13

1. (b) We have, 5. (b) Here, R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1), (4, 4), (1, 3),
-1 -1 -1
cos a + cos b + cos g = 3p (3, 3), (3, 2)}.
-1
We know that 0 £ cos x£p Since, (a, a) Î R for every a Î {1, 2, 3, 4}.
Þ cos -1 a = cos -1 b = cos -1 g = p \ R is reflexive.
Þ a =b = g = -1 Now, since (1, 2) Î R but (2, 1) Ï R
æ 1 1 1ö \ R is not symmetric.
Now, (a 3 + b 3 + g 3 ) - ç + + ÷
èa b gø Also, it is observed that (a, b), (b, c ) Î R
æ 1 1 1ö Þ (a, c ) Î R.
= (-1) + (-1) + (-1) - ç
3 3 3
+ + ÷
è -1 -1 -1ø
For all a, b, c Î {1, 2, 3, 4}
= -3+ 3= 0
\ R is transitive.
é 4 6 ù é 3 -6ù
2. (a) Let A = ê ú and B = ê ú Hence, R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
ë -3 7 û ë 5 -8û
6. (b) Given lines can be rewritten as
Then, the given matrix equation is X + A = B.
x -1 y -2 z
\ X+ A=B = = …(i)
2 -1 3
Þ X = B + ( - A) x + 1 y + 2 z -1
and = = …(ii)
é 3 -6ù é -4 -6ù 5 3 -a
=ê ú+ê ú
ë 5 -8û ë 3 -7 û Q Eqs. (i) and (ii) are perpendicular.
\ 2(5) + (-1)(3) + 3(- a ) = 0
é 3 + (-4) -6 + (-6)ù é -1 -12 ù é ù
=ê ú=ê ú a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c 2
ë 5 + 3 -8 + (-7 )û ë 8 -15û êQ cos q = ú
êë a + b +c
2
1 1
2 2
1 a + b + c úû
2
2
2
2
2
2
é -1 -12 ù
Hence, X=ê ú Þ 10 - 3 - 3 a = 0
ë 8 -15û Þ 3a = 7
7
3. (b) Let y = sin -1 æç
1 ö Þ a=
÷
è 2ø 3
1/ 4
1 æpö p é p 1 ù d 2 y æ dy ö
Þ sin y = = sin ç ÷ Þ y = Q sin = 7. (a) Given that, +ç ÷ + x1/ 5 = 0
è ø êë 4 2 úû dx 2 è dx ø
2 4 4
1/ 4
We know that the principal value branch of sin -1 is æ dy ö æ d 2y ö
Þ ç ÷ = - ç x1/ 5 + ÷
é p pù p é p pù è dx ø è dx 2 ø
– , and Î - , .
êë 2 2 úû 4 êë 2 2 úû On squaring both sides, we get
æ 1 ö p 1/ 2
æ d 2y ö
2
Hence, the principal value of sin -1 ç ÷ is . æ dy ö
= ç x1/ 5 +
è 2ø 4 ç ÷ ÷
è dx ø è dx 2 ø
4. (b) We have, Again, on squaring both sides, we get
-1 -1 p p dy æ 1/ 5 d 2 y ö
4
cot (- 3 ) + tan (1) = p - + = çx +
6 4 ÷
dx è dx 2 ø
12 p - 2 p + 3p 13p
= = order = 2, degree = 4
12 12
 8. (b) Given, f ( x ) = xe x Þ f ¢( x ) = e x + xe x x 3 + 5x 2 - 4 x3 x2 1
ò x 2
dx = ò 2 dx + 5 ò 2 dx - 4 ò 2 dx
x x x
Þ f ¢¢( x ) = e x + xe x + e x = 2e x + xe x
= ò x dx + 5 ò 1 dx - 4 ò x - 2 dx
For maxima or minima, putting f ¢( x ) = 0
Þ e x (1 + x ) = 0 Þ x = -1 x2 æ x -2 + 1 ö
= + 5x - 4 ç ÷
æ 1ö 1 1 2 è -2 + 1ø
At x = -1, f ¢¢( x ) = f ¢¢(-1) = 2 ç ÷ - = > 0
èe ø e e x2 æ x -1 ö
= + 5x - 4 ç ÷
So, at x = -1, f ( x ) is minimum. 2 è -1 ø
x3 x2 4
9. (b) We have, I = ò dx = + 5x + + C
x+1 2 x
1 ® ®
= ò ( x 2 - x + 1) - dx 13. (b) Let a = i$ + k$ and b = i$ - $j + ak$.
x+1 ® ®
Since, a and b are perpendicular
x3 x2
= - + x - log|1 + x| + C ® ®
3 2 \ a × b = 0 Þ (i$ + k$ )× (i$ - $j + ak$ ) = 0
x2 x3 Þ 1- 0 + a = 0 Þ a = - 1
\ I=x- + - log|1 + x| + C
2 3
14. (b) We have,
ì 3, if 0 £ x £ 1
ï ®
10. (a) Here, f ( x ) = í 4, if 1 < x < 3 a = (i$ + 3 $j - 2 k$ ) ´ (- i$ + 0 $j + 3k$ )
ïî 5, if 3 £ x £ 10
i$ $j k$
For 0 £ x £ 1, f ( x ) = 3; 1 < x < 3 ; f ( x ) = 4 and 3 £ x £ 10 , = 1 3 -2
f ( x ) = 5 are constant functions, so it is continuous in the -1 0 3
above interval, so we have to check the continuity at
x = 1, 3. = (9 - 0 ) i$ - (3 - 2 )$j + (0 + 3)k$

