9

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 3
(Week 5)

Angle of Depression

i
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in this module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about Angle of Depression. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• identify Angle of Depression,
• illustrate Angle of Depression, and
• solve problems involving Angle of depression.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose only the letter of the
correct answer. Write your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper. If the answer
is not found among the given choices, write your own solution.
1. It is an angle between a horizontal line from the observer and the line of sight
to an object that is below the horizontal line.
A. Angle of Depression C. Angle of Elevation
B. Angle of Dispersion D. Angle of Innovation
2. What is the relationship between the sides of the cosine function?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
A. B. C. D.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

3. Which of the following is not part of the group?

A. Cosine B. Sine C. Tangent D. Secant

4. Given reference angle (θ) below, which of the following represent angle of
depression?
A. B. C. D.
θ
θ

θ
θ

Use the given figure below to answer item numbers 5 to 8.

20.64
X Z
35°

14.45
25.20
55°

Y
5. What is the angle of depression of the figure?
A. 180° B. 90° C. 55° D. 35°
6. Find the length of the hypotenuse based on the figure above.
A. 55 B. 25.20 C. 20.64 D. 14.4
7. What is the value of the adjacent side of the angle of depression of the figure
above?
A. 55 B. 25.20 C. 20.64 D. 14.4
8. Identify the value of the opposite side of the angle of depression of the figure
above.
A. 55 B. 25.20 C. 20.64 D. 14.45

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9. Refer to the figure at the right. Find the value of side XZ.
Reference values: X Z
53°
sin 53° = 0.7886
cos 53° = 0.6018 20.21
tan 53° = 1.3270

Y
A. 15.20 B. 26.88 C. 32.79 D.73.21

10. Refer to the figure at the right. Solve the value of side XY.
9.10
Reference values: Z X
sin 16° = 0.2756 16°
cos 16° = 0.9613
tan 16° = 0.2867

Y
A. 2.61 B. 25.10 C. 31.64 D. 145.60
11. Refer to the figure at the right. Solve the value of side ZY.
Reference values: Z X
sin 41° = 0.6561 41°
cos 41° = 0.7547
tan 41° = 0.8692 25.26

Y
A. 15.74 B. 16.57 C. 38.50 D. 66.26

12. Find the measure of the adjacent side if the value of the angle of depression is
75° and the opposite side is 30.31 meters(m).
Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 75° = 3.7320 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 75° = 0.9660, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 75° = 0.2588
A. 113.06 m B. 34.04 m C. 26.85 m D. 8.12 m
13. If the value of the angle of depression is 18° and its opposite side is 36.35 ft,
then the value of the adjacent side is 111.85 ft. What can you say about the
statement?
Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 18° = 0.3249 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 18° = 0.3090, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 18° = 0.9510
A. True B. False C. Undecided D. Maybe
14. The monkey is up on the banana tree looking at the turtle on the ground,
making 55° angle of depression. If the distance of the turtle from the banana
tree 13.65 feet(ft.), how high are the monkey’s eyes from the ground?
Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 55° = 1.4281 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 55° = 0.8191, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 55° = 0.5736
A. 9.55 ft. B. 19.52 ft. C. 17.48 ft. D. 78.65 ft.
15. At the top of the hill is the starting point of a zipline with an angle of
depression 34° going to the zipline’s endpoint on the ground. If the height of
the hill is 123.45 meters(m), how far is the zipline’s endpoint from the bottom
of the hill?
Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 34° = 0.6745 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 34° = 0.5592, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 34° = 0.8290
A. 83.27 m B. 89.45 m C.157.45 m D. 183.02 m

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 Lesson
Angle of Depression
3

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
• identify Angle of Depression,
• illustrate Angle of Depression; and
• solve problems involving Angle of Depression.

What’s In

In our previous topic, you have learned about the angle of elevation. Below is an
illustration about it.

