2t. dt
2t
= 2e sin 2t. cos2t ..(ii)
dy dy / dt 2e sin 2t . cos 2t
∴ = =
dx dx / dt − 2e cos 2t . sin 2t
e sin 2t . cos 2t
= ...(iii)
e cos 2t . sin 2t
Now, x = e cos2t
Taking log on both sides,we get,
logx = cos2t. loge = cos2t ...(iv)
Also, y = e sin2t
Taking log on both sides, we get
logy = sin2t. loge = sin2t...(v)
dy − ylog x
∴
dx
= xlog y
[Using Eqs. (iv) and (v) in Eq. (iii) and x = e cos 2t, y = e sin 2t]
Hence proved.
√
30. We have, y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 = 1 √
Let x = sin A, y = sin B
⇒ sinB 1 − sin 2A + sinA 1 − sin 2B = 1
√ √
⇒ sin B cos A + sin A cos B = 1 [ ∵ sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos y]
⇒ (A + B) = 1
⇒ A + B = sin-1(1)
⇒ A + B = sin-1(1)
π
⇒ sin-1x + sin-1y = 2 [ ∵ x = sin A, y = sin B]
Differentiate with respect to x,

⇒
d
dx (sin x ) + (sin y ) =
−1
d
dx
−1
d
dx () π
2
1 1 dy
⇒ + dx
=0
√ 1 − x2 √ 1 − y2

1 − y2

√
dy
⇒ = −
dx 1 − x2

LHS = RHS
Hence Proved.
31. We have

y x 2 + 1 = log
√ (√ x2 + 1 − x )

10 / 26
 Differentiating both sides, we get y.
√
1

2 x2 + 1
(2x) +
dy
√x 2 + 1. dx =
1

√x 2 + 1 − x [ 1 ( 2x )

√
2 x2 + 1
−1
]
[ ] √x 2 + 1
xy dy 1 x−
⇒

√x 2 + 1
+ √ x2 + 1. dx
=
√x 2 + 1 − x √x 2 + 1

(
xy + x 2 + 1 ) dy − (√ x2 + 1 − x )
⇒
dx
=
√x 2 + 1 (√ x2 + 1 − x )√ x2 + 1

( )
dy
⇒ xy + x 2 + 1 dx
= −1

(x + 1 )
dy
⇒
2 + xy + 1 = 0
dx
d 2y
( ) ( )
dy
32. According to the question,if y = cosec-1x, x> 1, then we have to show that x x 2 − 1 + 2x 2 − 1 = 0.
dx 2 dx

Now, we have , y= cosec-1x

Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
dy −1
dx
=
√
x x2 − 1
dy
⇒ x x2 − 1 ⋅
√ = −1
dx
Again,differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,

(√ ) ( ) (√ )
d dy dy d d
x x2 − 1 ⋅
dx dx
+ dx
⋅
dx
x x2 − 1 = dx
( − 1)[ using product rule of derivative]

⇒ x x2 − 1 ⋅
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { x×
d
dx √
x 2 − 1+ √x 2 − 1 × (x)} = 0
dx
d

⇒ x x2 − 1
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { 2 √
x

x2 − 1
d
dx (x 2
−1 + ) √x 2 − 1 × 1} = 0[ using chain rule of derivative]

⇒ x x2 − 1
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { √
x ⋅ 2x

2 x2 − 1
+ √x 2 − 1 } =0

⇒
√
x x2 − 1
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { √
x2

x2 − 1
+ √x 2 − 1 } =0

⇒
√
x x2 − 1
d 2y
dx 2

d 2y
+
dy
dx { } x2 + x2 − 1

√x 2 − 1
dy
=0

⇒
( )
x x2 − 1
dx 2 ( ) =0
+ x2 + x2 − 1 dx
d 2y dy
∴ x (x − 1 )
2 + (2x − 1 ) = 0
2
dx 2 dx
33. Here, √y + x + √y − x = c
Differentiating with respect to x,
d d d
⇒
dx
(√y + x) + dx √y − x = dx
(c)
1 d 1 d
⇒ (y + x) + (y − x) = 0
2√y + x dx 2√y − x dx

