.

,
•• •• -- · ·- --· ···· - ..... V

Cellular Networks S-2 Solved Unlver1/ly ~!fe.s«en. ~ape~,

b) Derive an express(on to 11/ell;Sure required transmitt~d power· at

[ JUNE - 2022 [5870) - 1069' . Ill Solved Paper I station. with link budget expression. (Refer Q.1 of :Qtapter·- 4) (81

1·
OR
!course2019l Q.4 a) Each side of hexagon cell is A cellular systenJ has
Time : 2 ½Hours] [Maximum Marks .: 7~ .·: l'
·1 N "' 48 channels I cell with blocking probabr1ity of o.iJ?, Further, traffic !
·\i. ~-. per user is 0.04E. the cell radius is 1 -km. With neat diagram, Calculate· r
', :
Instructions to the candidates : no. of users ,supported in a area of 900 km2 ;- Total .'traffit is:.3s:.~E-.. " "' . . : I
1) Answer any 4 ·questions from· Q.i or Q.2, Q,3 or Q.4, Q.S or Q.6, . (Refer Q.15 of Chapter - 3) · · [91 ·
[

l
Q.7 or Q.8.
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn . wherever necessary. b) Define and explain :

3) Figures to the right side Indicate full marks.

i) Grade of service .
ii) Offer-red traffic
4) Assume suitable· data, if necessary.
iii) Delay system ·· (',·
Q.1 . a) With neat diagram, describe co~channel and adjacent channel ' [8]
iv) Loss system. (Refer Q.10 of Chapter - 4)
inte,ference in cellular network. (Refer Q .11 of Chapter - 3) [8]
Q,5 a) Describe with neat diagram ·.: wireless LAN. . Compare
b) Draw and explai_n following hand-off mechanism
Infrastructure and Adhoc based· wireless LAN,
i) Mobile c:ontroll~d hand-off . [9l
(Refer Q.11 of Chapter - 5)
ii) Network controlled hand-off (Refer Q.9 of Chapter - 3) [9]
OR ' b) Draw and explain radio protocol -·· architecture for ·LTE '-
Q.2 . a) Discuss the path-loss exponent effect on frequency reuse for a advanced system. (Refer Q.9 of Chapter - 5) [9] ·
OR .
cellular system with total 500 duplex voice channel without frequency ·
reuse. The service area is divided into 152 cells. The required signal to Q.6 a) Draw and explain in detail LTE r1.rchitecture.
(Refer Q.5 of Chapter - 5) [91
co-channel interference ratio is 17 dB. Considering path loss exponent is
3 to calculate ·: b) Compare 3G and 4G with respect to following:
i) Cell cluster size i) Data rate supported
iii No. of cell clllster in the service area ii) Modulation technique
iii) Maximum no of users in service at any instant. iii) Frequency band
(Insufficient Data) [91 iv) Technology used (Refer Q.7 of Chapter - 5) [9]

b) Explain the following terms with diagram :

Q.7 a) With . neat diagram, use of rzetwork co4i,:ig for content . .
i) Macro cell ii) Micro ·cell iii) Pico cell iv) Femto cell.
distribution in a multi-hop network. (Refer Q.1 of ,_.C hapter - .- 6) · [9]
(Refer Q.16 and Q.17 Chapter - 3) (SJ
b) Classify schedulers and explain in brief
Q.3 a) Define blocking probability. With neat · diagram and
i) Weighted round robin scheduling ii) Weighted/air queuing.·
assumptions, explain teletraffic system model. . [9]
(Refer Q.12 of Chapter - 4)
(Refer Q.11 of Chapter - 4) [9]

'A a~ide/tir Engineering s_i~d_ents

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Ce!lli~ar iyetworks
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Solved Univualty Quutlon Papua Cellular Networks S - -I SolHII U,alHnlly a,,,.,Jo11 Pupu,
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It
Q;_S Explain following terms· w_it~ reference to scheduler design :
a) ·:,~• subacrlbon in TOMA aohemo with a ~ o duration of 4.615 ma. Radio
~- tranaml11lo111 on both forward and rovme link are at channel data
g i) Classifier•ii) Channel quality. (Refer Q.s of Chapt~ - 6) . [81 rate of 270.833 kbps, \ISing ·BT • 0,3 OMSK modulation.. 'I'bltefore,
i I •. , , i·

· b) List · various . Desig,:i forces -for link. adaptation schemes at

. . . . • ,

signalling bit period • 3.692 µs and effective channol tnmsmiuioa rate

t phy~ical an,t MAC foyers •. Q.:. of Chap~~ 6) llOl per user is 33.854 kbps. But user data is sent at a maximum - ·:;1f
i;; 24.7 kbps because of GSM overload. · . .. · · . ·. · .. · ·· ·
• Every Timo Slot (TS) has 41S6.2S bits, out of which 8.2S bi1B .1h 1.11.a
. -:.11.r.