(Object)

(Observer) horizontal line

You have learned that an angle of elevation is an angle between a horizontal line from
the observer and the line of sight to an object that is above the horizontal line. But
the question is, what about if the object is below the horizontal line?

What’s New

Yes, what about if the object is below the horizontal line? What angle is being formed
between the line of sight and the horizontal line when the object obseved is below it?
The answer to these questions is called angle of depression. It is an angle between
a horizontal line from the observer and the line of sight to an object that is below the
horizontal line. It is the opposite of angle of elevation. Line of sight is an imaginary
line that connects the eye of the observer to the object being observed.

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Below is the illustration of angle of depression:

(Observer) horizontal line

(Object)

What Is It

So, what is the importance of the angle of depression? How can you use this in real
life situation? and how do you do the calculations?
First, you need to know how to illustrate a situation and transformed it to a right
triangle. For example, the illustration below:

H E H
E

A A
The eye (E) is looking at the ant. And by adding vertical line to connect point H and
point A, you can create a right triangle ∆EHA. Since, it is a right triangle you can use
trigonometric functions cos θ, sin θ, tan θ, cot θ, csc θ and sec θ. However, the
commonly used in solving problems involving angle of depression are cos θ,
sin θ, and tan θ. In the formed of,
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝
cos 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗

adj adj
θ θ

opp or opp
hyp hyp

These are the two faces of triangle that you will encounter in solving angle of
depression. The side opposite to the angle (θ) is the opposite side (opp), the side
beside the angle is the adjacent side (adj) and the longest side is the hypotenuse
(hyp).

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Now, you study the following examples.

Example #1:

If the angle of depression θ is 30° and the distance of the horizontal line EH is 25
meters, find the length of the vertical line AH.

adj
25 m
H E H
E 30°

opp (x)
hyp

A A

Based on the given data, analyze what trigonometric function to be used. Since the
data has 25m as the adjacent and the unknown value is the opposite, therefore, you
𝑜𝑝𝑝
will use tan 𝜃 = .
𝑎𝑑𝑗

Solution:

SOLUTIONS EXPLANATION
𝜃 = 30° Given
Let the ff:
adj = 25 m
• EH is the adjacent (adj) side.
opp = x (unknown) • AH is the opposite (opp) side.

𝑜𝑝𝑝 The Trigonometric function to be used is

tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗
tangent because the problem involves
adjacent and opposite values.
𝑥 Substitute the given values.
tan(30°) =
25

tan(30°) (25) = 𝑥 Multiply tan 30° to 25.

(0.55735)(25) = 𝑥 (the value of tan 30° is 0.57735) by using
14.43375 = 𝑥 a scientific calculator click TAN then 25
or click 25 then TAN depending on what
kind of calculator that you are using.
𝑥 = 14.23 m So, AH is 14.23 meters.
(Using two decimal places)

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Example #2:
How far is the boat from the lighthouse if the lighthouse is 143 meters tall and the
angle of depression to the boat is 26°?

Horizontal line adj (x)

A B
26° 26°

opp
143 m
143 m hyp

C
Distance

Illustrate the problem and convert it to a right triangle just like the given figure. The
height of the lighthouse is now being represented with AC as the opposite side and
the distance of the boat from the lighthouse with AB as the adjacent. The distance
and the horizontal line are just the same because they are parallel.

Solution:

SOLUTIONS EXPLANATION
𝜃 = 26° Given
Let the ff:
adj = x
• AB is the adjacent (adj) side
opp = 143 m representing the distance of the boat
from the lighthouse.
• AC is the opposite (opp) side
representing the height of the
lighthouse.
𝑜𝑝𝑝 The Trigonometric function to be used is
tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 tangent because the problem involves
adjacent and opposite values.
143 Substitute the given values.
tan(26°) =
𝑥

143
tan(26°) =
𝑥 • manipulate the equation to get the
143 value of x.
𝑥=
tan(26°) • divide 143 by tan(26°).
(The value of tan(26°) is 0.48773) by
143 using a scientific calculator click TAN
𝑥=
𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟑 then 26 or click 26 then TAN
𝑥 = 293.195 depending on what kind of calculator
that you are using.