⇒
1
2√ y + x ( ) dy
dx
+1 +
2√ y − x
1
( ) dy
dx
−1 =0

11 / 26
 ⇒
dy
dx ( ) ( )
2√ y + x
1
+
dy
dx 2√ y − x
1
=
1
2√ y − x
−
1
2√ y + x

⇒
dy
dx [
×
] [ ]
1
2
1

√y + x
+
1

√y − x
=
1
2
√y + x − √y − x
√y − x√y + x

⇒
dy
dx [ ] [ ]
√y − x + √y + x
√y + x√y − x
=
√y + x − √y − x
√y − x√y + x
dy √y + x − √y − x √y + x − √y − x
⇒
dx
= × [rationalising the denominator]
√y + x + √y − x √y + x − √y − x
dy ( y + x ) + ( y − x ) − 2√ y + x √ y − x
⇒
dx
= y+x−y+x

dy √
2y − 2 y 2 − x 2
⇒
dx
= 2x

dy 2y √
2 y2 − x2
⇒
dx
= 2x
− 2x
y2 − x2

√
dy y
⇒ = −
dx x x2

y2

√
dy y
⇒ = − −1
dx x x2

LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.
34. Suppose that, u = xsin x and v = (sin x)cos x
dy du dv
= +
dx dx dx

u= (x)sin x
Take log both sides,we get
log u = sin x log x
Differentiate w.r.t.x
1
u
×
du
dx
= sinx () 1
x
+ log x × cos x
du sin x
dx
=( x
+ log x × cos x) × u
du sin x
dx
=( x
+ log x × cos x) × (xsin x + (sin x)cos x).....(i)

v = (sin x)cos x
Taking log both sides,we get
log v = cos x log (sin x)
Differentiate,w.r.t.x
1
v
×
dv
dx
= cosx
( 1
sin x
× cosx
)
dv cos 2 x
dx
= sin x
×v
dv cos 2 x
dx
= sin x
× (sinx) cos x ......(ii)

dy
dx
=
cos 2 x
sin x
× (sinx) cos x + ( sin x
x
+ ln(x) × cosx ) × (xsin x + (sin x)cos x)

35. Let y = (cos x)x + (sin x)1/x

1

⇒ y = e log ( cos x ) x + e log ( sin x ) x

1
⇒ y = e xlog ( cos x ) + e x logsinx

12 / 26
 Differentiating with respect to x,

dy
dx
=
d
dx (e xlog cos x + )
d
dx ( 1
e x logsinx
)
( )
d 1 d 1
= e xlog cos x × dx
(xlogcosx) + e x logsinx dx x
logsinx

[ ] [ ( )]
1
d d 1 d d 1
( cos x ) x
= e log × x dx (logcosx) + logcosx × dx
(x) + e log ( sin x ) x
× x dx
(logsinx) + logsinx dx x

= (cosx) x x [( ) 1
cos x
d
dx
(cosx) + logcosx(1) + (sinx) x ]
1

[ 1
x
×
1
sin x
×
d
dx
(sinx) + logsinx −
( )]1
x2

= (cosx) x x [( ) 1
cos x
( − sinx) + logcosx + (sinx) x ]
1

[ 1
x
×
1
sin x
(cosx) −
1
x2
logsinx
]
= (cosx) x[logcosx − xtanx] + (sinx) x
1

[ cot x
x
−
1
x2
logsinx
]
The differentiation of the given function y is as above.

36. Let y =sin − 1

[ ] 2x + 1 ⋅ 3x
1 + ( 36 ) x

= sin − 1
[ ] 2 ⋅ 2x ⋅ 3x

1 + 62 ( ) x

= sin − 1
[ ]1 + 6x
2 ⋅ 6x

( ) 2

Put 6x = tan θ,then θ = tan − 1 6 x ( )

Therefore, y = sin − 1
( ) 2 ⋅ tan θ
1 + tan 2 θ

= sin − 1(sin2θ)
[ ∵ sin2θ =
2tan θ
1 + tan 2 θ ]
= 2θ

⇒ y = 2 tan-1(6x) [ ∵ θ = tan − 1 6 x ( )]
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,

dy
dx
=
1 + 6x
2
(6 )
2 dx
( )
d
x
[ ∵
d
dx
tan − 1x =
1
1 + x2 ]
∴
dy
dx
=
1 + 6x
2

