ASIAN INTERNATIONAL

PRIVATE SCHOOL (2023-

2024)

Physics project file

Topic - Electromagnetic Induction

Done By Mohammad Imran Rashid

Class - 12 B
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Miss/Master

of Grade XII Registration no has carried out the

project work in English prescribed by the Central Board of

Secondary Education, New Delhi during the academic year

2023-2024.

Teacher in charge: Ms. Josena Jose

Date: / / 2023

Internal Examiner:

External Examiner:
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express a deep sense of gratitude to
my Physics teacher Mrs Josena Jose
and Lab assistant for guiding me immensely
through the course of my project. Her constructive
advice and constant motivation have been a vital
support for the successful completion of my
project. I would like to thank my parents for their
constant encouragement. Last but not the least, I
would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my
classmates and school management for their un-
wavering enthusiasm and timely help for the com-
pletion of this project.
 S Topic P
l. g
N n
o o
.

1 Introduction 1
.

2 Components / Materials Required 2

. -
 4

3 Experimental Setup 5
.

4 Working 6
. -
7

5 Applications 8
. -
9

6 Conclusion 1
. 0

7 Bibliography 1
. 1
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field disap-
pears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction.

Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field causes molecules in another object to
flow. Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).

Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.

Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the area normal to the field through which the field
is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).

1
 1. Copper wire

Copper has been used in electrical wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s. The inven-
tion of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. Copper is the electrical con-
ductor in many categories of electrical wiring

2. Battery

A battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for power-
ing electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the
anode.

3. Wire

Metal drawn out into the form of a thin flexible thread or rod that connects different components in a circuit.

2
4. 9V Clip on Battery Type Snap Connector with Wire

This is Battery Snap connector is for connecting 9v batteries . This is a T-type connector
which means the wires are perpendicular to the batteries.

5. Round Head Light Emitting Diode LED 3mm

Specialized diodes that emit light when supplied with sufficient current at the ap-
propriate voltage.

3
INVENTION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in
1831 though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco
Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a similar
discovery, but did not publish his findings until later.

Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f. will be generated
in the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by Ampere and
Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an e.m.f.
could be generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux.

Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is changing.

For example, consider two coils as shown in Following Figure.

4
5
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved
through a magnetic field because the magnetic lines of
force are applying a force on the free electrons in the
conductor and causing them to move. This process of
generating current in a conductor by placing the conduc-
tor in a changing magnetic field is called induction. This
is called induction because there is no physical connec-
tion between the conductor and the magnet. The current
is said to be induced in the conductor by the magnetic
field. One requirement for this electromagnetic induction
to take place is that the conductor, which is often a
piece of wire, must be perpendicular to the magnetic
lines of force in order to produce the maximum force on
the free electrons. The direction that the induced current
flows is determined by the direction of the lines of force
and by the direction the wire is moving in the field. In the
animation above the ammeter (the instrument used to
measure current) indicates when there is current in the
conductor.

6
Lenz’s Law:

7
When an Emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the induced
Emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic
field opposes the change which produces it. The induced
magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts to
keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In the exam-
ples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field
acts
in op-
po- si-
tion
to it. If it is
de- creas-
ing, the in-
duced field
acts in the di-
rection of the applied field to try to keep it
constant.Project Picture

8
Project Picture

9
1
0
Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday’s law of induction due to relative move-
ment of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon underlying
electrical generators. When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a
conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force is created. If the wire is
connected through an electrical load, current will flow, and thus electri-
cal energy is generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion to
electrical energy.

Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday’s law is also responsible for electrical
transformers. When the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the
changing current creates a changing magnetic field. A second wire in
reach of this magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field
as a change in its coupled magnetic flux, dΦB/dt. Therefore, an electro-
motive force is set up in the sec-
ond loop called the induced EMF
or transformer EMF. If the two
ends of this loop are connected
through an elec- trical load, current
will flow.

1
1
The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many devices and systems, including:

• Electrical generators

n electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motion-based power or fuel-based power into electric power for
use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal com-

bustion engines, wind turbines and even hand cranks

• Induction motors

An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to pro-
duce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can
therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor.

1
2
• Induction sealing

Induction sealing is the process of bonding thermoplastic materials by induction

heating. This involves controlled heating an electrically conducting object (usually
aluminum foil) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object
by eddy currents.

1
3
 • Inductive charging

Inductive charging is a type of wireless power transfer. It uses electromagnetic

induction to provide electricity to portable devices. Inductive charging is
also used in vehicles, power tools, electric toothbrushes, and medical devices

• Transformers

1
4
device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (step-
ping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage.

• Wireless energy transfer

Wireless power transfer, wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the
transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link.

1
5
 • Wireless charger

Wireless power transfer (WPT or wireless charging) is a technology that allows transmission of energy through an air gap to
a load without any interconnecting cables.

1
6
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published by Michael
Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important electro-magnetic con-
cept. Although its mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is
not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic
field. This concept has many far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways:
from the shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile communications, to electricity to
power our homes. We can all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.

1
7
Image : Internet

NCERT Grade 12th Textbook https://www.wikipedia.org/ https://www.google.com/

• Wikipedia.co
• Google search engine
• www.youtube.com/knowledgecycle
• www.knowledgecycle.in

1
8
1
9