How to calculate initial size of column?

Corner Interior
column coLum
C2

Ly/2 o to 1o %

Ly

15 %

Edge
colum
33%

ALlowance for bending

Lx due to effect of fixity
1. Mark the floor area (Acol) contributing the load to the column. The load
Eransfer area Acol is Ehe area contained between the intersecting perpendicular
Lines drawn from the midpoints of the Lines joining the adjacent
2. W = 1.5 (25D + FF + LL) kN/m2
D is deptk of slab, FF is floor finish load and all is Live load
Load transferred from slab to column P wx Acol KN
Equivalent column axial load :
Corner column:1,33P
Edge column:1,15P
Interior column: 1,1P
This design example shows Ehe initial load Load oh column
calculation on column c8 (Edge column)
betwee level 2 and 3.

Concrete grade a M26

example Sm

Steel grade = Fes00 C1 C3

Concrete density = 25 kN/M3
Floor fnish load = 1 kNm2 4m

Live load = 2.5 kN/m2

C
SLab EhiCkness a 200 mm C4 Co
Wall density = 20 kN/m3 Wall
W1
Wall Ehickness = 105 m 4m

Wall W2 Wall Wa
Wf (fLoor Load) : 0,2x25 + 1 + 2.5 CS c9
= 7.5 keN/m2
Ww (waLL load) = 20 x O,105 Level 4
= 2,1 kN/M

Total load of level 4 on column Level

= 7.5 x 2 x 6 = 75 kN
W2 C8-23 W3
Level 2
Total load of evel 3 on column
= 7.5 x 2 x 6 + 2.1 x (2 + 5) = 9,7 kN
Level
Total load on column 8-23
P= 75 + 9.,7 = 164.7 kN

Considerng effects of moments P shall

be multiplied by 1.16, 16% increase.
Load factor 1.5
ULEimate load a 1.5 x 1,15 x 164.7
= 284,1 kN Structure Pedia
90 degree opening corners in Reinforced concrete structures

Vertical Face has tendency

asall to crack, orange
rebar esist crack
formation
Hairpin 9o degree opening
Corhers with 1 %
Applied Load
Bottomn reinforcement or
Slab
Less. Splay steel
being equal Eo sO%
A percent of main
steel
Splay steel
Water Tank so% of
main steel

9o degree opening
corners with more Ehan 1
play skeel % reinforcement
UBars so% of additiOnal transverse
main steel
steel provided. Splay
steel being equal to s0%
Transverse percent of main steel
steel
 Distrtbution bars
Ast/2

ONE
Ast Distribution bars
WAY
Section A SLAB
Structure Pedia e
Detatls of
Main bars
along this
Line
Man
bars

o,1L

L1
+

Dekails of distrtbution
bars along this Line

Distrtbution
bars
L

Plan
 Beam AB made very deep uwitk
depth equal to level difference
betuween 'S1 and S2 to support $1
A
$2

A |A

\Canop,
Bor Porch

Structure Pedia
Section A
option 1
Separate Beam
provided belou
AB at the level of
$1 to support $1 X
SectioA
Option 2
Option 1 and 2 needed to provide adequate
anchoroage to Ehe cantilever slab S1,
 Load Distribution in
slab
Structure Pedia

Tuso-ay
-Lx
Beam B3

B1
3:
Ly

45

Beam B3
W inkensiby of UDL Beam B1
On slab
WLx/2 B Ly / Lx
I Equivalent UDL for bending = 2/3 x WLx/2
Moment for short span beam
-Lx Equivalent UDL for shear tor 1/2 x WLx/2
short span beam
WLx/8 Equivalent UDL for
beinding moment for = (1-1/sB) x WLx/2
Beam B3 Long span beam
Equivalent UDL for
shear for Long span = (1-1/2B ) x WLx/2
beam
Stairs Supported at Ld

Ends of Landings Floor Level

Showing Positioh
of Main
Reinforcement Lap
Length of
Landing
Renforcement if Row of
required from BM Reinforcement chairs
consideration as per design
SLab
Landing Thickeness