. . .
DECEMBER·- 2022.'CS926J -111
:sij ,·.
.. .

.. Sol_yed Pape~ "'2:i for guard time and 6 bits arc used for start and stop bits to prevent
i. . [course 2012]
overlap with adjacent time slots: Each time slot bas d~on of
S~6.92µs.·
~- :,· ',,..
ru·
~:
· .Tim.e.: 2 ½ Hours) . · lMaximum Marks : 70 The GSM air interface specifications are summarized as under.
f. Instructu,,is fa the candidates : 1. FC?rward channel frequency: 935 - 960 MHz
·J
jl
,t ·J.i ~nswer ilny .4
··a .1 or-Q.&
tJIIGtlo~ fron,
· · · .. •
or · (l.2, Q.3 or Q,4, Q.S or
·· ·· . · · · .
gJ Q,6, 2. Reverse channel frequency : 890 - 91S MHz
. 3. Forward and reverse channel bandwidth •: 2S MHz
2) lY«iMllagr.,,;s_,,,.IISt be drawn whel'ffer -necasa,..,,. ·. 4. ARFCN : 0 to 124 and 975 to 1023
.·
3) Figures 'It, the ri~ht side Indicate full marks. S. Tx IR,c &equency spacing : 45 MHz .
1 4)'-·Assume ~ultahle. data, If necusa,..,,. .· ·
I' 6. Tx IRx Time slot spacing : 3 Time ilote.;i j .
s: -5) U.r4 <>f C#lclllatoM la allowed. 7. · Frame 7·Burst period: 4.615 ms · · jl:.
t
t.
Q;l .
system.
a)'
~er Explain the concept of :frequency reuse . in mobile cellular
of
Chapter • 3)
3 57_ . 20
. i•'•"'t·,. ,
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".IT.I}:'
...

.. Q.2 {6) . \J'.

..

f. •' . b) .What ·c:eu ~ g 1 'How 'does it he_lp to' impro_ve the'

is
Time alot I ST DATA s T

caf,aci_ty of mobile cellw,r systm, ? <Refer ·Q.8\·of Chapter .; 3) · [61

. ~ · -Write short note· on bRSic rtidio b'tmSmission p~~ters-of the·
GSM sy,stem. .. · . .; .. . . . ." ·•' ·.. .[6J ST : Start bits ·,
. Ans. l ·• GSM :netwodcs
·25 MHz bandwidth globally. This
U1e8 - ~t; S : Stealing bits
~--P bits
/--·>q,-~·G'Uilrd bits
2S MEiz 'ban'dwidth la further dividecl into 124 carri~ ftequcncy chatmels T : Training bits
.200 apart called "Ahlolute·Radio· Frequency Channel · Numbers
(ARPCN)". .. .. . .
. •,· t:-.For subscriber to base transmission :
Fig. 1"· .
8. Voice transmission per RF channel :....8 · . .;_
;
' · ' 890-91S· (reverse link) : 9. Time Slot (TS) period ·: 576.9 µs ''
2. For base to ~ubscriber transmission : 10. Bit period : 3.692 µs : ..
93S-960;-MHz (forward link) ·t 1. Modulation : 0.3 OMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying)
12. Channel spacing : 200 kUz
• !Fhc ARFCN inqicates a pair.of channel (fo:i;ward and reverse) which are
scpar_ated by 45 MHz. Each channel is time shared between 8 13. Interleaving delay ·: 40 ms
- 14. Voice coder bit rate : 13.4 kbps
~ ·. .
_A Gulde for Engineering Students <e.!co"w
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Cellular Networks S-6 Solved University -~f!~llon.!:,RP,Ct:'~
Cellular Networ/fs S-5 Solved University Question Papers
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,- • -
-·-·- ·-. -·-·- ·-· -·l, !~ ·-· -·-·-·-·-·,-·-·
=-i
-·-·
15. Modulation data rate: 270.8333 kbps ·\E, i: ! L...!lliLJ LI!:fLI
'1~ ~· .
!I .
,,.
, I

16 . . Frequency de_v iation : 67.708 kHz fescll!! .

j_,,. .i '-=-'rn,...
r7. Slow frequency hopping : 217 hops per second. i · Hi PSTN .·
ISON,' CSPON
'} : ii !:i
!ti MSC
,,,,..__ _..J •I PSPON .:.-~.- .,
. .. • II · !
0.577 ma t--
! • I
I •
. ,---._j,,,.'---' .,
i,=:::::=::ii r==::::;:=i !

