Solution

HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION 2023-2024

Class 11 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(d) (x: x ≠ x ).
Explanation: (x: x ≠ x ). x is not equal to x is null set as it refers to there is no element in the set.And it also representing the
set builder form pattern
2.
(b) 7
Explanation: The no. of proper subsets = 2n - 1 = 23 - 1 = 7
Here n = no of elements of given set = 3.
3.
(c) 2mn
Explanation: We have n(A) = m, n(B) = n.
∴ Number of relations defined from A to B

= number of possible subsets of A × B = 2n(A × B) = 2mn

4.
(c) (−∞, −2] ∪ [2, ∞)
Explanation: To find out the domain of f, we have to find out that value of x for which f(x) is real.
⇒ x2 - 4 ≥ 0
⇒ (x + 2)(x - 2) ≥ 0

⇒ (x + 2) ≥ 0, (x - 2) ≥ 0 or (x + 2) ≤ 0, (x - 2) ≤ 0
⇒ x ≥ −2, x ≥ 2 or x ≤ −2, x ≤ 2
⇒ x ≥ 2 or x ≤ −2

Domain of f is (−∞, −2] ∪ [2, ∞)

5.
–
(c) −√3
−16π 16π
Explanation: tan( 3
) = − tan
3
[∵ tan(−θ) = − tan θ]

π π –
= − tan(5π + ) = − tan = − √3 [∵ tan(nπ + θ) = tan θ]
3 3

6. (a) -2
c c
37π
Explanation: 180 ∘
= π
c
⇒ 1110
∘
= (
π

180
× 1110) = (
6
)

37π
∴ cosec (-1110°) = -cosec 1110° = - cosec 6

π π
= − cosec(6π + ) = − cosec = −2 [∵ cosec(2nπ + θ) = cosec θ]
6 6

7. (a) 0
Explanation: 0
(1 + i) (1 + i2) (1 + i3) (1 + i4)
= (1 + i) (1 - 1) (1 - i) (1 + 1) (∵ i2 = -1, i3 = -i and i4 = 1)
= (1 + i) (0) (1 - i) (2) = 0
8. (a) 1

13

Explanation: 13
1

Let z = 1

2
(2+3i)

1
⇒ z=
2
4+9i +12i
1
⇒ z=
−5+12i

1 −5−12i
⇒ z= ×
−5+12i −5−12i

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 −5−12i
⇒ z=
25+144

−5 12i
⇒ z= −
169 169
−−−−−−−−−
25 144
⇒ |z| = √ +
2 2
169 169

1
⇒ |z| =
√169

1
⇒ |z| =
13

9. (a) − x > − 5

Explanation: Given x < 5

Multiplying both sides of the above inequality by -1,we get
− x > − 5 [The sign of the inequality is to be reversed if both sides of an inequality are multiplied by the same
negative real number]
10.
(d) x ∈ (–∞ , – 13] ∪ [7, ∞ )
Explanation: since |x + 3| ≥ 10 , ⇒ x + 3 ≤ – 10 or x + 3 ≥ 10
⇒ x ≤ – 13 or x ≥ 7

⇒ x ∈ (– ∞ , – 13] ∪ [7, ∞ )

solution set = (– ∞ , – 13] ∪ [7, ∞ )

11. (a) r + 1
Explanation:
We know that, nCr + nCr+1 = n+1C r + 1
∴ x= r+1
12.
(d) 496
Explanation: nC18 = nC12
⇒ n = (18 + 12) = 30
32C = 32C = 32C2 = 32×31
= 496
∴ n 30 2

13.
(d) 5n
n
Explanation: ∑ r=0
r
4 .
n
Cr=4 0
⋅
n
C0 + 4
1 n
⋅ C1 + 4
2 n
⋅ C2 + ... + 4
n n
⋅ Cn

= 1 + 4. C + 4 n
1
2 n
. C2 + .... + 4 n
⋅
n
Cn

= (1 + 4)n = 5n
14.
(d) 1
Explanation:
The pascal's triangle is given by

15.
(b) 4

n−2
3
4 4
Explanation: Given GP is 12, 4, 3
, 9
, ...
4 1
Here, we have a = 12 and r = 12
=
3
n−1
n−1 1 1 4
∴ Tn = ar = 12 × ( ) = 4 × 3 × =
3 n−1 (n−2)
3 3

16.
(b) 12th
– –
Explanation: Given GP is √3, 3, 3√3 ...