( ) 2
⋅ 6 x ⋅ log6 =
[ ] 2x + 1 ⋅ 3x
1 + ( 36 ) x
log6

37. According to the question, f(x) = | x − 3 |

To Check the continuity of f(x) at x = 3.
Here, LHL = lim | x − 3 | = lim | 3 − h − 3 |
x→3− h→0
= lim | − h | = 0
h→0
RHL = lim | x − 3 | = lim | 3 + h − 3 |
x→3+ h→0

13 / 26
 = lim | h | = 0
h→0
and f(3) = | 3 − 3 | = 0
∴ , LHL = RHL = f(3)

Hence, f is continuous at x = 3.
To check the differentiability of f(x) at x = 3.
f(3−h) −f(3)
( )
LHD = f ′ 3 − = lim
h→0
−h
|3−h−3| − |3−3|
= lim −h
h→0
| −h| h
= lim −h
= lim −h
= −1
h→0 h→0
f(3+h) −f(3)
RHD = f'(3+) = lim h
h→0
|3+h−3| − |3−3|
= lim h
h→0
|h| h
= lim h
= lim h
=1
h→0 h→0
Since, LHD ≠ RHD at x = 3.
∴ f(x) is not differentiable at x=3

Hence proved.

{
1, if x ≤ 3
38. Given function is: f(x) = ax + b, if 3 < x < 5
7, if x ≥ 5
We have,
(LHL at x = 3) = lim f(x) = lim f(3 − h)
x→3− h→0
= lim (1) = 1
h→0
(RHL at x = 3) = lim f(x) = lim f(3 + h)
x→3+ h→0
= lim a(3 + h) + b = 3a + b
h→0
(LHL at x = 5) = lim f(x) = lim f(5 − h)
x→5− h→0
= lim (a(5 − h) + b) = 5a + b
h→0
(RHL at x = 5) = lim f(x) = lim f(5 + h)
x→5+ h→0
= lim 7 = 7
h→0
If f(x) is continuous at x = 3 and 5, then
lim f(x) = lim f(x) and lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x→3− x→3+ x→5− x→5+
⇒ 1 = 3a + b ...(i)
and 5a + b = 7 ...(ii)
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get,
a = 3 and b = -8
t
39. Given that, x = cos t + log tan 2 , y = sin t
Differentiating with respect to t, we have,
dx 1 t 1
dt
= − sint + t × sec 2 2 × 2
tan 2
1 1 1
= − sint + × t
×
t 2
sin 2 cos 2 2
t
cos 2

14 / 26
 1
= − sint + t t
2sin 2 cos 2
1
= − sint +
sin t
1 − sin 2 t
=
sin t
cos 2 t
= sin t
= cos t × cot t
dy
Now find the value of dt
:
dy
dt
= cos t
dy dy dt 1
Thus, dx
= dt
× dx
= cost × cos t × cot t
dy
⇒
dx
= tant
dy d 2y
Since = cos t, we have = − sint
dt dt 2

At t =
π
4
,
( ) d 2y
dt 2
t= 4
π
= − sin ()π
4
=
−1

√2

d 2y
d
dt ( ) dy
dx

=
dx 2 dx
dt
d
dt ( tan t )
= cos t × cot t
sec 2 t
= cos t × cot t
sec 2 t
= cos t
cos t × sin t
sec 2 t
= × sint
cos 2 t

= sec4 t × sin t

Thus,
( ) d 2y
dx 2
t= 4
π
= sec 4
() π
4
× sin
π
4
= 2√2

40. Given,
x = a sec θ ...(i)
y = b tan θ ...(ii)
d 2y b4
To prove: = −
dx 2 a 2y 3
To prove above we find differentiation twice.
d 2y
find
dx 2

As,
d 2y
dx 2
=
dx
d
() dy
dx
...(iii)

dy
Similarly, dθ
= bsec 2θ ...(iv)

[ ∵
dx
d
secx = secxtanx,
dy
dx
d
tanx = sec 2x ]
dy dx bsec 2θ b
∴
dx
= dx = asec θtan θ
= a cscθ
dθ

Differentiating again w.r.t x:

15 / 26
 d
dx () (
dy
dx
= dx
d b
a
cosecθ )
d 2y b dθ
= − cosecθcotθ dx ...(v) [using chain rule]
dx 2 a
From equation (iii)
dx
dθ
= asecθtanθ
dθ 1
∴
dx
= asec θtan θ
Putting the value in equation (v)
d 2y b 1
= − cosecθcotθ
dx 2 a asec θtan θ
d 2y −b
=
dx 2 a 2tan 3 θ
From equation (i)
y = b tanθ
d 2y −b b4
∴ = = −
dx 2 a 2y 3 a 2y 3
b3

Hence proved.
41. According to the question, y = x x
Taking log both sides,
⇒ log y = log x x
⇒ log y = xlog x

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,

1 dy d d
⇒
y dx
= x dx (logx) + logx dx (x) [Using product rule of derivative]
1 dy 1
⇒
y dx
=x× x
+ logx ⋅ 1
1 dy
⇒
y dx
= (1 + logx)
dy
⇒
dx
= y(1 + logx).......(i)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,
d 2y d dy
⇒ =y (1 + logx) + (1 + logx) [Using product rule of derivative]
dx 2 dx dx
d 2y 1 dy
⇒ =y× + (1 + logx)
dx 2 x dx
d 2y y dy
⇒ = + (1 + logx) dx
dx 2 x

⇒
d 2y
dx 2
=
y
x
+
1
y ( )( )
dy
dx
dy
dx
[ Using Equation(i)]

∴
d 2y
dx 2
−
1
y () dy 2
dx
−
y
x
=0

Hence Proved
1 + cos 3x
42. We have, cot-1 (
√ 1 − cos 3x
)

1 + cos 3x

√
⇒ cot-1 ( 3x )
2sin 2 2

1 + cos 3x

√
⇒ cot-1 ( 3x )
2sin 2 2

16 / 26
 3x

√
2cos 2 2
⇒ cot-1 ( 3x )
2sin 2 2

⇒ cot-1 ( cot 2 √ () 3x
2
)

⇒ cot-1 cot ( ( )) 3x
2
3x
⇒
2
1 + cos 3x 3x
Now, we can see that cot-1 (
√ 1 − cos 3x
)= 2

Now, differentiating,

⇒
d
dx () 3x
2
3
= 2

43. Let, y = sin − 1

( ) ( )
√
x

1 + x2
+ cos − 1
1

√1 + x 2
Put x = tanθ

∴ y = sin − 1
( √
tan θ

1 + tan 2 θ ) (
+ cos − 1
1

√1 + tan 2 θ )
()
sin θ

⇒ y= sin − 1
cos θ

sec θ
+ cos − 1 ( )1
sec θ

()
sin θ
cos θ
⇒ y = sin − 1 1 + cos − 1(cosθ)
cos θ

⇒ y = sin − 1(sinθ) + cos − 1(cosθ) ...(i)

Here, 0 < x < ∞
⇒ 0 < tan θ < ∞

π
⇒ 0<θ< 2
So, from equation (i),

y=θ+θ [ since , sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈

[ π π
− 2, 2 ] , cos − 1(cosθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [0, π]]

⇒ y = 2θ
⇒ y = 2 tan-1x ... [Since, x = tan θ]
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy 2
∴ =
dx 1 + x2
LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.

17 / 26
44. Here, y = tan − 1
( √1 + x − √1 − x
√1 + x + √1 − x )
Put x = cos 2θ

∴ y = tan − 1
( √1 + cos 2θ − √1 − cos 2θ
√1 + cos 2θ + √1 − cos 2θ )
= tan − 1
( √2cos 2 θ − √2sin 2 θ
√2cos 2 θ + √2sin 2 θ )
= tan − 1
( √2 ( cos θ − sin θ )
√2 ( cos θ + sin θ ) )
( )
cos θ − sin θ
cos θ
= tan − 1 cos θ + sin θ [Dividing numerator and denominator by cos θ]
cos θ

( )
cos θ sin θ
cos θ − cos θ
= tan − 1 cos θ sin θ
cos θ + cos θ

= tan − 1
( 1 − tan θ
1 + tan θ )

( )
π
tan 4 − tan θ
= tan − 1 π
1 + tan 4 × tan θ

= tan − 1 tan
π
[ ( )] π
4
−θ

= 4
−θ
π 1
= 4
− 2 cos − 1x (Using x = cos 2θ)
Differentiate it with respect to x,

dy
dx
=0−

dy
1
2 ( ) √1 − x 2
1
−1

∴
dx
=
√
2 1 − x2

The differentiation of the given function y is as above.