At x = 1, LHL = lim- f ( x ) = lim- (3) = 3, = 9 i$ - $j + 3 k$

x ®1 x ®1
®
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ (4) = 4 \ | a| = 92 + (-1)2 + 32 = 91
x ®1 x ®1
p/ 2
\ LHL ¹ RHL 15. (b) Let I = ò0 xI sin
II
x dx
Thus, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1. p/ 2
= [- x cos x ] 0 - ò
p/ 2
[1 ´ (- cos x )] dx
At x = 3, LHL = lim- f ( x ) = lim- (4) = 4, 0
x®3 x®3
[integrating by parts]
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ (5) = 5 p/ 2 p/ 2
x®3 x®3 = [- x cos x ] + [sin x ]
0 0
\ LHL ¹ RHL. æ p p ö æ p ö
= ç - cos + 0 cos 0 ÷ + çsin - sin 0 ÷
Thus, f ( x ) is continuous everywhere except at x = 1, 3 è 2 2 ø è 2 ø
æ p ö
1
11. (b) Let I = ò0 3x - [ x ] dx = ç - (0 ) + 0 ÷ + (1 - 0 ) = 1
è 2 ø
1
= ò 3x - 0dx [Q[ x ] = 0, x Î(0,1 )] ® ®
®
b× a
®
3
0
16. (b) Projection of b on a = ®
=
é 3 ù x
1
é a ù
x
| a| 2
=ê êQ ò a dx = log a ú
x
ú
ë log 3 û 0 ë û écos q - sin qù
17. (c) We have, A = ê ú
é 3 3 ù ë sin q cos q û
1 0
=ê -
ë log 3 log 3 úû é cos q sin q ù
AT = ê ú
=
3
-
1
=
2 ë - sin q cos qû
log 3 log 3 log 3 é2 cos q 0 ù é 1 0ù
AT + A = ê =
x 3 + 5x 2 - 4 ë 0 2 cos qúû êë 0 1úû
12. (c) We have, ò dx.
x2 1
\ 2 cos q = 1 Þ cos q =
Here, the integrand cannot be integrated directly, so we 2
will break the integrand into three terms by taking x 2 as p
denominator of each term of numerator and then \ q=
3
integrate each term separately.
18. (b) The given points are P (2, 3, 4) , Q (-1, - 2, 1) log 3 512 log 4 3 log 3 2 9 log 22 3
21. We have, D = =
and R (5, 8, 7 ). log 3 8 log 4 9 log 3 2 3 log 22 32
It is known that the direction ratios of line joining the 1
9 log 3 2log 2 3
points, ( x1, y1, z1 ) and ( x2, y2, z2 ) are given by = 2
( x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1 ). 2
3 log 3 2 log 2 3
2
Then, direction ratios of PQ are (-1 - 2, - 2 - 3, 1 - 4)
Þ (-3, - 5, - 3) é n ù
êQ log a p m = p log a mú
n

Direction ratios of PR are (5 - 2, 8 - 3, 7 - 4) ë û

1
Þ (3, 5, 3) 9 log 3 2 log 2 3
= 2
-3 -5 -3
As = = , therefore the direction ratios of PQ 3 log 3 2 log 2 3 (1)
3 5 3
æ 1 ö
and PR are proportional. = (9 log 3 2 ) ´ (log 2 3) - ç log 2 3÷ (3 log 3 2 )
è2 ø
Hence, PQ and PR are parallel but they have a point A in
3
common, therefore PQ and PR are along the same line = 9 (log 3 2 ´ log 2 3) - (log 2 3 ´ log 3 2 )
i.e. P, Q and R are collinear. 2
3 15
Therefore, P, Q, R lie on the same line. = 9- = [Q log b a ´ log a b = 1] (1)
2 2
19. (a) Assertion Here, f : A ´ B ® B ´ A is defined as 1
22. We have, xy = 1 Þ y =
f (a, b) = (b, a). x
Let (a1, b1 ), (a2, b2 ) Î A ´ B such that dy 1
\ =- 2
dx x
f (a1, b1 ) = f (a2, b2 )
dy é 1ù
Þ (b1, a1 ) = (b2, a2 ) Þ = - ( y2 ) Qy= (1)
dx ëê x ûú
Þ b1 = b2 and a1 = a2 dy
Þ + y2 = 0 (1)
Þ (a1, b1 ) = (a2, b2 ) dx
Therefore, f is one-one. Or
Now, let (b, a) Î B ´ A be any element. We have,
Then, there exists (a, b) Î A ´ B such that f (a, b) = (b, a). y = xsin x
[definition of f ] On taking log both sides, we get
Therefore, f is onto. Hence, f is bijective. log y = sin x log x
Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason On differentiating w.r.t x, we get
is the correct explanation of Assertion. 1 dy 1
= cos x × log x + sin x × (1)
é 1 1 -2 ù y dx x
20. (b) Assertion The given matrix is A = ê2 1 -3ú dy é sin x ù
ê ú Þ = y cos x log x +
êë 5 4 -9úû dx êë x úû
1 1 -2 é sin x ù
= xsin x cos x log x + (1)
êë x úû
Then,| A| = 2 1 -3
5 4 -9 23. Let I = ò
1
dx
x( x n + 1)
By expanding along R1 (first row), we get
1 -3 2 -3 2 1 xn - 1
| A| = 1 -1 + (- 2 ) =ò dx
4 -9 5 -9 5 4 x ( x n + 1)
n