2/6
 – –
Here, we have a = √3 and r = 3
= √3.
√3

Let Tn = 729. Then, arn-1 = 729 ⇒ √3 × (√3)

– – n−1
= 729 = 36
– n – 12
∴ (√3) = (√3) ⇒ n = 12.
Section B
17. We know that (A ∩ B) ⊂ A and (A - B) ⊂ A
⇒ (A ∩ B) ∩ (A – B) ⊂ A….(1)

Suppose x ∈ (A ∩ B) ∩ (A - B)
⇒ x ∈ (A ∩ B) and x ∈ (A - B)

⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ B and x ∈ A and x ∉ B

⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ A [∵ x ∈ B and x ∉ B are not possible simultaneously]

⇒ x ∈ A,now we have

∴ (A ∩ B) ∩ (A - B) ⊂ A…(2)
From (1) and (2), we obtain
A = (A ∩ B) ∩ (A - B).
18. The given function is: f(x) = . x

2
1+x

We observe that f(x) takes real values for all x ∈ R

Hence, domain (f) = R
Let y = f(x), then
1± √1−4y 2
x
y= 2
2
⇒ x y − x + y = 0 ⇒ x = 2y
1+x

Clearly, x will assume real values, if

1 - 4y > and y = 0
4y - 1 < 0 and y = 0
2 1
y − ≤ 0 and y ≠ 0
4
1 1
(y − ) (y + ) ≤ 0 and y ≠ 0
2 2
1 1
− ≤ y ≤ and y ≠ 0
2 2

y ∈ [−1/2, 1/2] − {0}

19. (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

20. Here 3x - 2 < 2x + 1.
⇒ 3x − 2x < 1 + 2

⇒ x < 3

The solution set is (−∞, 3)

The representation of the solution set on the number line is

21. The total number of ways in which all the girls are never together = Total number of arrangements - Total number of arrangements
in which all the girls are always together
= 10! - 5! × 6!
22. By the binomial expansion, we have
(99)4 = (100 - 1)4
4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 4
= C0 × (100) − C1 × (100) ×1 + C2 × (100) × 1 − C3 × 100 × 1 + C4 × 1

4 3 2
= (100) − 4 × (100) + 6 × (100) − 4 × 100 + 1

= 100000000 - 4000000 + 60000 - 400 + 1

= 96059601
Therefore,we get (99)4 = 96059601
an−1
23. Given: a1 = -1, a = ,n≥ 2 n
n

Putting n = 2, 3, 4 and 5, we get

a2−1 a1 −1
a2 = = =
2 2 2
a3−1 a2 −1/2 −1
a3 = = = =
3 3 3 6
a4−1 a3 −1/6 −1
a4 = = = =
4 4 4 24
a5−1 a4 −1/24 −1
a5 = = = =
5 5 5 120

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 −1 −1 −1 −1
Hence the first five terms are −1, 2
,
6
,
24
,
120

−1 −1 −1 −1
∴ Corresponding series is −1 + ( 2
) + (
6
) + (
24
) + (
120
).........

Section C
24. Here R = {(x, x + 5) : x ∈ (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)}
= {(a, b): a = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Now a = x and b = x + 5
Putting a = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 we get b = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
∴ Domain of R = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Range of R = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

cos 4x+cos 3x+cos 2x (cos 4x+cos 2x)+cos 3x
25. We have L.H.S. = sin 4x+sin 3x+sin 2x
=
(sin 4x+sin 2x)+sin 3x

4x +2x 4x −2x
2 cos( ) cos( )+cos 3x
2 2
=
4x +2x 4x −2x
2 sin( ) cos( )+sin 3x
2 2

C+D C−D
= 2 sin( ) cos( ) ⎤
∵ sin C + sin D 2 2

[ ⎥
cos C + cos D C+D C−D
= 2 cos( ) cos( ) ⎦
2 2

2 cos 3x cos x+cos 3x

=
2 sin 3x cos x+sin 3x

cos 3x(2 cos x+1) cos 3x

=
sin 3x(2 cos x+1)
=
sin 3x
= cot 3x = R.H.S
26. Let x and x + 2 be two consecutive even positive integers
Then x > 5 and x + x + 2 < 23
⇒ x > 5 and 2x + 2 < 23

⇒ x > 5 and 2 x < 23 - 2

⇒ x > 5 and 2 x < 21

⇒ x > 5 and x < 21

2
21
⇒ 5 < x <
2
21
⇒ 5 < x <
2

⇒ x = 6, 8, 10
Thus required pairs of even positive integers are (6, 8), (8, 10), and (10, 12).
27. Number of red balls = 6
Number of red balls selected = 4
Number of selections = C = 6
4
6!

2!4!
= 15

Number of green balls = 8

Number of green balls selected = 5
Number of selection = 8
C5 =
8!

3!5!
= 56

The required number of selections = 15 × 56 = 840

28. (a + b)4 = [ C a + C a
4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 3 4 4
0 1 b+ C2 a b + C3 ab + C4 b ]

4
and (a − b) = [ C a 4
0
4
−
4
C1 a b +
3 4
C2 a b
2 2 4
− C3 ab + C4 b ]
3 4 4

4 4 4 3 4 3
∴ (a + b) − (a − b) = 2 [ C1 a b + C3 ab ]

3 3 2 2
= 2 [4a b + 4ab ] = 8ab [ a + b ]
– – 4 – – 4 – – – – 2
∴ (√3 + √2) − (√3 − √2) = 8 ⋅ √3 ⋅ √2 [(√3) 2
+ (√2) ]
– – – – –
= 8 ⋅ √3 ⋅ √2[3 + 2] = 40 ⋅ √3 ⋅ √2 = 40√6