45. According to the question, x y = e x − y
Taking log both sides ,
⇒ ylog x = (x − y)log e
e e
⇒ ylog ex = (x − y)
⇒ y(1 + logx) = x
x
⇒ y= 1 + log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x,
d d
dy ( 1 + log x ) dx ( x ) − x dx ( 1 + log x )
⇒ = [ Using quotient rule of derivative]
dx ( 1 + log x ) 2

18 / 26
 1
1 + log x − x ⋅ x 1 + log x − 1
= =
( 1 + log x )2
( 1 + log x ) 2
dy log x
∴ =
dx ( 1 + log x ) 2
Hence Proved
46. We have, y = sinx sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x ...(i)
Taking log on both sides
log y = log(sin x sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x)
⇒ log y = log sin x + log sin 2x + log sin 3x + log sin 4x

Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule,

1 dy d d d d
= (logsinx) + (logsin2x) + (logsin3x) + (logsin4x)
y dx dx dx dx dx
1 dy 1 d 1 d 1 d 1 d
⇒
y dx
= sin x dx
(sinx) + sin 2x dx
(sin2x) + sin 3x dx
(sin3x) + sin 4x dx
(sin4x)
1 dy 1 1 d 1 d 1 d
⇒
y dx
= sin x
(cosx) + sin 2x
(cos2x) dx (2x) + sin 3x
(cos3x) dx (3x) + sin 4x
(cos4x) dx (4x)
1 dy
⇒
y dx
= [cot x + cot 2x(2) + cot 3x (3) + cot 4x (4)]
dy
⇒
dx
= y[cot x + 2 cot 2x + 3 cot 3x + 4 cot 4x]
dy
⇒ = (sin x sin 2x sin 3x sin 4x) [cot x + 2 cot 2x + 3 cot 3x + 4 cot 4x] [Using equation (i)]
dx
The differentiation of the given function y is as above.

47. Let, y = tan − 1

{ } 2x + 1
1 − 4x

Put 2x = tanθ

y = tan − 1
{ } 1 − 2x
2x × 2

( ) 2

y = tan − 1
( ) 2tan θ
1 − tan 2 θ

y = tan − 1(tan2θ) ...(i)

Here, − ∞ < x < 0
⇒ 2
− ∞ < 2x < 2 ∘

⇒ 0 < 2x < 1
π
⇒ 0<θ<
4
π
⇒ 0 < 2θ < 2
So, from equation (i),

[
y = 2θ since tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈
( π π
− 2, 2 )]
y = 2 tan-1(2x)
Differentiating it with respect to x,
dy 2 d
dx
=
1+ ( )
(2 )
2x
2 dx
x

(2 )
dy 2 d
= x
dx dx
1+ ( ) 2x
2

dy 2 x + 1log e 2
= .
dx 1 + 4x

48. Let f(x) = a1x2 + a2x + a3, g(x) = b1x2 + b2x + b3 and h(x) = c1x2 + c2x + c3.
Then, f'(x) = 2a1x + a2,g'(x) = 2b1x + b2 and h'(x) = 2c1x + c2

19 / 26
 f"(x) = 2a1,g" = 2b1,h"(x) = 2c1
and, f'''(x) = g'''(x) = h'''(x) = 0 ...(i)
In order to prove that ϕ (x) is a constant polynomial, it is sufficient to show that ϕ ″ (x) = 0 for all x.
Now,

| |
f(x) g(x) h(x)
ϕ(x) = f ′(x) g ′(x) h ′(x)
f ′′(x) g ′′(x) h ′′(x)

| || || |
f ′(x) g ′(x) h ′(x) f(x) g(x) h(x) f(x) g(x) h(x)
′′ g ′′(x) h ′′(x) + f ′(x) g ′(x) h ′(x)
⇒ ϕ ′(x) = f ′(x) g ′(x) h ′(x) + f (x)
f ′′(x) g ′′(x) h ′′(x) f ′′(x) g ′′(x) h ′′(x) f ′′′(x) g ′′′(x) h ′′′(x)

| |
f(x) g(x) h(x)
⇒ ϕ ′(x) =0+0+ f ′(x) g ′(x) h ′(x) [Using (i)]
0 0 0

⇒ ϕ ′ = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 for all x.
⇒ ϕ(x) = Constant for all x.
Hence, ϕ(x) is constant polynomial.

