Math 30 – 1 – Final Exam Review Booklet Name:________________________________

Chapter 1 (Transformtions) Review

Multiple Choice 5. Given the graph of y  f (x), what is the

For #1 to #6, choose the best answer. invariant point under the transformation
y  f (2x)?
1. The graph y  f (x) contains the point (3, 4).
After a transformation, the point (3, 4) is
transformed to (5, 5). Which of the
following is a possible equation of the
transformed function?
A y  1  f (x  2)
B y  1  f (x  2)
C y  1  f (x  2)
D y  1  f (x  2)
2. The graph of y   x  is transformed by a A (1, 0) B (0,
1
)
vertical stretch by a factor of 3 about the 2
x-axis, and then a horizontal translation of C (1, 1) D (3, 1)
3 units left and a vertical translation up
6. What will the transformation of the graph of
1 unit. Which of the following points is on
y  f (x) be if y is replaced with y in the
the transformed function?
equation y  f (x)?
A (0, 0)
B (1, 3) A It will be reflected in the x-axis.
C (3, 1) B It will be reflected in the y-axis.
D (3, 1) C It will be reflected in the line y  x.
D It will be reflected in the line y  1.
3. The graph of y  x is vertically stretched
Short Answer
by a factor of 2 about the x-axis, then
reflected about the y-axis, and then 7. If the range of function y  f (x) is {y  y  4},
horizontally translated left 3. What is the state the range of the new function
equation of the transformed function? g(x)  f (x  2)  3.

A y  2 x  3 8. As a result of the transformation of the

graph of y  f (x) into the graph of
B y  2 x  3 y  3f (x  2)  5, the point (2, 5) becomes
C y  2 x  3 point (x, y). Determine the value of (x, y).
D y  2 x  3 9. The graph of f (x) is stretched horizontally
1
4. Which of the following transformations by a factor of about the y-axis and then
would produce a graph with the same 2
1
stretched vertically by a factor of about
x-intercepts as y  f (x)? 3
the x-axis. Determine the equation of the
A y  f (x)
transformed function.
B y  f (x)
C y  f (x  1) 10. A function f (x)  x2  x  2 is multiplied by
D y  f (x)  1 a constant value k to create a new function
g(x)  k f (x). If the graph of y  g(x) passes
through the point (3, 14), state the value
of k.
Extended Response
11. Sketch the graph of the inverse relation.
a) b)

12. The graphs of y  f (x) and y  g(x) are shown.

a) If the point (1, 1) on y  f (x) maps onto the point (1, 2) on y
 g (x), describe the transformation and state the equation
of g (x).

b) If the point (4, 2) on y  f (x) maps onto the point (1, 2) on y

 g (x), describe the transformation and state the equation
of g (x).

13.Consider the graph of the function y  f (x).

a) Describe the transformation of

y  f (x) to y  3f (2 (x  1))  4.

b) Sketch the graph.

14 . A function is defined by
f (x)  (x  2)(x  3).
a) If g(x)  kf (x), describe how k affects the y-intercept of the graph of the function
y  g(x) compared to y  f (x).
b) If h(x)  f (mx), describe how m affects the x-intercepts of the graph of the function y  h(x)
compared to y  f (x).
15. Complete the following for the quadratic function f (x)  x2  2x  1.
a) Write the equation of f(x) in the form
y  a(x  h)2  k.
b) Determine the coordinates of the vertex of x  f ( y).
c) State the equation of the inverse.
d) Restrict the domain of y  f (x) so that its inverse is a function.

Chapter 1 Review - Answers

1. D 2. C
3. A 4. A
5. B 6. A
7. { y | y  1, y  R}
8. (0, 20)
1
9. y  f (2 x)
3
10. k  3.5
11. a) b)

12. a) vertical stretch by a factor of 2 about the

x-axis; g ( x)  2 x
1
b) horizontal stretch by a factor of about the
4
y-axis; g ( x)  4 x
1
13. a) vertical stretch by a factor of 3 about x-axis, horizontal stretch by a factor of about the y-axis, reflection in
2
the y-axis, horizontal translation 1 unit right, vertical translation 4 units up
b)

14. a) y-intercept  6k; The original y-intercept is multiplied by the value of k.

2 3 1
b) x-intercept = , ; The original x-intercept is multiplied by the value of .
m m m
15. a) y  (x  1)2 b) (0, 1) c) y  1  x
d) x  1 or x  1
Chapter 2 (Radical Functions) Review

Multiple Choice What is the graph of y  f ( x) ?

For #1 to #5, choose the best answer.
A
1. Which radical function has a domain of
{x | x  2, x  R} and range of
{ y | y  3, y R} ?
A y 3  x 2
B y3 x2
C y 3 x2
D y3 x2 B

2. Given that the point (x, 4x2 ), x  0, is on the

function y  f (x), which of the following is
the point y  f ( x ) on?

A ( x , 4x2 )
B (x, 2x)
C (x, 2x2 )
D ( x , 2x)

3. The radical function y  f ( x ) has an C

x-intercept at 2. If the graph of the function is
1
stretched horizontally by a factor of about
2
the y-axis, what is the new x-intercept?
A 2 B 1
1 1
C D
2 4
4. This graph is of the function y  f (x).
D

What is the graph of y  f ( x) ?