I . .. . . . .. . .
I j:

......
I I
\!a:;
i: iLfil!LJ i
Fra I TS0
TS1 TS 8 T~ 8 Time slots
j;
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·_,_,_~A,._·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·_____ ,i
Base atatlon Networlc
syatem syetem

4.818 ma ·-l,.;_ SIM : Subscriber Identity Module BSC

ME : Mobile Equipment BTS
Base Station ControUer HLF\ Home Locatlqn_Register..
Base Transrecelver controller VLR Visitor Location .Register
' : EIR Equlpnient Identity Register MSC Mobile S~Nlce switching Center
Multi
frame
To T1 ..... .. .... ~~F•m•• Au C Authen!.leetron.Center'· ,· .•. · ··

Fig. 3 GSM architecture

120ms • The GSM network can be divided into three parts.
S : Slow associated control channel frame 1. Mobile station - Carried by·subscriber · .

.. . -
I : Idle frame
2. Base station system - Controls the radio link witl,i~_ob,iie ~tatip~

.
Super~

8.12 sac.
~,, ,
3. Network sysiem - Performs s~tc~g o.f call~.
users.
1. Moblle station
m:~bile

.
I . • The Mobile Station (MS) cqnsists "Jfmobile' equipmertt-{ierminal) and a .
Hypor smart card called SIM (Subscriber Indentity ·Module); SJ;M provides
frame 0 2048 2047 12048 Super
frame personal mobility to have access to subscribed $e~(?eS .irr.espectiV;e of a
specific equipment. - By inserting ·the SIM car<i into another..· .G'SM
1----------- 3 hr, 28 min. 54 sec. equipment, the user can receive calls at that equipment, make :calls from
that equipment, and receive other subscribed Services.
Fig. 2 GSM frame (Speech dedicated control channel frame) • The mobile equipment· (terminal) is uniqueiy . icienti.fiecl by the ·
OR International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEi). T,he SIM ·card ·contains j;
I l
Q.2 What is handoff ? Why is it necessary in mobile cellular the International Mobile Subscriber Identjty (IM,S.) use4 ..tQ-. -ider;itiff the_·
a)
system ? Explain mechanism of handoff. (Refer Q.9 of Chapter - 3) (91 subscriber to the system, a secret key f'.o.r authentication ~d other \I
b) Draw a neat ·diagram of GSM architecture and explain the
function of each block in it.
Ans. : Basic GSM Architecture
(91
information.. The IMEi and IMSI are indep~nde~i, . th~reby :.~llo'Ying
personal mobility. The SIM may be prote~te<f against una~thorizecl ~se
by a password or Personal Identity Nuinber (PIN):· .
rI I
2. Base Station Subsystem
• A GSM network consists of several functional entities, whose functions i
• The base station subsystem consists of two parts - !
and interfaces are specified. Fig. 3 shows generic GSM network
1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS).
architecture.

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<e:!co0):> A Guide for E11gineerl11g Students

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 f:el/ular N•tworks S-1 Solved University Q1fOtlon Papers Cellular Networlu S-B Solved UnJverslty QuutJon Poper6

2·.. Bue Station. Controlicr (BSC), 1. Homo Location Reaister (HLR.)