𝑥 = 293.20 m The distance of the boat from the

lighthouse is 293.20 meters.
(Using two decimal places).

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Example #3:
A bamboo pole is leaning against a coconut tree. It makes an angle of depression of
40°. Find the length of the bamboo pole if the distance of the coconut tree from the
bottom part of the bamboo pole is 16 ft.

adj
16 ft
A C
40°
40°

hyp (x)

16 ft B

SOLUTIONS EXPLANATION
𝜃 = 40° Given
Let the ff:
adj = 16 ft.
• AC is the adjacent (adj) side
hyp = x representing the distance of the
coconut tree from the bamboo
pole.
• AB is the hypotenuse (hyp) side
representing the length of the
bamboo pole.
𝑎𝑑𝑗 The Trigonometric function to be used is
cos 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 cosine because the problem involves
adjacent and hypotenuse values.
16 Substitute the given values.
cos(40°) =
𝑥

16
𝑥=
cos(40°) • manipulate the equation to get the
value of x, exchange cos(40°) to x.
16
𝑥=
0.76604 • divide 16 by cos(40°),
𝑥 = 20.8865 (The value of cos(40°) is 0.76604), by
using a scientific calculator click COS
then 40 or click 40 then COS
depending on what kind of calculator
that you are using.
𝑥 = 20.89 ft. The length of the bamboo pole is 20.89,
(Using two decimal places).

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Example #4:
The distance between the ground and the eyes of the chicken is 28 cm, while the
worm is 39 cm away from the chicken. Find the angle of depression when the
chicken is looking at the worm on the ground.

adj
39 cm
A C
θ°

opp
28 cm 28 cm

B
39 cm

SOLUTIONS EXPLANATION
𝜃=𝑥 Given
Let the ff:
• 𝜃 is the unknown angle of depression
𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 39 𝑐𝑚.
represented as x.
• AC is the adjacent (adj) side
𝑜𝑝𝑝 = 28 𝑐𝑚 representing the distance of the worm
from the chicken.
• AB is the opposite (opp) side
representing the distance between the
ground and the eyes of the chicken.
𝑜𝑝𝑝 The Trigonometric function to be used is
tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 tangent because the problem involves
adjacent and opposite side values.
28 Substitute the given values.
tan 𝜃 =
39

28 • To find the angle we must use inverse

𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) tangent in a formed of 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 .
39
or
• In using a calculator, you need to click
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.7179) shift then tan then the given values.

𝜃 = 35.68° The angle of depression.

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 What’s More

Activity 3.1: Give what is asked.

A. Give the value of the angle of depression, opposite side, adjacent side, and
hypotenuse using the given figures.

1. 15.61 2. 20.36
65° 50°

33.48
36.94 31.67

Reference values:
sin 50° = 0.7661
cos 50° = 0.6428
tan 50° = 1.1918

3. 4. 12.16
25° 41°

15.68
37.10

Reference values: Reference values:

sin 25° = 0.4226 sin 41° = 0.6261
cos 25° = 0.9063 cos 41° = 0.7547
tan 25° = 0.4663 tan 41° = 0.8693

B. Solve the following.

1. The bird on the top of the tree is looking at the worm on the ground making
an angle of depression 26°. How far is the worm from the tree if the height of
the tree is 45 feet?
Reference values: sin 26° = 0.4384, cos 26° = 0.8988, tan 26° = 0.4877

2. A zombie is standing 150 meters away from the tallest building of Cebu. A
sniper hiding at the top of the building aiming his laser gun to the zombie
with an angle of depression 31°. Find the height of the building.
Reference values: sin 31° = 0.5150, cos 31° = 0.8572, tan 31° = 0.6009

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 What I Need To Remember

• Angle of depression is an angle between a horizontal line from the

observer and the line of sight to an object that is below the horizontal line.
• The trigonometric functions use in solving problems involving angle of
depression.
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝
cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝
tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗

What I Can Do
Instructions: Do what is asked using the given word problem.