49. We have, log x 2 + y 2 = tan − 1

√ () x
y

()
1
y
⇒
(
log x 2 + y 2 ) 2
= tan − 1 x

⇒
1
2 (
log x 2 + y 2 = tan − 1 ) ()
y
x

Differentiate with respect to x, we get

⇒
1 d
2 dx (
log x 2 + y 2 = )
d
dx
tan − 1 () y
x

⇒
1
2 ( ) 1
x2 + y2 dx
d
(x 2 + y2 )=
1+
1

()
()y
x
2
dx
d y
x

( )[ [ ]
dy d

]
1 1 dy x2 x dx − y dx ( x )
⇒ 2x + 2y dx =
2 x2 + y2 x2
(x + y )
2 2

( )( ) [ ]
dy d
1 dy x2 x dx − y dx ( x )
⇒ x + y dx =
x2 + y2 x2
(x +y )
2 2

( )( ) [ ]
dy
1 dy x2 x dx − y ( 1 )
⇒ x + y dx =
x2 + y2 x2
(x +y )
2 2

dy dy
⇒ x+y =x −y
dx dx

20 / 26
 dy dy
⇒ y dx − x dx = − y − x
dy
⇒ (y - x) = -(y + x)
dx
dy − (y+x)
⇒
dx
= y−x
dy x+y
⇒
dx
= x−y

{
3ax + b, if x > 1
50. Given, f(x) = 11, if x = 1
5ax − 2b, if x < 1
Since f(x) is continuos at x=1, therefore,
LHL = RHL = f(1)..........(i)
Now, LHL = lim f(x) = lim (5ax − 2b)
x→1− x→1−
= lim [5a(1 − h) − 2b]
h→0
= lim (5a − 5ah − 2b)= 5a - 2b
h→0
and RHL = lim (3ax + b) = lim [3a(1 + h) + b]
x→1+ h→0
= lim (3a + 3ah + b) = 3a + b
h→0
Also, given that f(1) = 11
On substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
5a - 2b = 3a + b = 11
⇒ 3a + b = 11............(ii)

and 5a - 2b = 11......(iii)
On subtracting 3 × Eq. (iii) from 5 × Eq. (ii), we get
15a + 5b - 15a + 6b = 55 - 33
⇒ 11b = 22 ⇒ b = 2

On putting the value of b in Eq. (ii), we get,

3a + 2 = 11 ⇒ 3a = 9 ⇒ a = 3
Hence, a = 3 and b = 2
51. According to the question, we have to show that the function defined is continuous at x = 2 but not differentiable at x = 2.

{
3x − 2, 0<x≤1
f(x) = 2x 2 − x, 1<x≤2
5x − 4, x>2

let us check its Continuity at x = 2

LHL = lim x → 2 − f(x) = lim x → 2 − (2x2 - x)
⇒ LHL = lim h → 0 [2(2 - h)2 - (2 - h)]
= lim h → 0[2(4 + h2 - 4h) - (2 - h)]

= lim h → 0( 8 + 2h2 - 8h - 2 + h)
⇒ LHL = 8 - 2 = 6
and RHL = lim x → 2 + f(x) = lim x → 2 + (5x − 4)
⇒ RHL = lim h → 0[5(2 + h) - 4]
= lim h → 0(10 + 5h - 4) = = lim h → 0(5h + 6)
⇒ RHL = 6
Also, f(2) = 2(2)2 - 2 = 8 - 2 = 6
Since, LHL = RHL = f(2)
Therefore function f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
We will now check the differentiabililty of the given function at x = 2.
Differentiability at x = 2

21 / 26
 f(2−h) −f(2)
LHD = lim h → 0 −h

[2(2−h) − (2−h) ] − [8−2]

