21st Century

Literary Genres
 21st Century Literature

Refers to new literary Written by contemporary

work created within authors which may
the last decade. deal with current
themes/ issues and
It often breaks reflects a
traditional writing technological culture.
rules.
 21st Century Reader

Grew up using Possesses literacy skills, which

technology as a include technological abilities
such as keyboarding, internet
primary learning
navigation, interpretation of
tool. Capable of technological speak, ability to
navigating and communicate and interpret
interpreting digital coded language and decipher
formats and media graphics.
messages.
 Look for the conventional literary genres
(Poetry, Drama, Fiction, Nonfiction) in the
puzzle in the next slide and answer the
questions that follow.
EXPERIÊ
01
NCIA
Aqui você pode inserir uma
legenda sobre o tópico
1. What are the four conventional literary
genres have you found in the puzzle?

2. What are their unique features?

Let’s recall the
major literary
genres!
 POETRY
Imaginative awareness of experience
expressed through meaning, sound Nearly impossible
and rhythmic language choices to to define
evoke an emotional response

Employ meter and rhyme

 DRAMA
Composition in prose or verse
presenting in dialogue or pantomime
a story involving conflict more
contrast of character, especially on
intended to be acted on a stage: a
play.
 DRAMA

It may be any situation or

series of events having vivid,
emotional, conflicting or
striking interest.
 FICTION
Created from the imagination, not
presented as fact, though it may
be based on a true story or
situation.

Include novel, short story and

novella.
 NON-FICTION
Based on facts and the author’s
opinion about a subject.

Purpose: to inform and sometimes

to persuade
Examples: biographies, articles from
textbooks and magazines and
newspapers.
 21st Century
Literature Genres
 ILLUSTRATED
NOVEL
• Story through text and
illustrated images
• 50% of the narrative is
presented without words
• Reader must interpret the
images to comprehend the
story completely.
 ILLUSTRATED
NOVEL
• Some illustrated novels may
contain no text at all.

• Examples include The

Invention of Hugo Cabret by
Brian Selznick and The Arrival
by Shaun Tan.
 DIGI-FICTION

Combines three media: book,

movie/video and internet
website
 DIGI-FICTION
To get the full story, students
must engage in navigation,
reading, and viewing in all
three forms.

Patrick Carman’s Skeleton Creek

and Anthony Zuiker’s Level 26
are examples.
 GRAPHIC NOVEL
Narrative in comic book
formats.

Example:
Archie Comics by John
Goldwater
 Illustrated Literature
Web cartoons, or simply webtoons, are an animated
cartoon or a series of comic strips published on the
Web (English Oxford Dictionary). It is also known as
Manhwa, a Korean term to characterize Korean
comics, print cartoons, and sometimes animated
cartoons. It is thought to have originated from Japan’s
manga, or comics, since Korea has been heavily
influenced by Japan.
 MANGA
Japanese word for comics

Used in the English-speaking

world as a generic term for all
comic books and graphic
novels originally published in
Japan.
 MANGA

Ameri-manga- sometimes used to

refer to comics created by
American artists in manga style.
 MANGA
Ex: Shonen- Boy’s Manga (Naruto,
Bleach, One Piece), Shojo- Girl’s
Manga (Sailormoon), Seinen- Men’s
Manga (Akira), Josei- Women’s
Manga (Loveless, Paradise Kiss),
Kodomo- Children’s Manga
(Doraemon, Hello Kitty)
 DOODLE FICTION

Author incorporates doodle

writing, drawings and
handwritten graphics in place of
the traditional font.
 DOODLE FICTION

Examples include The Diary of a

Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney and
Timmy Failure by Stephan
Pastis.
 TEXT-TALK NOVELS

Blogs, email and IM format

narratives

Stories told almost entirely in

dialogue simulating social
network exchanges.
 CHICK LIT or CHICK
LITERATURE
Addresses issues of modern
womanhood, often humorously
and lightheartedly.

Ex: Scarlet Bailey’s The night before

Christmas and Miranda Dickinson’s It
started with a Kiss are examples of
this.
 FLASH FICTION
a style of fictional literature of
extreme brevity

No widely accepted definition of

the length and category. It
could range from word to a
thousand.
Shorter forms of flash fiction

1. Micro fiction is a story under 250

words. This kind of story tends to start in
the second act of the story to focus more on
the climax and often has a surprise ending.
 Contagious Laughter

Jacob’s contagious laughter spilled throughout the room like daylight creeping
through curtains in a sunny afternoon. He told his latest adventure to his friends.
It was only during Saturdays when he could relax and get together with the other
workers in the factory.

“I envy you, Jacob,”one of the men told him. “You are lucky, nailing that pretty
brunette, Agnes!”

Jacob let out another boisterous laugh and winked in agreement at the man.
 Contagious Laughter

When he reached home, his patient wife was fanning his daughter relentlessly
because their electricity was cut off. He merely smiled then sat at the opposite
sofa and immediately fell asleep.

His wife then walked towards him and wiped the sweat on his forehead. "Thank you,
Agnes,” he slurred.

Anne looked blankly at her husband’s sleeping face. Not knowing what she felt, but
immediately tasted salt from her lips.
 Sacred Stone
Daniel knew about the folklore. His lolo was one of the oldest and richest men in the
barrio. He heard that people like Lolo Puling will never rest until he passed his
sacred stone to one of his descendants.

It was him.

He entered the room smelling jasmine and incense. His lolo’s face was peaceful. “My
dear apo, give me your hand,” the ancient man said. Daniel reached out and held
his lolo’s strong hands. He remembered being carried by the old man when he
was younger.
 Sacred Stone
With a deep breath, “I leave you everything,” he said.

Their eyes locked as if speaking with one another to eternity. Then the glow
in the old man’s eyes disappeared, then he slept.

