MATHEMATICS10-QUARTER2-WEEK5

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Mathematics 10 Quarter 2 Week 5

TANGENTS AND SECANTS OF CIRCLES

Learning Competency
The learner illustrates secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle. (M10GE-lle-1)

Objective
The learner illustrates secants, tangents, segments, and sector of a circle.

Let’s Recall
Identify the following.
1. A segment with endpoints on a circle.
2. A segment from the center to a point on a circle.
3. A chord that passes through the center of a circle.
4. An arc less than a semicircle.
5. An angle with vertex at the center of a circle.
A
Let’s Understand
In circle P, ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 is a chord
line BD is a secant D P
line EB is a tangent C
● B is the point of tangency
E B

REMEMBER: A secant is a line that intersects the circle at two distinct points. It contains a chord.
A tangent is a line that intersects the circle at exactly one point called the point of
tangency.

Sector and Segment of a Circle

• A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and two radii to the endpoints
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
of the arc. To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of the ratio and
360
the area of the circle.
𝒂
Area of a Sector = ( 𝟑𝟔𝟎) (𝝅r2) where a = measure of the arc
Example: The radius of circle C is 12 cm. If m AB =60, what is the area of sector ACB?
60
Solution: Area of a Sector = ( 360) (𝜋)(12)2
1
Area of a Sector = ( ) (𝜋) (144) cm2
6
Area of a sector = 24 𝜋 cm2 or
Area of a Sector = 24(3.14) cm2
Area of a Sector = 75.36 cm2

• A segment of a Circle is the region bounded by an arc and the segment

joining its endpoints.
In the figure, the shaded region is the segment of circle T. T
It is the region bounded by PQ and PT.
To find the area of the shaded segment in the figure, subtract the area of
∆PTQ from the area of sector PTQ.

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 MATHEMATICS10-QUARTER2-WEEK5
Example: If m PQ = 90 and the radius of the circle is 5 cm. Find the area of the shaded region.
1
Area of Sector PTQ = (4) (5) cm2 1
25
In the same figure, the area of ∆ PTQ = 2 (25) cm2
2
Area of Sector PTQ = 𝜋 cm 25 25
4
Area of the shaded region = ( 4 ) (3.14) - cm2
2
Area of the shaded region = 19.63 – 12.5 = 7.13 cm2

𝑎 𝑙
• Arc Length can be determined by using the proportion ( 360) = ( 2𝜋𝑟 )
Example: An arc of a circle measures 45°. If the radius of the circle is 6cm, what is the length of the
arc?
𝑎 𝑙 1 𝑙 12𝜋
Solution: (360) = (2𝜋𝑟) (8) = 12𝜋 𝑙 = 𝑙 = 4.71 cm
8
45 𝑙 12(3.14)
= 2(6)𝜋 8𝑙 = 12𝜋 𝑙=
360 8
A
Let’s Apply E
A. Use the figure to name and identify the following. B
1. a diameter 6. 2 points of tangency C
2. 4 radii 7. 2 central angle P
3. a chord 8. an inscribed angle
4. a secant 9. 2 minor arcs D
5. 2 tangent line 10. the center of the circle

Let’s Analyze
A. The radius of the circle at the right is 10cm. Find the length of each of the following arcs given
the degree measure.
1. m PV = 45, length of PV = _______________
2. m PQ = 60, length of PQ = _______________
3. m QR = 30, length of QR =_______________
B. Refer to the diagram on the right in naming the following.
1. Two circles
2. Two secants T
3. A tangent common to both circles
4. A chord of the smaller circle S
5. A diameter of a smaller circle
6. A tangent only to smaller circle
R O A
7. A secant to the smaller circle
8. Two chords of bigger circle U
9. A point of tangency of both circles
10. Two congruent triangles
W
Let’s Evaluate
A. Illustrate and label the following in the given circle. Make your illustration
neat and clean.
1. point O, the center of the circle 6. tangent line AD
2. radius OB 7. point of tangency A
3. diameter AB 8. central angle COB
4. chord AC 9. inscribed angle CAB
5. secant line EB 10. semicircle ACB P Q
V
B. The radius of a circle given is 9cm. Find the length of each of the
S R
following arcs given the degree measure.
1. m RTS = 120; length of RTS =________
2. m QRT=90; length of QRT=________ T

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 MATHEMATICS10-QUARTER2-WEEK5
PROVING THEOREMS RELATED to SECANTS, TANGENTS and SEGMENTS

Learning Competency
The learner proves theorems related to secants, tangents and segments. (M10GE-lle-f-1)

Objective
The learner proves and applies theorems in secants, tangents and segments.