2

⇒ LHD = lim h → 0 −h
2 ( 4 + h 2 − 4h ) − (2−h) −6
= lim h → 0 −h
8 + 2h 2 − 8h − 2 + h − 6
= lim h → 0 h
h ( 2h − 7 )
= lim h → 0 −h
= lim h → 0-(2h - 7)
⇒ LHD = 7
f(2+h) −f(2)
and RHD = lim h → 0 h
[5(2+h) −4] − [8−2]
= lim h → 0 h
( 6 + 5h ) − ( 6 ) 5h
= lim h → 0 h
= lim h → 0 h
⇒ RHD = 5
Since, LHD ≠ RHD
Therefore, function f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous at x = 2 but not differentiable at x=2.
x2 + 1

√
dy
52. We have, dx
, if y = x tan x + 2

x2 + 1
Taking, u = x tan x and v =
√ 2

logu = tanxlogx ...(ii)

x2 + 1
and v 2 = 2
...(iii)
On, differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
1 du 1
.
u dx
= tanx. x
+ logxsec 2x

⇒
du
dx
=u [ tan x
x
+ logx. sec 2x ]
= x tan x [ tan x
x
+ logx. sec 2x ...(iv) ]
also, differentiating Eq. (iii) w.r.t. x, we get
dv 1 dv 1
2v. dx
= 2
(2x) ⇒
dx
= 4v
. (2x)
dv 1 x . √2
⇒
dx
= .2x =
x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1
√
4.
√ 2

dv x
⇒
dx
= ...(v)
√2 ( x 2 + 1 )
Now, y = u + v
dy du dv
∴
dx
= dx
+ dx

= x tan x
[ tan x
x
+ logx. sec 2x +
] x

√2 ( x 2 + 1 )
53. Given,
x = a (cosθ + θ sinθ) ...(1)
y = a (sinθ - θ cosθ) ...(2)
To prove:

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 d 2x
(i) = a(cosθ − θsinθ),
dθ 2
d 2y
(ii) = a(sinθ + θcosθ)
dθ 2
d 2y sec 3 θ
(iii) =
dx 2 aθ
We notice a second order derivative in the expression to be proved so first take the step to find the second order derivative.
d 2y
Let's find
dx 2

As
d 2y
dx 2
=
d
dx ()dy
dx
dx d
= a(cosθ + θsinθ)
dθ dθ
= a (-sinθ + θ cosθ + sinθ)
[differentiated using product rule for θ sinθ]
= aθ cosθ ...(3)
Again differentiating w.r.t. θ using product rule:
d 2x
= a( − θsinθ + cosθ)
dθ 2
d 2x
∴ = a(cosθ − θsinθ) ...proved (i)
dθ 2
Similarly,
dy d d d
dθ
= dθ
a(sinθ − θcosθ) = a dθ sinθ − a dθ (θcosθ)
= a cosθ + a θ sinθ - a cosθ
dy
∴
dθ
= aθsinθ ...(5)
Again differentiating w.r.t θ using product rule:
d 2x
= a(θcosθ + sinθ)
dθ 2
d 2x
∴ = a(sinθ + θcosθ) ...proved (ii)
dθ 2
dy
dy dθ
∵
dx
= dx
dθ

Using equations (4) and (5)

dy aθsin θ
dx
= aθcos θ
= tanθ

As
d 2y
dx 2
=
d
dx ()dy
dx

∴ Again differentiating w.r.t x:

d 2y d
= tanθ
dx 2 dx
dθ
= sec 2θ dx [using chain rule]
dx dθ 1
∵ = aθcosθ => =
dθ dx aθcos θ
Putting a value in the above equation
We have:
d 2y 1
= sec 2θ ×
dx 2 aθcos θ
d 2y sec 3 θ
= ...proved (iii)
dx 2 aθ
54. Given,

x = sin
( ) 1
a
logy

(log y) = a sin-1x

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 −1
y = e asin x ...(i)
To prove: (1 - x2) y2 - xy1 - a2y = 0
We notice a second-order derivative in the expression to be proved so first take the step to find the second-order derivative.
d 2y
Let's find
dx 2