= 1(- 9 + 12 ) - 1 (- 18 + 15) - 2(8 - 5) On putting x n = t Þ nx n - 1dx = dt (1)

= 1 (3) - 1(- 3) - 2(3) 1 1 1 æ1 1 ö
\ I= ò dt = ò ç - ÷ dt
= 3 + 3 - 6 = 0, n t (t + 1) n è t t + 1ø
1
which is a true statement. = [log t - log (t + 1)] + C
n
Reason |adj ( A)| =| A|n-1 is a true statement. 1 xn
= log n +C (1)
Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is n x +1
not the correct explanation of Assertion.
 Or \ a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c 2 = (7 ) (1) + (-5) (2 ) + (1) (3)
x2 + 1 = 7 - 10 + 3 = 0
Let I=ò 4 dx
x +1 Therefore, the given lines are perpendicular.
On dividing the numerator and denominator by x 2, we p
get Hence, the angle the between the given lines is .
1 2 (1)
1+ 2 p

I=ò x dx 26. Let I = ò log(1 + cos x ) dx ...(i)

1
x2 + 2 0
x p
1
1+ 2 Then, I = ò log [1 + cos (p - x ) ] dx
Þ I=ò x
2
dx 0
æ 1ö é a a
ù
çx - ÷ + 2
è xø ê ò
Q f ( x ) dx = ò f (a - x ) dx ú
(1) ë 0 0 û
1
Let x - =t p
x Þ I = ò log(1 - cos x ) dx ...(ii) (1)
æ 1ö
Þ ç1 + 2 ÷ dx = dt 0
è x ø
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
dt
\ I=ò 2 p

t + ( 2 )2 2 I = ò [log(1 + cos x ) + log(1 - cos x )] dx

0
1 æ t ö
= tan -1 ç ÷+C p
2 è 2ø Þ 2 I = ò log(1 - cos 2 x ) dx
æ x 2 - 1ö 0

1 ç ÷ [Q log a + log b = log ab]

= tan -1 ç x ÷+C p
2 ç 2 ÷ Þ 2 I = ò log sin 2 x dx
è ø 0
p
1 æ x 2 - 1ö
= tan -1 ç ÷+C Þ 2 I = 2 ò log sin x dx
2 è 2x ø (1) 0
® p
24. Given, vector a = i$ + $j + k$ 2
® Þ I = 2 ò log sin x dx …(iii)
Comparing with a = x i$ + yj$ + zk$, we get 0

, x = 1, y = 1, z = 1. é 2a f ( x )dx = 2 a f ( x )dx, if f (2 a - x ) = f ( x )ù
êë ò0 ò0 úû
The magnitude of given vector is
p/ 2
æp ö
®
| a | =| xi$ + yj$ + zk$ | = x 2 + y2 + z2 Þ I = 2ò log sin ç - x ÷ dx
0 è2 ø
= 12 + 12 + 12 = 3 (1) = 2ò
p/ 2
log cos x dx …(iv) (1)
0
® ®
Similarly, magnitude of b =| b| = |2 i$ - 7 $j - 3 k$| On adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
= 2 2 + (-7 )2 + (-3)2 p/ 2
2I = 2ò (log sin x + log cos x )dx
0
= 4 + 49 + 9 p/ 2
= 62 Þ I=ò log sin x cos x dx
0
® 1 $ 1 $ 1 $
and | c | = i + j - 2 sin x cos x
p/ 2
k =ò logdx
3 3 3 0 2
2 2 2 p/ 2 sin 2 x
æ 1 ö
= ç
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö = ò log dx
÷ +ç ÷ + ç- ÷ 0 2
è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø
p/ 2 p/ 2

1 1 1 Þ I=ò log sin 2 x dx - ò log 2 dx

= + + =1 0 0

3 3 3 (1) dt
Let 2 x = t Þ 2 dx = dt Þ dx =
25. The equations of the given lines are 2
p 1 p
x-5 y+2 z x y z \ I=ò log sin t dt - log 2
= = and = = . 0 2 2
7 -5 1 1 2 3 2 p/ 2 p
Direction ratios of the given lines are respectively Þ I=
2 ò0
log sin t dt - log 2
2
(7, - 5, 1 ) and (1, 2, 3). (1)
 Using Eq. (iii), we get x1
For x < 0, f ( x1 ) =
I p 1 - x1
Þ I = - log 2
2 2 x2
f ( x2 ) =
é p/ 2 log sin x dx = p/ 2 log sin t dt ù 1 - x2
ëê ò0 ò0 úû
I -p Putting f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ),
Þ = log 2 x1 x2
2 2 =
1 - x1 1 - x2
Þ I = - p loge 2 (1)
Þ x1 - x1 x2 = x2 - x1 x2 Þ x1 = x2
27. Q A = { x : x Î W, 0 £ x £ 12}
Hence, f is one-one. (1)
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
For Onto
R = {(a, b) :| a - b| is multiple of 4}
x
For any element a Î A, we have (a, a) Î R For x ³ 0, f( x) =
1+ x
as| a - a| = 0 is a multiple of 4.
Let f( x) = y
\ R is reflexive. x
y=
Now, let(a, b) Î R Þ| a - b|is a multiple of 4. (1) 1+ x
Þ | - (b - a)| Þ| b - a| is a multiple of 4 Þ y + xy = x
Þ (b, a) Î R Þ y = x - xy
\ R is symmetric. y
Þ x=
1- y
Let (a, b), (b, c ) Î R.
Þ| a - b| is a multiple of 4 and| b - c | is a multiple of 4 For y = 1, x is not defined.