Nosing
Reinforcement
Support at
ends of
Landing Distribution
steel

Main
PLinth steel

150 Footing

Structure Pedia
 Lx1/2 Lx2/2 Lx1/2 Lx2/2
Beam B2

WLx1/2 WLx2/2

Beam
B1 B1 B2

W= ntensiky
of UDL On Lm
sLab

Lx1 Lx2
Load/n on beam B2
Slab Area Transferring from slab shear
Load to Ehe beam
Lx/4
Lx
Beamlsst Beam B3 Beam B3
Beam B2
Cantilever slab

Column
Load
Duplicated
Beam Ieeam B2
B4
1m
B1

Lx
WLx
Beam Beam B3 Beam B3
B3 Lx1 Lx2
Load
transferred Load/m On beam B4
to Beam B3
Load/m on beam B3 from slab shear
Detailing of Cantilever Slab
Shear links

Beam
1

1
2
Cantilever slab

3 2

Cantilever slab at bottom of beam: TypicalL slab - beam connection

Floor slab de30

Beam
Ast/2
Cantilever slab Cantilever
slab

30cde15o

Ask

Cantilever
sLab
Cantilever slab connected Cantilever slab near
near mid depth of beam beam top
 COLUMNS Arrangement of
Main Bars Transverse
Reinforcement
Ties

4135 >3 dia.

dia
b.

b
Transverse
Reintorcement

tast
Individual
dia link
group

48 dioa Link

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 Main Beam supporting Secondary
Secondary Beam
BeaM
Hanger 1,5d 1.5d
Bars

300 3do

Close Rings/ Main Beam

Close Shear Links

Rings

Beams of
equal
depth
Main Beam Secondary BeaM
Secondary Beam
P
Beams of
nequal
depth
Main Beam

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Suspenders stirrups
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SPLICING Column
Face
Column
Face

Additional
OF Lap
Lengkk ties at bent
Construction

CoLUMN Addikional
Joint

ties at bent No Lnks

are Lap
Slope Cover
required Length
1 in 6

Cover

D2 <D1-15Q,

75 mm
.Dowel Bars
Slope 1in6
(max) P75 Floor Slab

3 Closely
spaced tes

D1
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 Part 3: Concept Structural
design Positioning of Columns
(G)Avoid Larger centre ko centre distance bebween columns.
Larger spacing of columns inCreases Ehe span.
High cost of beams.
Higk load on columns and heavy section of column Lead to offsets from walls.
Too much
Column offset shall
Beam be avoided
Large span leads ko
high beam depth
which reduces clear
headroom

Span Lengtk L Column

should be optimum
Masonry
wall
(6.) Columns on property Line need special Ereatment. Since column footing requires
Tertain area beyond the column, difficulkies are encountered in providing footing for
such columns. Some options are:
shift column inside along a cross wwall.
Provide combined footing or strap footing. (7.)When locakion of kwo columns
are very hear Ehen oe column
Cross should be provided instead of tuso
Beam
so as to reduce bending momet.
i...i Lonqitudinal
Beam
Property
Line
Isolated
Footing

Columns
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 Part s: Concept Structural
design Positioning of Beams
1. Beams shall be provided
Under the walls.
Below a heavy concentrated Load (to avoid these Loads directly coming on slabs).
Note: Maximum practicalL Ehickness of slab = 200mm
Minimum thickkness of slab = 100 mm (Residential/public)
Masonry
wsal
RCC Slab Beam

Span length L

Support Condition Cantilevers |Sümplysupported Fixed/continuous

SLab type One-way Tusoway One-way|Tso-wayOne-way Tuso-way
Maximum span L 1,5m 3.5m 4.5m. 4.5m. 6m

2. Avoid Larger spans of beams. L'arge span of beam could lead to:
Inereased depth of beams.
Large self weight on beams
Large oad on columns and large sizes of columns
Large size of footing
" Low clear headroom
Note : Columns are in general alasays cheaper compared ko beams on the basis of unit
cost.Therefore avotd Large spans and allou slight hcrease in number of columns.