As,
d 2y
dx 2
=
dx
d
() dy
dx

So, lets first find dy/dx

−1
∵ y = e asin x

Let t = asin-1x

⇒
dt
dx
=
√ ( 1 − x2 )
a

[ d
dx
sin − 1x =
1

√ ( 1 − x2 ) ]
And y = et
dy dy dt
=
dx dt dx
−1
dy a ae asin x

dx
= et = ...(ii)
√ ( 1 − x2 ) √ ( 1 − x2 )
Again differentiating with respect to x applying product rule:

d 2y
dx 2
= ae asin
−1 x
d
dx ( ) √
1

1 − x2
+
a

√ ( 1 − x2 )
d
dx
e asin
− 1x

Using chain rule and equation (ii)

−1 −1
d 2y ae asin x a 2e asin x
= − ( − 2x) +
dx 2
(
2 1 − x2 ) √1 − x 2
( 1−x ) 2

(x ) = nx
d d 1
[using n n−1 sin − 1x = ]
dx dx
√ ( 1 − x2 )
−1 −1
d 2y xae asin x a 2e asin x
= +
dx 2
( 1 − x ) √1 − x
2 2
(1−x ) 2

−1
d 2y xae asin x
(1 − ) x2
dx 2
=
−1
a 2e asin x +
√1 − x 2
Using equation (i) and equation (ii)
d 2y
( )
dy
1 − x2 = a 2y + x
dx 2 dx

∴ (1 - x2) y2 - xy1 - a2y = 0

Hence proved.

55. Given: x +
( ) 1 x
x
+x ( )
1+ x
1

( ) ( ) 1 x 1
Let y = x + +x 1+ x
x

Also, let y = u + v

⇒ u= x+
( ) 1
x
x
and v = x ( ) 1+ x
1

For, u = x + ( ) 1
x
x

Taking log on both sides, we get

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logu = log x + ( ) 1 x
x

Now, differentiate both sides with respect to x

d
dx
(logu) =
dx
d
[ ( )]
x ⋅ log x +
1
x

⇒
1 du
u dx
=x⋅
( ( )) ( )
d
dx
log x +
1
x
+ log x +
1
x
⋅
d
dx
(x)

⇒
du
dx
=u x⋅
[ ( )
( )
x+ x
(
1
) 1
⋅
d
dx
x+
1
x
+ log x +
1
x
]
⇒
du
dx
=u x⋅
[ ( ) x+ x
1

1
⋅
( dx
dx
+
d
dx ( )) ( )
1
x
+ log x +
1
x
]
⇒
du
dx
=u
[ ( )
x

x+ x
1
⋅
( )
1−
x2
1
+ log x + ( ) 1
x
]
⇒
du
dx
=u
[ ( )
x

x+ x
1
⋅
( ) ( )
x2 − 1
x2
+ log x +
1
x
]
⇒
du
dx ( ) [(
= x+
1 x
x
x2 − 1
x2 + 1 ) ( )]
+ log x +
1
x

For, v = x ( )
1+ x
1

Taking log on both sides, we get

logv = logx ( ) 1+ x
1

⇒ logv = 1 +
( ) 1
x
⋅ logx

Now, differentiate both sides with respect to x

d
dx
(logv) =
d
[( ) ]
dx
1+
1
x
⋅ logx

⇒
1 dv
v dx ( )( )
= logx ⋅
d
dx
1+
1
x
+ 1+
1
x
⋅
d
dx
(logx)

⇒
dV
dx [ ( )( )
= v logx ⋅ 0 −
x2
1
+ 1+
1
x
⋅
1
x ]
⇒
dv
dx
=x ( )[−
1+ x
1 log x
x 2 +
( )]
1
x
+
1
x2

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 ⇒
dv
dx
=x ( )[
1+ x
1 − log x + x + 1
x2 ]
⇒
dv
dx
=x ( )[
1+ x
1 x + 1 − log x
x2 ]
Because, y = u + v
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx

( ) [( x2 − 1

) ( )] ( )[ ]
dy 1 x 1 1 x + 1 − log x
⇒ = x+ + log x + +x 1+ x
dx x x2 + 1 x x2

56. Let y = √cosx + √cosx + √cosx. . . . .

y= √cosx + y
Squaring both sides,
y 2 = cosx + y
Differentiate
dy dy
2y = − sinx +
dx dx
dy
dx
(2y − 1) = − sinx
dy
(1 − 2y) dx = + sinx
dy
(1 − 2y) dx = sinx

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