Þ (a - b) is a multiple of 4 and (b - c ) is a multiple of 4. But here -1 < y < 1

Þ (a - c ) = (a - b) + (b - c ) is a multiple of 4. So, x is defined for all values of y. (1)

[as sum of multiples of 4 is also a multiple of 4] For x < 0,

x
Þ| a - c | is a multiple of 4 (1) f( x) =
1- x
Þ (a, c ) Î R
Let f ( x ) = y
\ R is transitive. x
Þ y=
Hence, R is an equivalence relation. 1- x
The set of elements related to 2 is {2, 6, 10} Þ y - xy = x
Q | 2 - 2 | = 0 is a multiple of 4 Þ y = x + xy
| 2 - 6| = 4 is a multiple of 4 y
Þ =x
1+ y
|2 - 10 | = 8 is a multiple of 4 (1)
For y = -1, x is not defined but here -1 < y < 1
Or
x So, x is defined for all values of y.
f( x) =
1 + | x| Hence, f is onto. (1)
ì x ì 1 - cos 4 x
ï , x³0 ï , when x < 0
So, f ( x ) = í 1 + x ïï x2
x Given, f ( x ) = í when x = 0
ï , x<0 28. a,
î 1- x ï x
For One-One ï , when x > 0
ïî 16 + x - 4
x
For x ³ 0, f ( x1 ) = 1
1 + x1 Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.
x2 \ ( LHL )x = 0 = ( RHL )x = 0 = f (0 ) …(i)
f ( x2 ) =
1 + x2 1 - cos 4 x
Now, ( LHL )x = 0 = lim- f ( x ) = lim-
Putting f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ), we get x®0 x®0 x2 (1)
x1 x2
= 1 - cos 4 (0 - h )
1 + x1 1 + x2 = lim
h® 0 (0 - h )2
Þ x1 + x1 x2 = x2 + x1 x2 Þ x1 = x2 [put x = 0 - h; when x ® 0 - , then h ® 0]
 1 - cos 4h f (1 + h ) - f (1)
= lim [Q cos (- q ) = cos q] = lim
h® 0 h2 h® 0 h
(1/2)
2(1 + h ) - 2(1) 2h
2 sin 2 2 h = lim = lim =2
= lim [Q 1 - cos 2 q = 2 sin 2 q] h® 0 h h® 0 h (1/2)
h® 0 h2
2 Q LHD at x = 1¹ RHD at x = 1
æ sin 2 h ö
= 2 lim ç ÷ ´4 \ f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 1.
h ® 0 è 2h ø
(1/2)
é sin x ù Hence, f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 1and -1.
= 2 ´ (1) ´ 42
Q lim =1
ëê x ® 0 x úû Hence proved. (1/2)
=8
29. Given curve is a parabola, y 2 = 4 x ...(i)
Now, from Eq. (i), we have
which is of the form of Y = 4aX having vertex (0, 0)
2
(LHL )x = 0 = f (0 ) Þ 8 = a [Q f (0 ) = a (given )]
and given line is x = 4. ...(ii)
\ a=8 (1)
Or Y A(4, 4)

Given, f ( x ) = | x + 1 | + | x - 1 |, "x Î R
The given function can be rewritten as x=4
(0, 0) O
C
ì - ( x + 1) - ( x - 1), x < -1 X′ X
ï
f ( x ) = í ( x + 1) - ( x - 1), -1 £ x < 1
ïî ( x + 1) + ( x - 1), x ³1
y2 = 4x
ì -2 x , x < -1 B(4, −4)
ï Y′
= í 2 , -1 £ x < 1
ïî 2 x , x ³1 (1/2) It is clear from the figure that, the region for which we
Differentiability at x = -1 have to find area is OBCAO. Also, the region OCAO is
symmetrical about X-axis. (1)
LHD at x = -1
Now, let us find the intersection point of curve and line.
f ( x ) - f (-1)
= lim - On putting the value of x from Eq. (ii) into Eq. (i), we get
x ® -1 x - (-1)
f ( x ) - f (-1) y 2 = 4 (4) = 16
= lim - Þ y=±4
x ® -1 x+1
f (-1 - h ) - f (-1) Thus, line and curve intersect at two points (4, 4) and
= lim
h® 0 -h (4, -4 ). So, coordinates of point A are (4, 4), as it is in
-2(-1 - h ) - 2 2 + 2h - 2 I quadrant. (1)
= lim = lim = -2
h® 0 -h h® 0 -h (1/2) Now, area of bounded region OACBO
RHD at x = -1 = 2 (Area of region OACO)
f ( x ) - f (-1) f (-1 + h ) - f (-1) [since, parabola is symmetrical about the X-axis]
= lim + = lim
x ® -1 x+1 ® 0 h 4