Section D
tan A+sec A−1 1+sin A
29. To prove: tan A−sec A+1
=
cos A

Taking L.H.S, we have

tan A+sec A−1
LHS = tan A−sec A+1
sin A 1
+ −1

= c os A

sin A
c os A

1
− +1
c os A c os A

sin A+1−cos A
=
sin A−1+cos A

sin A+(1−cos A)
=
sin A−(1−cos A)

sin A+(1−cos A) sin A+(1−cos A)

= ×
sin A−(1−cos A) sin A+(1−cos A)

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 2

[using (a + b)(a - b) = a2 - b2]

{sin A+(1−cos A)}
= 2 2
sin A−(1−cos A)

2 2
sin A+(1−cos A) +2 sin A(1−cos A)
= 2 2
sin A−(1−cos A)

2 2
(sin A+ cos A)+1−2 cos A+2 sin A(1−cos A)
= 2 2
sin A−{1+ cos A−2 cos A}

(1)+1−2 cos A+2 sin A(1−cos A)

= 2
(sin A−1)− cos 2 A+2 cos A

{∵ 1 - sin2 A = cos2 A}
2(1−cos A)+2 sin A(1−cos A)
=
(− cos 2 A)− cos 2 A+2 cos A

2(1+sin A)(1−cos A)
= 2
−2 cos A+2 cos A

2(1+sin A)(1−cos A)
= 2 cos A(1−cos A)

(1+sin A)
= cos A
= R.H.S
tan A+sec A−1 1+sin A
Hence, it is proved that: tan A−sec A+1
=
cos A
– – 7
30. To find: Value of (2 + √3) 7
+ (2 − √3)

Formula used: C = n
r
n!

(n−r)!(r)!

(a + b)n = nC0an + nC1an-1b + nC2an-2b2 + …… +nCn-1abn-1 + nCnbn

(a + b)7 = [ 7 7
C0 a ] + [ C1 a
7 7−1
b] + [ C2 a
7 7−2 2
b ]+ [ C3 a
7 7−3 3
b ] + [ C4 a
7 7−4
b ]
4

7 7−5 5 7 7−6 6 7 7
+ [ C5 a b ] + [ C6 a b ] + [ C7 b ]

= 7C0a7 + 7C1a6b + 7C2a5b2 + 7C3a4b3 + 7C4a3b4 + 7C5a2b5 + 7C6a1b6 + 7C7b7 … (i)

(a - b)7 [ 7 7
C0 a ] + [ C1 a
7 7−1
(−b)] + [ C2 a
7 7−2 2
(−b ) ] + [ C3 a
7 7−3 3
(−b ) ] + [ C4 a
7 7−4 4 7 7−5
(−b) ] + [ C5 a
5
(−b) ]

7 7−6 6 7 7
+ [ C6 a (−b ) ] + [ C7 (−b ) ]

= 7C0a7 - 7C1a6b + 7C2a5b2 - 7C3a4b3 + 7C4a3b4 - 7C5a2b5 + 7C6a1b6 - 7C7b7 ….. (ii)
Adding eqn. (i) and (ii)
(a+b)7 + (a-b)7= [7C0a7 + 7C1a6b + 7C2a5b2 + 7C3a4b3 + 7C4a3b4 + 7C5a2b5 + 7C6a1b6 + 7C7b7] + [7C0a7 - 7C1a6b + 7C2a5b2 -
7C a4b3 + 7C a3b4 - 7C a2b5 + 7C a1b6 - 7C b7]
3 4 5 6 7

= 2[7C0a7 + 7C2a5b2 + 7C4a3b4 + 7C6a1b6]

2
7! 7 7! 5b 7! 3 4 7! 1 6
= 2 [[ a ] + [ a ]+[ a b ] + [ a b ]]
0!(7−0)! 2!(7−2)! 4!(7−4)! 6!(7−6)!

= 2[(1)a7 + (21)a5b2 + (35)a3b4 + (7)ab6]

= 2[a7 + 21a5b2 + 35a3b4 + 7ab6] = (a+b)7 + (a-b)7
–
Putting the value of a = 2 and b = √3 in the above equation
– 7 – 7
(2 + √3) + (2 − √3)

7 5 – 2 3 – 4 – 6
= 2 [{2 } + {21(2) (√3) } + {35(2) (√3) } + {7(2)(√3) }]

= 2[128 + 21(32)(3) + 35(8)(9) + 7(2)(27)]

= 2[128 + 2016 + 2520 + 378]
= 10084
31. a + b = 6 √−
−
ab
a+b 3
=
2√ab 1

by C and D
a+b+2√ab 3+1
=
a+b−2√ab 3−1

2
( √a+ √b)
2
=
2
1
( √a− √b)

√a+ √b √2
=
√a− √b 1

again by C and D
√a+ √b+ √a− √b √2+1
=
√a+ √b− √a− √b √2−1

2√a √2+1
=
2√b √2−1
2
( √2+1)
a

b
=
2
(on squaring both sides)
( √2−1)

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a 2+1+2√2
=
b 2+1−2√2

a 3+2√2
=
b 3−2√2

– –
a : b = (3 + 2√2) : (3 - 2√2)

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