Let’s Recall
Use the figure at the right. Tell whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.
1. Point S is a point on a circle
2. CD contains chord CD A
3. SB is congruent to SC
E
4. line AB is a secant B
5. arc BEC is a semicircle C
6. line AC is a tangent
7. ∠BAC is a central angle S
8. Line DC intersects the circle at two points
9. Point A is a point of tangency
10. ED is twice SD
D
Let’s Understand
REMEMBER: Tangent to a Circle
• A line in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle at exactly one point is called tangent
line. The point of intersection is called the point of tangency.
Theorems on Secants, Tangents and Segments
A. Theorems on Tangent Lines
1. Tangent Line Theorem: If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius at
its outer endpoint.
⃡ is tangent circle O at B. If 𝑂𝐵
Example: 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ = 6cm and 𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅ = 8 cm, how far is point A from the center?
Solution: Applying the Pythagorean Theorem
AO = √𝐵𝑂2 + 𝐴𝐵2 AO = √100 O
√62
AO = 82+ AO = 10 cm
AO = √36 + 64
B A
• Connecting the center pt. O to pt. A forming a right triangle, then 𝑂𝐵̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐴𝐵
⃡
2. Tangent – Segment Theorem: If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external
point then,
a. the two tangent segments are congruent and
b. the angles between the tangent segments and the line joining the external point to the
center of the circle are congruent. T
Given: 𝑂𝑇 and ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑈 are tangent segments to circle C.
Prove: a. OT ≅ OU C O
b. ∠TOC ≅ ∠UOC
Proof: U
Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑇 and ̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑈 are tangent segments to circle C 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐶𝑇
2. 𝑂𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑂𝑈
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐶𝑈
̅̅̅̅ 2. Tangent Line Theorem
3. ∠OTC and ∠OUC are right angles 3. Definition of perpendicularity
4. ∆OTC and ∆OUC 4. Definition of a right triangle
̅̅̅̅
5. 𝑇𝐶 ≅ 𝑈𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 5. Radii in a circle are congruent
6. Draw 𝐶𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ 6. The Line Postulate

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̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝑂
7. 𝐶𝑂 ̅̅̅̅ 7. Reflexive Property
8. ∆OTC ≅ ∆OUC 8. Hy-L Theorem
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝑈
9. 𝑂𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ 9. CPCTC
10. ∠TOC ≅ ∠UOC 10. CPCTC

B. Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Segments

1. Inscribed Angle Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by a tangent and a secant
drawn at the point of contact is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
Given: circle O with ⃡𝐵𝐶 as tangent and intersecting secant ⃡𝐴𝐵 at point B. D
1
Prove: m∠ABC = 2 m AB
A
Proof was given on the previous lesson. O

B C
2. Intersecting Secants – Exterior Theorem
• The measure of an angle formed by two secants that intersect in the exterior of a circle is one-
half the difference of its intercepted arcs.
B D A
Given: circle O with secants 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶
1
Prove: m∠A = 2 (m BC – m DE) O
E
Proof: By construction connect B and E. In ∆BEA, ∠3 is an
exterior angle. C
We can say that ∠3 = ∠2 + ∠A and ∠A = ∠3 - ∠2.
1 1
∠3 = m BC and ∠2 = m DE (Inscribed Angle Theorem)
2 2
1 1
By substitution, ∠A = ∠3 - ∠2 = 2 m BC - 2 m DE.
1
Therefore, m∠A = 2 m(BC – DE)
3. Intersecting Secants – Interior Theorem
• The measure of an angle formed by two secants intersecting in the interior of the circle is equal
to one–half the sum of the measures of its intercepted arcs. C A
⃡ intersects 𝐶𝐷
Given: 𝐴𝐵 ⃡ at P.
1
Prove: m∠DPB = 2 (m BD + m AC)
P
Proof:
Statements Reasons
B D
1. ⃡𝐴𝐵 intersects 𝐶𝐷
⃡ at P 1. Given
2. Draw 𝐴𝐷 2. The Line Postulate
3. m∠DPB = m∠DAB + m∠ADC 3. The Exterior Angle Theorem
1 4. The Inscribed Angle Theorem
4. m∠DAB = m BD
2
1 5. The Inscribed Angle Theorem
5. m∠ADC = 2 m AC
1 1 6. Addition Property of Equality
6. m∠DAB + m∠ADC = 2m BD + 2m AC
1 7. Distributive Property of Equality
7. m∠DAB + m∠ADC = (m BD + m AC)
2
1 8. Transitive Property of Equality
8. m∠DPB = 2 (m BD + m AC)