ò
h
=2 y ( parabola ) dx
2 -2 0 0
= lim = lim = 0
h® 0 h h® 0 h [Q y 2 = 4 x Þ y = 4 x = 2 × x1/ 2]
4 4
Q LHD at x = -1¹ RHD at x = 1. = 2 ò ( 2 × x1/ 2 ) dx = 4 ò x1/ 2dx
0 0
\ f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = -1. (1/2) 4
é x 3/ 2 ù 2 3/ 2 4
Differentiability at x = 1 = 4ê ú = 4× 3 [ x ] 0
ë 3 / 2 û0
LHD at x = 1
8
f (1 - h ) - f (1) = [(4)3/ 2 - 0 ]
= lim 3
h® 0 -h
8 8 64
2 - 2(1 ) 0 = ´ (2 2 )3/ 2 = ´ 8 = sq units
= lim = lim =0 3 3 3
h® 0 -h h ® 0 -h (1/2)
64
and RHD at x = 1 Hence, the required area is sq units.
3 (1)
 Or y2 - x2
Let F( x, y ) = ...(ii)
Given equation of circle is x + y = a , its centre is (0,
2 2 2 2 xy
0) and radius is a. It cuts the X-axis at A(a, 0 ) and Y-axis On replacing x by lx and y by ly in Eq. (ii), we get
at B (0, a). Also, it is symmetrical about X and Y-axes (ly )2 - (lx )2
both. F(lx, ly ) =
2 lx ly
Y
B(0, a) l2 ( y 2 - x 2 )
=
l2 2 xy
y x +y = a
2 2 2

X′ X = l0 F( x, y ) (1)
O dx A(a, 0)
Thus, F( x, y )is a homogeneous function of degree zero.
dy dv
On putting y = vx and =v+x into Eq. (i), we get
Y′ (1) dx dx
Clearly, area of region in I quadrant dv v 2 x 2 - x 2
v+ x =
a a dx 2 vx 2
= ò y dx = ò a2 - x 2 dx [consider vertical strip]
0 0
dv v 2 - 1 - v2 - 1
Þ x = -v=
[Q x + y = a Þ y = a - x , as y is in I quadrant]
2 2 2 2 2
dx 2v 2v
a
éx a2 xù dv - v 2 - 1
=ê a2 - x 2 + sin - 1 ú Þ x = ...(iii)
ë2 2 aû0 dx 2v
éæ a a2 ö ù a2 æ p ö pa2 From Eq. (iii), we get
= êç ´ 0 + sin - 1 1÷ - 0 ú = ç ÷=
ëè2 2 ø û 2 è2ø 4 2v 1
dv = - dx
1 + v2 x (1)
é pù
Q sin - 1 (1) =
êë 2 úû (1) On integrating both sides, we get
2v 1
Now, required area = 4 ´ Area of region in I quadrant ò 1 + v 2 dv = - ò x dx
pa2
= 4´
4 Þ log|(1 + v 2 )| = - log| x | + log| C|
= pa2 sq units éput 1 + v 2 = t Þ 2 v dv = dt ù
ê 2v 1 ú
[since, region is symmetrical in all quadrants] (1) ê\ ò dv = ò dt = log|t| = log|1 + v |ú
2

ë 1+ v 2
t û
30. We have, f ( x ) = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 8
Þ log| (1 + v 2 )| + log| x| = log|C|
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Þ log|(1 + v 2 ) x | = log| C |
f ¢ ( x ) = 3 x 2 - 12 x + 9
[Qlog m + log n = log mn]
On putting f ¢ ( x ) = 0, we get
Þ x (1 + v 2 ) = C
3 x 2 - 12 x + 9 = 0
Þ 3( x 2 - 4 x + 3) = 0 æ y2 ö é yù
Þ x ç1 + 2 ÷ = C Qv =
è x ø êë x úû
Þ 3( x - 1) ( x - 3) = 0 ...(i)(1)
Þ x = 1, 3 æ x2 + y2 ö
Þ xç ÷ = C Þ x + y = Cx,
2 2

These are the critical points. è x2 ø

Now, for values close to 1 and to the right of 1, f ¢ ( x ) < 0 which is the required solution. (1)
and for values close to 1 and to the left of 1, f ¢ ( x ) > 0.
32. Given, y = ( x ) + (sin x )
x x

\ x = 1is a point of local maxima. (1)

Let u = ( x )x and v = (sin x )x
For values close to 3 and to the right of 3, f ¢ ( x ) > 0
Then, given equation becomes, y = u + v
and for values close to 3 and to the left of 3, f ¢ ( x ) < 0.
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
\ x = 3 is a point of local minima. dy du dv
= + …(i) (1/2)
Hence, x = 1 is a point of local maxima and x = 3 is a dx dx dx
point of local minima for given function. (1) Consider, u = x x
31. Given differential equation is ( x 2 - y 2 ) dx + 2 xy dy = 0. On taking log both sides, we get