• Abis interface allows the opera~on ~etwecn · BSC and BTS. The ~- Visitor Location Register (VLR)
interface comprises traffic and control channels . 3. Equipment Identity Register (EIR.)
BTS . . .. 4. Authentication Center (AuC)
• The Base Transceiver. Station has. radio transceivers that define a cell · Q.3 · a) Explain the concept of Link-budget analysis along with the
and handles the radio"ltnk protocols with Mobile Station-·(MS). expression. <Refer Q.1 of Chapter - 4)
(8]
• BTS serv~s one or nio;e c~lls ·in the cellular network and contains more
than ·one transceivers (TRXs); The · ·transceiver serves full duplex b) Explain in ddails the tele-trajJic ¥fem model.
. conunwticati~n to Mobile _$tation (MS). · . ~efer Q.8 of Chapter • 4) ·
[9)
OR
· • BTs··coruaihs .the Tr~coder Rate Adapter Unit {TRAU)..In TRAU, the
GSM specific speech encoding and decoding is carried out, as well as QA a) Dmoe the first Erlang distribution for Ion call sysum.
the rate adaption function of d~ta. , (Refer Q.7 of Chapter • 4) :. 1
~~~·;f· • · [SJ
SSC
\:·_l·~i,
b) Conaukr a cellulllr ,ystem with N • 48 ·~ per cell, an4
• The 'Base Station Controller ·manages the. radio resources for one ·or blocking probability PB • 0,02 • 2 %. ·17M--fflltlic::·'°'.·~ la Ao = 0.04 E.
more- ·Brss.. : It . han4les ra':iio.:.channel . setup, frequency hopping and TM cell radius is l km. What la the numbr:Jilf~ that· can be
handoffs. The BSC is the connection· )etweeri the mobile station and tho sfl11110rled in a city_ ef 603 kni1- . ara 1 •··- .;"..~~7t.{~,,~*~?~~:~: : [91
Mobile Se~ce Switching Center (MSC): . Au. : G.iv~ : Probability ~f bl,-_._. .
- - -•:'":•·. .·~··· ....,,,.'~--:.it.~\?, •. _,._.,_.,
. • The ~ctions of :Ssc·and BTS are listed below.
Number of channels per cell iiiia~m
Sr. Np, • .JJas~ Stat:i~~ Co~troller
'• .. . '. .. . ·,. (BSC) .· .. .Base Tr~niceiver
(BTS)
Station Traffic intensity per user, Au • AH •
. ..
BTSs. '.
' ,

:, ", ·1• .. . . Control

. , . of
' For GOS • 0.02 and C • 48, from the Er.
.
.,
... Int.crleavin& and delnterleavm,;
offered traffic {A) .. 38.350 Erlangs. Therefore, the
. :z:. . Radio resource management. . . Radio link protocol, ~ g . that can be supported per cell is
~- '
Handoff management and ·
control: . . . , ·.
Full duplex·communication to U "'." A/ Au .• 38.350/~.04 -= 958.75 .. 958.
. '
. . MS.
.Cell radius, R ':" 1 km
J;Network·Switching Syst~un ·. .
• .The ·central ; cpm~·~nent of network $Ubsysteni 'ia the 'Mobile Services Area covered per cell is 2.598x(1) 2 - 2.598 sq.km.
Switching Ce.titer··'(MSC). It acts . as- switching .node of PS1N ·and·.
provides the function D(le.ded . to, handie a mobil~ subscn1,er such as .. No of cells ... Area of City/Area covered per CE;ll • 603/2..598
Registration, authentication, locating ·updati.ng, handovers and call • 232 cells
routing to roaming subscriber. . . ··
• Network. subsystem includes data bases required subscribers and for · ·Since there are 232 cells, the total number of subscribers that can be
~obility management. The Network subsystem also ~lw:los 'tour suppor~ed by System is equal to 958 x 232 = 577674 users •• •Ans.
· different data bases .. ·

~- A Guld•for. E,,.,nurl,,,-Studinu
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Cellular Netwprks . S-9 Solved University Question Papers Cellular Networks s-10 Solved Unlyersity Question Papers
Q.5 a) Draw and explain LTE network architecture.
Q.6 a) With neat schematic explain ·open wireless architecture of 5G.
(l{efer Q.3 of Chapter - 5) {9]
. [9]
b) Compare various IEEE 802.11 (802.11, 802.11a, · 802.llb, (1G to 5G). for following
80.211g, 80.211n) standards. [71 ·d used, technology, multiple
Ans.: :nique, frequency spectrum .
1antages.
Parameters IBEE IBEE IEEE {91
IEEE.
802.Ua 802.llb 80~.llg 802.1111 to improve throughput,·
Frequency Band . 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz pter 6) . ._. tBl .

23 Mbits 4.3 Mbits algorithm and explain .

Throughput 19 Mbits
l9l .
Speed 54 Mbits 11 Mbits 5.4 Mblts
[Bl :·
Indoor Range 35 Mtrs 38 Mtrs 38 Mtrs

Outdoor Range 120 Mrs. 140 Mrs. 140 Mrs.

connectio.ns, '
c) List various simulators used for simulation of wireless nettiior1
[%]
Ans. :. Simulators used for Wireless network-
·1. PHYSIM : Used for Communication system simulation 3. Traffic sched
2. OPNET : Commercial Simulator used for .predictive modeling and data. users io .initiate the piic!
comprehensiv~ understanding of Network technologies and applications through bit rate, BER and delay adjustments
3 •. NET.S IM : Network simulator, used for Network based research 4. Power control - to maintain radio link quality
4 • .GLOMOSIM : Scalable simulation environment also for wireless and Also ·~efer QA of cha_p ter - 6.
wired network systems • 1' • •

S. CNET Simulator : Used to simulate the computer networks . . · b) Explain network perJ01-;1ance P,arem:ie·ters used t o p ~ J,ttter.
6. OMNET++ : Co~ponent based, open architecture simulation
Quality of Experience (QoE) in wireless -~e~prk. . • ..
environment also with strong GUI support (Refer Q.4 of Chapter • 5) ·
·11 -~-
7. Network Simulator : NS2 and NS3:-Discrete event simulator used for
Networking research !\I'·;·
8. QUALNET : Modeling tool for
Wired and wireless network
' .
; .~
9. NCTuns : High fidelity and extensible network simulator and also 'I'
emulator -~ir
OR
A Gulde/or Engineering Students .
A Gulde/or Engineering St11dents
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