A mighty eagle is flying above while watching at the chickens on the ground
making an angle of depression 26°. If the distance between the ground right below
the eagle and the chickens is 43.21 meters. How high is the eagle from the ground?

Tasks:

1. Use long bond paper.

2. Margin is 1 inch.
3. Illustrate the problem through either of the ff:
a. Drawing ( any medium of color) ex. Paint, crayon, pastel, color pencil
b. Cut pictures
c. Mixed (both drawing and cut pictures)

4. Convert the illustration to right triangle.

5. Solve the problem. (show solution)

RUBRICS
ACCURACY (25 points) CREATIVITY (15 POINTS) NEATNESS (10 POINTS)
25 Points when all 15 Points when all parts of the 10 Points when all the
illustrations and solutions illustrations are well placed and parts of the output are
are correct balance. neat.
23 points when 1 part of the 13 Points when 1 part of the
9 Points when 1 part of
illustrations or solutions is illustrations is not well placed
the output is not neat.
wrong. and imbalanced.
21 points when 2 parts of 11 Points when 2 parts of the 8 Points when 2 parts
the illustrations or solutions illustrations are not well placed of the output are not
are wrong. and imbalanced. neat.
19 points when 3 parts of 9 Points when 3 parts of the 7 Points when 3 parts
the illustrations or solutions illustrations are not well placed of the output are not
are wrong. and imbalanced. neat.

17 points when 4 parts of 7 Points when 4 parts of the 6 Points when 4 parts
the illustrations or solutions illustrations are not well placed of the output are not
are wrong. and imbalanced. neat.

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 Assessment (Post Test)

Instructions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper. If the answer is not
found among the given choices, write your own answer.
1. It is an angle between a horizontal line from the observer and the line of sight
to an object that is below the horizontal line.
A. Angle of Depression C. Angle of Elevation
B. Angle of Dispersion D. Angle of Innovation
2. What is the relationship between the sides of the tangent function?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
A. B. C. D.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

3. Which of the following is use in solving the angle of depression if the given
values are the opposite side and the adjacent side of the angle?
A. Inverse tangent B. Inverse sine
B. Inverse cosine D. Inverse Angle

4. Given reference angle (θ) below, which of the following represent angle of
depression?
A. B. C. D.
θ
θ

θ
θ

Use the given figure to answer numbers from 5 to 8.

12.14
X Z
62°

22.82
25.86
28°

Y
5. What is the angle of depression of the figure?
A. 180° B. 90° C. 62° D. 28°
6. Give the value of the hypotenuse of right triangle XYZ.
A. 25.86 B. 22.82 C. 12.14 D. 28
7. What is the value of the adjacent side of the angle of depression of the figure
above?
A. 25.86 B. 22.82 C. 12.14 D. 28

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8. Identify the value of the opposite side of the angle of depression of the right
triangle XYZ whose figure is shown on the previous page.
A. 25.86 B. 22.82 C. 12.14 D. 28
9. Refer to the figure at the right. Find the value of side XZ. X Z
63°
Reference values:
sin 63° = 0.8910
50
cos 63° = 0.4540
tan 63° = 1.9626
Y
A. 13.00 B. 25.51 C. 98.00 D.113.00
10. Refer to the figure at the right. Solve the value of side XY.
15
Reference values: Z X
sin 46° = 0.7193 46°
cos 46° = 0.6947
tan 46° = 1.0355

Y
A. 13.96 B. 14.42 C. 15.60 D. 16.04

11. Refer to the figure at the right.Solve the value of side ZY.
Reference values: Z X
sin 21° = 0.3584 21°
cos 21° = 0.9336
tan 21° = 0.3839 30