dy y - x 2 2 log u = log x x
Þ = ...(i)
dx 2 xy Þ log u = x log x [Q log mn = n log m] (1/2)
 On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get Now, post-multiplying both sides of Eq. (ii) by C -1, we
1 du d d get
= x× (log x ) + log x × ( x )
u dx dx dx ( AC )C -1 = B -1C -1
[by using product rule of derivative] Þ A(CC -1 ) = B -1C -1
1
du 1
Þ = x × + log x × 1 Þ A × I = B -1C -1 [Q CC -1 = I ]
u
dx x
Þ A = B -1C -1 ...(iii) (1)
1
du
Þ = 1 + log x Now, let us find B and C -1.
-1
u
dx
du 1 1 é 2 -1ù
Þ = u (1 + log x ) Clearly, B -1 = adj (B) = ê
dx | B| 1 ë-3 2 úû
du é é a bù é d -b ù ù
Þ = x x (1 + log x ) [ put u = x x ] …(ii) (1)
dx êQ adj êc d ú = ê-c a úû úû
ë ë û ë
Now consider, v = (sin x )x
é 2 -1 ù
On taking log both sides, we get =ê ú
log v = log (sin x )x ë-3 2 û
Þ log v = x log (sin x ) [Q log mn = n log m] (1) 1 1 é -3 -2 ù é 3 2 ù
and C -1 = adj (C ) = =
|C| -1 êë -5 -3úû êë 5 3úû (1)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 dv d d \ From Eq. (iii), we get
= x × log (sin x ) + log (sin x )× ( x )
v dx dx dx é 2 -1 ù é 3 2 ù
A=ê úê ú
[by using product rule of derivative] ë-3 2 û ë 5 3û
1 dv 1 d é 6- 5 4 - 3 ù é 1 1ù
Þ = x× × (sin x ) + log sin x =ê =
v dx sin x dx ë - 9 + 10 - 6 + 6úû êë1 0 úû (1)
1 dv 1 Or
Þ = x× × cos x + log sin x
v dx sin x é -1 -2 -2 ù
1 dv Given, A = ê 2 1 -2 ú
Þ = x cot x + log sin x ê ú
v dx êë 2 -2 1 úû
dv
Þ = v ( x cot x + log sin x ) Let Aij be the cofactor of an element aij of| A|.
dx
dv Then, cofactors of elements of| A| are
Þ = (sin x )x ( x cot x + log sin x ) …(iii) (1)
dx ½ 1 -2 ½
A11 = (-1 )1 + 1 ½ ½= 1 - 4 = – 3
[put v = (sin x )x ] ½ -2 1 ½
Now, from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get ½2 -2 ½
dy A12 = (-1 )1 + 2½ ½ = - (2 + 4) = - 6
= x x (1 + log x ) ½2 1 ½
dx
+ (sin x )x ( x cot x + log sin x ) (1) ½2 1 ½½
A13 = (-1 )1 + 3½ = -4-2 = -6
é2 1ù é -3 2 ù ½2 -2 ½
33. Let B = ê ú and C = ê 5 -3 ú , then the given
ë 3 2 û ë û ½ -2 -2 ½
A21 = (-1 )2 + 1 ½ ½ = - (-2 - 4 ) = 6
equation reduces to ½ -2 1 ½
BAC = I ...(i) ½ -1 -2 ½
2 1 A22 = (-1 )2 + 2 ½ ½= - 1 + 4 = 3
Now, as| B | = = 4- 3 = 1¹ 0 ½2 1½
3 2
½ -1 -2 ½
-3 2 A23 = (-1 )2 + 3½ ½ = - (2 + 4) = - 6
and |C| = = 9 - 10 = -1 ¹ 0 ½ 2 -2 ½
5 -3 (1) ½ -2 -2 ½
\ Both B -1 and C -1 exist. A31 = (-1 )3 + 1½ ½= 4 + 2 = 6
½ 1 -2 ½
Now, pre-multiplying both sides of Eq. (i) by B -1, we get
½ -1 -2 ½
B -1(BAC ) = B -1 × I [Q B -1I = B -1 ] A32 = (-1 )3 + 2½ ½ = - (2 + 4) = - 6
½ 2 -2 ½
Þ (B -1B)( AC ) = B -1
½ -1 -2 ½
Þ I( AC ) = B -1 [Q B -1B = I ] A33 = (-1 )3 + 3½ ½= - 1 + 4 = 3
Þ AC = B -1 ...(ii) (1) ½2 1½ (1½)
 Clearly, the adjoint of the matrix A is given by On putting (0, 0) in the inequality 2 x + y ³ 40, we get
é A11 A21 A31 ù é -3 6 6 ù 2(0 ) + 0 ³ 40
adj A = ê A12 A22 A32 ú = ê -6 3 -6ú Þ 0 ³ 40 [false]
ê ú ê ú
êë A13 A23 A33 úû êë -6 -6 3 úû (1) So, the half plane is away from the origin.
½-1 -2 -2 ½ Table for line x + 2 y = 50 is
Now, | A| = ½2 1 -2 ½
½ ½ x 0 50
½2 -2 1 ½
y 25 0
= - 1 (1 - 4 ) + 2 (2 + 4 ) - 2 (-4 - 2 )
= - 1(-3 ) + 2 (6) - 2 (-6 ) So, line x + 2 y = 50 passes through (0, 25) and (50, 0).
= 3 + 12 + 12 On putting (0, 0 ) in the inequality x + 2 y ³ 50, we get
= 27 (1½) 0 + 2(0 ) ³ 50
é -1 -2 -2 ù é -3 6 6ù Þ 0 ³ 50 [false]
and A×(adj A) = ê 2 1 -2 ú ê -6 3 -6ú
ê ú ê ú So, the half plane is away from the origin.
êë 2 -2 1 úû ëê -6 -6 3 úû
Table for line x + y = 35 is
é 3 + 12 + 12 -6 - 6 + 12 -6 + 12 - 6ù
x 0 35
= ê -6 - 6 + 12 12 + 3 + 12 12 - 6 - 6 ú
ê ú y 35 0
êë -6 + 12 - 6 12 - 6 - 6 12 + 12 + 3úû
So, line x + y = 35 passes through (0, 35) and (35, 0).
é27 0 0 ù
= ê 0 27 0 ú On putting (0, 0 ) in the inequality x + y ³ 35, we get
ê ú
êë 0 0 27 úû 0 + 0 ³ 35
Þ 0 ³ 35 [false] (1)
é 1 0 0ù
= 27 ê 0 1 0 ú So, the half plane is away from the origin. The points of
ê ú intersection of lines (i) and (ii), (ii) and (iii), (i) and (iii) are
êë 0 0 1úû
(10, 20), (20, 15) and (5, 30 ), respectively. The graphical
= 27 I3 = | A| I3 Hence proved. (1) representation of these lines is given below
Y
Remember that adjoint of a matrix is 50
Common the transpose of a matrix formed by
Mistake its cofactors. D(0, 40)
40