C. Power Theorems
1. The Intersecting Segments of Chord Power Theorem (Two Chord Power Theorem)
• If two chords intersect in the interior of the circle, then the product of the lengths of the segments
of one chord is equal to the product of the lengths of the segments of the other chord.
B
Given: chords AB and CD intersect at K
Prove: AK ● BK = CK ● DK C K
Proof:
Statements Reasons
A D
1. AB and CD intersect at K 1. Given

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2. Draw AD and BC 2. The Line Postulate

3. ∠A ≅ ∠C and ∠B ≅ ∠D 3. Angles inscribed in the same arc are ≅.
4. ∆ AKD ~ ∆ CKB 4. The AA Similarity Theorem
𝐴𝐾 𝐷𝐾 5. In similar triangles, corresponding sides are proportional.
5. = 𝐵𝐾
𝐶𝐾
6. AK ● BK = CK ● DK 6. Multiplication Property of Equality
2. The Segments of Secants Power Theorem (The Two Secant Power Theorem)
• If two secants intersect in the exterior of the circle, the product of the length of one secant and
the length of its external part is equal to the product of the length of the other secant and the
length of its external part.
S
Given: lines SQ and NQ are secants
R Q
Prove: QS ● QR = QM ● QN
Proof: Join SM and RN. In ∆ NQR, ∠1 ≅ ∠2
M
Being inscribed angles both intercepting
RM and ∠Q ≅ ∠Q, since ∆SMQ ~ ∆NRQ by AA. N
𝑄𝑅 𝑄𝑁
By property of similar triangles, = .
𝑄𝑀 𝑄𝑆
By cross multiplication gives, QR ● QS = QM ● QN
3. The Tangent Secant Segments Power Theorem
• If a tangent segment and a secant intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the square of the
length of the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and
its external part. A
Given: PQ is a tangent segment and B
AQ is a secant segment Q
Prove: PQ2 = AQ ● BQ
Proof: P
Statements Reasons
1. PQ and AQ are tangent and secant segments 1. Given respectively.
2. Draw AP and BP 2. The Line Postulate
3. ∠Q ≅ ∠Q 3. Reflexive Property
4. ∠A ≅ ∠BPQ 4. Angles inscribed in the same arc are ≅ .
5. ∆BPQ ~ ∆PAQ 5. The AA Similarity Theorem
𝑃𝑄 𝐵𝑄 6. In similar ∆s, corresponding sides are
6. 𝐴𝑄 = 𝑃𝑄
proportional.
7. PQ2 = AQ ● BQ 7. Multiplication Property of Equality

Let’s Apply
A. Find the indicated measures orally.
1. 74° 2. 3.

1
126° 50° 2 R
106°
30°

m∠1 = _____ m∠2 = _____ S T

m∠RTS = _____
B. Solve for the indicated variable.
1. 2.
A
A X D 6
6 B
B 3
C E 8 C
y
x = _____ D y = _____

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Let’s Analyze
Write a complete proof of each. A A
1. Given: Chords AB and CD intersect at E. C
E
Prove: AE ● EB = CE ● ED E
D C
2. Given: EA is a tangent segment B D
ED is a secant segment
Prove: EA2 = EC ● ED
D G
3. Given: circle S with chords DE and FG intersecting at H. S
Prove that the measure of ∠GHE is half the sum of the H
measures of arc DF and arc GE. F
E
Let’s Generalize
Briefly state the following theorems on secants, tangents and segments
1. Tangent Line Theorem 2. Tangent Segment Theorem
3. Inscribed Angle Theorem 4. Intersecting Secants–Exterior Theorem
5. Intersecting Secants – Interior Theorem 6. Two Chord Power Theorem
7. Two Secant Power Theorem 8. Tangent – Secant Power Theorem

Let’s Try
A. Match each figure with the formula below.
1 1 1
A. m∠1 = 2( m – n) B. m∠1 = 2 (n – m) C. m∠1 = 2 m
1
D. m∠1 = 2 ( m + n ) E. AC2 = AD ● AB F. AE ● BE = CE ●DE
G. AE ● AB = AD ● AC

1. 2. 3. 4.
m
1
1 n m n n m
1 m 1
n
5. A D 6. E 7. D
B
E A B
C C
D A
B C
B. Show the proof of the following.
1. Given: ∠ABC is inscribed in circle O and AB contains O. A P
1 C M
Prove: m∠ABC = 2 m AC
O O
R N
2. Given: Chords MN and PR intersect at O.
B
Prove: MO ● NO = RO ● PO

A
3. Given: AC and EC are secants.
1
B
Prove: m∠C = 2 ( m AE – m BD ) C
D
E