Y
A. 15.74 B. 16.57 C. 10.75 D. 83.71
12. Find the measure of the adjacent side if the value of the angle of depression is
33° and the opposite side is 25.26 meters(m).
(Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 33° = 0.6494 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 33° = 0.5446, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 33° = 0.8387)
A. 58.26 m B. 38.90 m C. 16.40 m D. 8.26 m
13. If the value of the angle of depression is 28° and its adjacent side is 6.35 ft,
then the value of the adjacent side is 12.53 ft. What can you say about this
statement?
(Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 28° = 0.5317 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 28° = 0.4695, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 28° = 0.8829)
A. True B. False C. Undecided D. Maybe
14. The monkey is up on the banana tree looking at the turtle on the ground,
making 15° angle of depression. If the distance of the turtle from the banana
tree 23.32 ft., how high are the monkey’s eyes from the ground?
(Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 15° = 0.2679 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 15° = 0.2588, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 15° = 0.9659)
A. 1.55 ft. B. 6.25 ft. C. 87.05 ft. D. 349.80 ft.
15. At the top of the hill is the starting point of a zipline with an angle of
depression 24° going to the zipline’s endpoint on the ground. If the height of
the hill is 403 meters, how far is the zipline’s endpoint from the starting point?
(Reference values: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 24° = 0.4452 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛 24° = 0.4067, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 24° = 0.9135)
A. 163.90 ft. B. 402.59 ft. C. 427.00 ft. D. 990.90 ft.

12
 13
WHAT’S MORE 3. 4.
𝛉 = 𝟒𝟏°
A. 𝛉 = 𝟐𝟓°
opp = 10.57
opp = 15.68
1. adj = 12.16
adj = 33.62
hyp = 16.11
𝛉 = 𝟔𝟓° hyp = 37.10 𝑜𝑝𝑝
opp = 33.48 𝑜𝑝𝑝 tan θ =
tan θ = 𝑎𝑑𝑗
adj = 15.61 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝
15.68 tan 41° =
hyp = 36.94 tan 25° = 12.16
𝑎𝑑𝑗
(0.8693) (12.16) = opp
15.68
2. adj =
0.4663 10.57 = opp
𝛉 = 𝟓𝟎° And
adj = 33.62
adj = 20.36
hyp = 31.67 or 𝑎𝑑𝑗
cos θ =
opp = 24.27 ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑎𝑑𝑗 12.16
or cos θ = cos 41° =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝
opp =24.26
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗
tan θ = cos 25° = 12.16
𝑎𝑑𝑗 37.10 hyp =
𝑜𝑝𝑝 0.7547
tan 50° = (0.9063) (37.10) = adj
20.36 hyp = 16.11
33.62 = adj
(1.1918) (20.36) = opp
24.27 = opp
B
Or
1. 2.
𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin θ = 𝛉 = 𝟐𝟔° 𝛉 = 𝟑𝟏°
ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑜𝑝𝑝 opp = 45 ft opp = x
sin 50° = adj = x adj = 150 m
31.67
(0.7660) (31.67) = opp 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝
tan θ = tan θ =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑎𝑑𝑗
24.26 = opp 𝑜𝑝𝑝
45
tan 26° = tan 31° =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 150
45 (0.6009) (150) = opp
adj =
0.4877 90.14 = opp
𝐚𝐝𝐣 = 𝟗𝟐.27 ft.
opp = 90.14 m.
required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Answer Key
References
Text Book
Suzette C. Lapiña, et.al, Workbook in Mathematics 9, 121-124

Websites
https://byjus.com/maths/angle-of-depression/accessed May 16,2020
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/angle-of-elevation.html/ accessed May 16,2020
https://www.mathsteacher.com.au/year10/ch15_trigonometry/12_elevation_depression/2
3elevdep.htm / accessed May 16,2020

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:
1. Make sure every answer sheet has your
▪ Name
▪ Grade and Section
▪ Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you and return them at the end of the school year or
whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.

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