34. We have following LPP. 30 C(5, 30)

Minimise Z = 4 x + 3 y. 25 )
(0,
20 (10, 20)
Subject to the constraints B(20, 15)

200 x + 100 y ³ 4000 10

Þ 2 x + y ³ 40 [dividing both sides by 100]
A(50, 0)
x + 2 y ³ 50 X′
O 20 30 40 x 50
X
10 x+ +2
40 x + 40 y ³ 1400 y= y =5
2x

4x

Y′ 0
+

35
Þ x + y ³ 35
3y
y=

[dividing both sides by 40]

<
40

11

and x, y ³ 0 (1)
0

Consider the constraints as equations, we get The shaded region in the graph represents the feasible
region which is unbounded and its corner points are
2 x + y = 40 …(i)
A(50, 0 ), B(20, 15), C(5, 30 ) and D(0, 40 ).
x + 2 y = 50 …(ii)
Now, the value of Z at corner points are
x + y = 35 …(iii)
and x = 0, y = 0 …(iv) Corner points Z = 4 x + 3y
Table for line 2 x + y = 40 is A (50, 0 ) Z = 4 (50 ) + 3 (0 ) = 200
x 0 20 B (20, 15) Z = 4 (20 ) + 3 (15) = 125
y 40 0 C (5, 30 ) Z = 4 (5) + 3 (30 ) = 110 (Minimum)
D (0, 40 ) Z = 4 (0 ) + 3 (40 ) = 120
(1)
So, line 2 x + y = 40 passes through (0, 40) and (20, 0). (1)
From the table, minimum value of Z is 110 at C (5, 30 ) but Y
the feasible region is unbounded, therefore Z = 110 may 24
or may not be minimum value of Z. 22
20 C(0,20)
For this, we draw the graph of the inequality 4 x + 3 y < 110
18
and check whether the resulting half plane has points in 3x +2 y = 48
16
common with the feasible region or not. It can be seen
14
that the feasible region has no common point with B(8,12)
12
4 x + 3 y < 110, therefore the minimum value of Z is 110.
(1) 10
Or 8
6
Then, given LPP is x + y = 20
4
Maximise, Z = 22 x + 18 y ...(i) 2 A(16,0)
Subject to constraints, x + y £ 20 O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
X
360 x + 240 y £ 5760 or 3 x + 2 y £ 48 (0, 0)
(1)
x ³ 0, y ³ 0 (1) The corner points of the feasible region are O(0, 0 ),
Let us consider the inequalities as equations, we get A(16, 0 ), B(8, 12 ) and C(0, 20 ).
x + y = 20 …(ii) The values of Z at corner points are as follows
3 x + 2 y = 48 …(iii)
and x = 0, y = 0 …(iv) Corner points Z = 22 x + 18 y
Table for line x + y = 20 is O (0, 0 ) Z = 22 (0 ) + 18(0 ) = 0
x 0 20
A(16, 0 ) Z = 22 ´ 16 + 0 = 352
y 20 0
B(8, 12 ) Z = 22 ´ 8 + 18 ´ 12 = 392
So, it passes through the points (0, 20 ) and (20, 0 ). (Maximum)
On putting (0, 0 ) in the inequality x + y £ 20, we get
C(0, 20 ) Z = 22 ´ 0 + 18 ´ 20 = 360
0 + 0 £ 20 Þ 0 £ 20 [which is true]
So, the half plane is towards the origin. \Maximum value of Z is 392 which occurs at (8, 12). (1)
Table for line 3 x + 2 y = 48 is
35. Consider the lines
x 0 16 ®
y r = 3 i$ + 2 i$ - 4k$ + l(i$ + 2 $j + 2 k$ ) …(i)
24 0
®

(1) and r = 5 i$ - 2 $j + m(3 i$ + 2 $j + 6 k$ ) …(ii)