Daniel withdrew his hand from Lolo Puling and and noticed a blue jewel as if
engraved in his palm.
Shorter forms of flash fiction

2. Six-Word Stories have no exact

beginning middle, or end, but tell an
entire story in only six words.
 SIX-WORD FLASH
FICTION

Ernest Hemingway: For sale: baby

socks, never worn.

Margaret Atwood: Longed for

him. Got him, Shit.
 CREATIVE NON-FICTION

Uses literary styles and

techniques to create factually
accurate narratives.

Ex: 1000 Gifts by Ann Voscamp and Wind,

Sand, and Stars by Antoine de Saint-
Exupery are examples.
 SCIENCE FICTION
Speculative fiction dealing with
imaginative concepts such as
futuristic science and
technology, space travel, time
travel, faster than light travel, a
parallel universe and extra-
terrestrial life.
 SCIENCE FICTION
Often explores the potential
consequences of scientific and
other innovations and has been
called a “literature of ideas”.

Examples include Suzanne Collins’

Mockingjay and Sarah Maas’
Kingdom of Ash.
 Types of Science Fiction
Hard Sci-fi
● They are based on scientific facts and

inspired by “hard” natural sciences like

physics, chemistry, and astronomy.
 Types of Science Fiction
Soft Sci-fi
They can either be “not scientifically accurate”
or “they’re inspired by ‘soft’ sciences like
psychology, anthropology, and sociology”
(Gunner, n.d.)
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
FANTASY FICTION
•Scifi stories inspired by mythology and
folklore that often include elements of magic
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
FANTASY FICTION
•Scifi stories inspired by mythology and
folklore that often include elements of magic
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
SUPERNATURAL FICTION
•About secret knowledge or hidden abilities
(e.g. witchcraft, spiritualism and psychic
abilities)
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
UTOPIAN FICTION
•About civilizations the authors deem to be
perfect, ideal societies. Often satirical
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
DYSTOPIAN FICTION
•About societies the authors deem to be
problematic for things like government
rules, poverty, or oppression
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
SPACE OPERA
•A play on the term "soap opera,“ scifi stories
that take place in outer space and center
around conflict, romance, and adventure.
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
SPACE WESTERN
•Sci-fi stories that blend elements of science
fiction with elements of the western genre
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
CYBERPUNK
•Sci-fi stories that juxtapose advanced
technology with less advanced, broken down
society.
Sub-genres of Science Fiction
STEAMPUNK
•Sci-fi stories that blend technology with
steam-powered machinery.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
1. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne:
features underwater exploration and a technologically
advanced submarine – two things that were primitive
at the time the novel was written.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
2. The War of the Worlds by HG Wells: tells the
story of Martians invading Earth and includes themes
of space, science, and astronomy.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
3. Who Goes There? by John Campbell tells the
story of an alien creature that’s a shapeshifter and has
the gift of telepathy.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
4. 1984 by George Orwell: set in a dystopian version
of the year 1984 where the world has succumbed to
extreme levels of government interference in daily
lives.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
5. 2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur Clarke: tells the
story of ancient aliens who travel the galaxy and help
develop intelligent life forms in other worlds.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
6. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood tells
the story of the women who lose their rights after a
totalitarian state overthrows the US government.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
7. Star Wars by George Lucas
8. The Matrix is a Sci-Fi action film that tells the story
of a world where human existence is completely
controlled, and life on Earth is only a simulation
occurring in our minds. Here, the protagonist, Neo, is
presented with the information that his life is all an
illusion, and it is almost more than his mind can
handle. Eventually, he is given the choice of whether to
continue to live in the Matrix, or to live and try to save
mankind – a task that is almost impossible, and at
times terrifying.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
9. Wall-E was produced by Pixar film which features
the last robot on earth named Wall-E (Waste
Allocation Load Lifter – Earth Class). He was
programmed to clean up the planet but fell in love
with a probe robot named, Eve. This story appealed to
both kids and adults, especially theenvironmentalists.
 Selected Stories from Class
Literature to Pop Culture
10.Interstellar is a film about exploring alternative human
habitat on another galaxy. Critics acclaim the creators of
this movie to be genius for being able to produce a state-
of-the-art Sci-Fi landscape. However, it has an injected
mythical side because of the presence of a “ghost” which
was a magnetic field that impossibly brought back some
events and people to life.
 BLOG

A weblog, a website containing

short articles called posts that
are changed regularly.
 BLOG

Some blogs are written by one

person containing his or her
own opinions, interests and
experiences, while others are
written by different people.
 HYPERTEXT POETRY

Also known as cyberpoetry, it consists of words,

although not necessarily organized in lines and
stanzas, as well as sounds, visual images, movements
or other special effects.
 HYPERTEXT POETRY
Examples
Older and Far Away by Dana Henriksen
https://msu.edu/~henrikse/cep909/poems/olderfar
away.htm

My Body by Shelley Jackson

http://www.altx.com/thebody/
 HYPERTEXT FICTION
is a collective effort between reader and writer, where
the writer provides interlaced web pages of text and
the reader decides what order to
read the pages. In some hypertext works, readers can
even add their own work to
the fiction and change the plot.
 HYPERTEXT FICTION
Example:
24 hours with someone you know by Philippa
Burne
http://www.glasswings.com.au/modern/24hours/
After learning about different
conventional and modern genres of
literature, you are now ready to
explore more about these concepts
by answering the activities that
follow.
Analyze the content of the text
in the next slide and identify its
literary genre.
Compare and contrast these modern
literary genres using the Venn
Write the similarities and differences
of the Doodle Fiction, Manga and
Graphic Novel using the Compare
and Contrast Graphic Organizer.
Thank you for your attention!