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 Part 2 : Concept Struckural design
Positioning of Columns
3. Width of columns Widtk of the supported beam for effective load transfer.
View 1-1 RCC Beam B(Beam)
RCC Beam

RCC
RCC Colum
Colum

View 1-1 B (Column) B (Beam)

B (Column)
Vie 1-1
4. The plane of bending is a plane of the frame or a member in ushich loads and
Longitudinal axis Lie and in which deflection profile can be seen.
X
Bending Moment
Section A-A Section A-A about Z axis Shall
B3
be considered for
column design
RCC
Column Z - Axis of Bending
B1 XY - Plane of bending
A-A
Deflection A-A (Deflection profile )
profile

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 Part 1: Concept Structural design
Posikioning of Columns
1, Columns should preferably be located at or near the corhers of a buiLding and at
Ehe inkersection of beamsalls.
Basic function of columns is to support beams which are postkioned under Ehe
walls,
Columns placed at
tntersection of uwalls

Masonry
wall
Masonry
wall
Masonry
wall

Masonry wwall

PLAN VIEW

2. Avotd prajection of column outside wall

Projections of column outside the wall in the room should be avoided,
Bad appearance and obstruct Ehe use of floor.
Create problem in placing furnibure.
160mm wall thickness generally
used as standard practice
Note : Width of columns shall not
be less than 200mm to avoid
X Structure Pedia
slenderness
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 RCC RCC
Column Cantilever
Explanation Clause beam
22.2c and 22.2d IS 456
c) Cuntilever-The effective length of acantilcver
shall be taken as its length to the face of the d
support plus half the effective depth except
where it foms the end uf a continuous beam
where the length to the centre of support shall
be taken.
d) Frumes-In thc analysis ofacontinuousIrane,
L

Effective depth d
+
centrc to centrc distance shall be used.
Effective span = L+d/2
RCC
RCC Cankilever
Column. beam

B1 B2

Structure Pedia

Effective span for Beam B1 = L1' 3 L

Effective span for Beam B2 = L2
Effective span = Lt+8/2
Explanation Clause 22.2b Is 456 :
Effective span of continuous beam
b) Continuous Beam or Slab In the case of
continuous beam or slab, if the width of the
support is less than I/12 of the clear span, the
effective span shall be as in 22.2 (a). If the B<L/12, Follow
supports are wider than l/12 of the clear span 22.1a, simply
or 600 mm whichever is less, the effective span
shall be taken as under:
supported'
1) For end span with one end fixed and the
other continuous or for intermediate spans.
the effective span shall be the clear span
between supports;
2) Forend spun with onc cnd free and the olher B< min(L/12,600)
continuous, the effective span shall be equal Effective span = L
to the clcar span plus half the cffctive depth
of the beam or slab or the clear span plus
half the width of the discontinuous support,
whichever is less:
3) In the case of spans with roller or rocket
bearings, the effective span shall always he
the distance betwccn the centresof bearings. B< min(L/12,600)
Effective span =
Min( L+d/2, L+B/2)

8< min(L/12,600)
Effective span = L'
Explanation Clause 22.2 IS 456
22.2 ElTectlve Span
Struckurepedia
Unless oherwise specified, the effective span of a
member shall be as follows:
a) Simply Supported Beam or SlabThe effective
span of a member that is not built integrally with
its supports shall be taken as clear span plus the
efective depth of slab or beam or centre to centre
of suppots, whichever is less.
d is effective depth of beam STEeL
SECTION A

Effective span = minimum ( L+d, L+8)

For example, Beam supported over wall of widEh 230mm and has
effective depth of 4somm. Clear span of beam is 1om. Effective span?
Effective span = minimum (10+0,4$, 10+0,23/2+0,23/2) = 10,2Sm
Corner Cantilever Balcony
Beam
B1
Cantilever
Slab S4 Balcony
Slab
Beam
B2 F

Corner
y Slab S2 Cantilever
Cantilever Structure Pedia Balcony
Balcony
1. Slab S3 shall be supported by radial bars of
minimum 12mm diameter and anchored backusard
in slab s4.
2. Adiagonal bar EF provided above he rear ends of
radial bars and anchored in beams B1 and B2 below
top bars.