® ®
So, it passes through the points (0, 24) and (16, 0 ). Here, a1 = 3 i$ + 2 $j - 4k$, b1 = i$ + 2 $j + 2 k$
On putting (0, 0 ) in the inequality 3 x + 2 y £ 48, and
® ®
a 2 = 5 i$ - 2 $j , b 2 = 3 i$ + 2 $j + 6 k$
we get ® ®
\ a 2 - a1 = 5 i$ - 2 $j - 3i$ - 2 $j + 4 k$
0 £ 48 [which is true]
So, the half plane is towards the origin. = 2 i$ - 4 $j + 4k$
On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get i$ $j k$
® ®
x = 8 and y = 12. and b1 ´ b 2 = 1 2 2 = 8i$ - 4k$
So, the point of intersection of the lines (ii) and (iii) is 3 2 6
(1½)
(8, 12 ). Also, x ³ 0 and y ³ 0, so the feasible region lies in ® ® ® ®
Consider, ( a 2 - a1 )× ( b1 ´ b 2 ) = 16 - 16 = 0
the first quadrant. (1) ® ® ® ®
As, ( a 2 - a1 )× ( b1 ´ b 2 ) = 0
Now, on drawing all the inequalities on a graph paper and ® ®
we get the feasible region OABCO, which is bounded. Þ Lines are intersecting (coplanar and b1 ¹ b 2)
 General point on line (i) is Þ x 2 + 5 x - 50 = 0
®
r = (3 + l ) i$ + (2 + 2 l ) $j + (-4 + 2 l ) k$ …(iii) Þ ( x + 10 ) ( x - 5) = 0
(1/2) Þ x=5 [Q x > 0 \x + 10 ¹ 0]
General point on line (ii) is
®
\Hence, the area A is maximum at x = 5. (1)
r = (5 + 3 m ) i$ + (-2 + 2m ) $j + 6m k$ …(iv) Or
If Eqs. (iii) and (iv) represent same point We have, h = 100 - x 2
3 + l = 5 + 3m Þ l - 3m = 2 …(v)
Þ h = 100 - (5)2 [Q x = 5]
2 + 2 l = -2 + 2m Þ 2 l - 2m = -4 …(vi)
= 100 - 25
and - 4 + 2 l = 6m Þ 2 l - 6m = 4 …(vii) (1½)
= 75
On solving Eqs. (vi) and (vii), we get =5 3m (1)
l = -4, m = -2 and we have, A = (10 + x ) 100 - x 2
On putting the values of l and m in Eq. (v), we get
Now, A = (10 + 5) 100 - (5)2 [Q x = 5]
-4 + 6 = 2 [true]
Hence, for l = -4, m = -2, Eqs. (iii) and (iv) represent the \ A = 15 75 = 15 ´ 5 3
same point. Þ A = 75 3 m 2 (1)
®
Position vector of point of intersection is r = - i$ - 6 $j - 12 k$ 37. (i) Consider the following events
\ Point of intersection is (-1, - 6, - 12 ). (1½) E1 = Box I is choosen, E2 = Box II is choosen,
E3 = Box III is choosen
36. (i)
and A = The coin drawn is of gold
1
Clearly, P(E1 ) = P(E2 ) = P(E3 ) =
3
P( A / E1 ) = Probability of drawing a gold coin
from Box I
2
= =1
2
P( A| E2 ) = Probability of drawing a gold cain
from Box II
In DAPD,
=0
We have AP 2 + PD 2 = AD 2
P( A / E3 ) = Probability of drawing a gold coin
Þ x 2 + h 2 = (10 )2
from Box III
Þ x 2 + h 2 = 100 (1) 1
(ii) We have, x + h 2 = 100
2 =
2
Þ h = 100 - x 2 Now, probability of choosing one box = P(E1 ) = P(E2 )
Now, area of gate = Area of trapezium ABCD 1
= P(E3 )=
1 3
Þ A = ( AB + CD ) ´ DP and probability of getting gold coin from III box
2
1 æ Aö 1
= (10 + 2 x + 10 ) ´ 100 - x 2 = Pç ÷ =
2 è E3 ø 2 (1)
= (10 + x ) 100 - x 2 (1) (ii) Probability of choosing III box and getting gold coin

(iii) We have, A = (10 + x ) 100 - x 2 æ Aö 1 1 1

= P(E3 Ç A) = P(E3 ) P ç ÷ = ´ =
è E3 ø 3 2 6 (1)
dA x(10 + x )
Þ = 100 - x 2 - (iii) Required probability = P( A)
dx 100 - x 2 3
æ Aö
=
100 - 10 x - 2 x 2 = å P(E ) P çè E ÷ø
i=1
i
i
100 - x 2 (1) æ Aö æ Aö æ Aö
dA = P(E1 ) P ç ÷ + P(E2 ) P ç ÷ + P(E3 ) P ç ÷
For maxima, put =0 è E1 ø è E2 ø è E3 ø
dx
1 1 1 1
100 - 10 x - 2 x 2 = ´ 1+ ´ 0 + ´
Þ =0 3 3 3 2
100 - x 2 1 1 2+1 1
= +0+ = =
Þ 100 - 10 x - 2 x 2 = 0 3 6 6 2 (2)
 Or We know that
Required probability SP( X ) = 1
Probability that the other coin in the box is of gold Þ k + 2 k + 3k = 1
= Probability that gold coin is drawn from the box I Þ 6k = 1
1
= P(E1 / A) Þ k=
6 (1)
P(E1 ) P( A / E1 ) 1 1
= Now, P( X = 2 ) = 3k = 3 ´ =
P(E1 ) P( A / E1 ) + P(E2 ) P( A / E2 ) + P(E3 ) P( A / E3 ) 6 2
1
´1 and P( X > 2 ) = 0 (1)
3 2 (ii) P( X < 2 ) = P( X = 0 ) + P( X = 1)
= =
1 1 1 1 3 = k + 2k
´ 1+ ´ 0 + ´
3 3 3 2 (2) 1 1
= 3k = 3 ´ =
38. (i) The probability distribution of X is 6 2 (1)
and P(0 < X < 2 ) = P( X = 1)
X 0 1 2 1 1
P( X )
= 2k = 2 ´ =
k 2k 3k 6 3 (1)