A
 5. The point (4, 10) is on the graph of the 10. a) Describe the transformation of y  x
function f ( x)  k 3( x  1)  4. What is the to y  4  2 x  3.
value of k? b) State the domain and range of the
A 2 B 2 transformed function.
1 c) Explain how the graph of the
C 2 D
2 transformed function can be used to
Short Answer solve the equation 0  2 x  3  4.
6. The point (4, y) is on the graph of 11. The graph of f ( x )  x is stretched
f ( x)  x . The graph is transformed into vertically by a factor of 4, reflected in the
g (x) by a horizontal stretch by a factor of 2, y-axis, vertically translated up 3 units, and
a reflection about the x-axis, and a horizontally translated left 5 units. Write the
translation up 3 units. Determine the equation of the transformed function, g (x),
coordinates of the corresponding point on and sketch the graph.
the graph of g (x). 12. What real number(s) is exactly one third its
7. State the invariant point(s) when y  x2  25 square root?
is transformed into y  x2  25. 13. Mary solved the radical equation
x  1  3x  7 algebraically and
8. The graph of f (x)  2x is horizontally determined that the solution is x  3 and
translated 6 units left. State the equation of x  2. John solved the same equation
the translated function g (x). graphically. He sketched graphs of the
functions y  x  1 and y  3x  7, and
Extended Response
determined that the point of intersection
9. This graph is of the function y  f (x).
is (3, 4).
a) Determine the correct solution to the
equation x  1  3x  7.
b) Explain how Mary’s and John’s
solutions relate to the correct solution.

14. a) Solve 3 x  1  2 x 2  2.
b) Identify any restrictions on the variable.
c) Verify your solution.
15. On a clear day, the distance to the horizon,
a) Determine the equation of the graph in d, in kilometres, is given by d  12.7h ,
where h is the height above ground, in
the form f ( x)  b( x  h)  k . metres, from which the horizon is viewed.
b) Determine the equation in simplest form. If you can see a distance of 32.5 km from
the roof of a building, how tall is the
building, to the nearest tenth of a metre?
Chapter 2 – Review – Answers
1. A 
2. B 
3. B 
4. D 
5. B 
6. (8, y  3) or (8, 1) 
7. (5, 0), (5, 0) 
8. g ( x)  2( x  6) 

9. a) f ( x)  4( x  1)  2 b) g ( x)  2 x  1  2
10. a) vertical stretch by a factor of 2 about the
x-axis, translation down 4 units, translation right
3 units
b) domain: {x | x  3, x R} ;
range: { y | y  4, y  R}
c) The solutions to 0  2 x  3  4 are the
x-intercepts of the graph of y  2 x  3  4.
11. g ( x)  4 ( x  5)  3

1
12.
9
13. a) x  3 b) Example: Since Mary used an algebraic method, she must verify her answers . Only x  3 is a
solution. John determined the point of intersection, but only the x-coordinate of the point of intersection is the
solution.
1
14. a) x   , x  1 b) There are no restrictions on the variable.
7
15. 83.2 m
Chapter 3 Polynomial Functions Review

Multiple Choice
For #1 to # 4, choose the best answer.
1. The partial graph of a third-degree polynomial function of the form
P(x)  ax3  bx2  cx  d is shown.

Which statement about the values of a and d is correct?

A a  0 and d  0
B a  0 and d  0
C a  0 and d  0
D a  0 and d  0

2. Which polynomial function has zeros of 3, 1, and 2, and y-intercept  6?
A (x  3)(x  1)2 (x  2) B (x  3)(x  1)(x  2)
C (x  3)(x  1)(x  2) D (x  3)(x  1)(x  2)2

3. The partial graph of the function

P(x)  ax4  bx3  cx2  dx  e is shown.

Consider the following statements.

i) The y-intercept at point S is equal to the constant
e.
ii) a  0
iii) The multiplicity of the zero at point
T is 2.
A Only statement i) is true.
B Only statement ii) is true.
C Only statement iii) is true.
D All three statements are true.
 4. The graph of the function
f (x)  (x  4)(x  2)(x  6) is transformed
by a horizontal stretch by a factor of 2.
Which of these statements is true?
A The new zeros of the function are
12, 8, 4.
B The new zeros of the function are
3, 2, 1.
C The new y-intercept is 96.
D The new y-intercept is 24.

Short Answer
5. When f (x)  x3  7x2  kx  17 is divided by
x  5, the remainder is 2. Determine the value of k.

6. The partial graph of the third-degree polynomial function

P(x)  a(x  b)(x  c)(x  d) is shown. Determine the value of a.

7. If P(x)  x4  bx2  c, P(1)  9, and

P(3)  25, what are the values of b and c?

8. The volume of a box is represented by the function V(x)  x3  6x2  11x  6. The height of the box is
x  2. If the area of the base is 24 cm2 , determine the height
of the box.

9. Determine the largest possible solution to the polynomial equation

x3  10x2  33x  36.

10. Perform the division (x3  5x2  x  5) ÷ (x  2). Express the result in the
P( x) R
form  Q( x )  .
xa xa

11. Factor x4  13x2  12x completely.

12. The graph of y  x3  x2  cx  4 has an

x-intercept of 1. Determine the value of
c and the remaining x-intercepts.
13. Graph the function f (x)  x3  x2  10x  8. State the x-intercepts, y-intercepts, and the zeros of the
function. Determine the intervals where the function is positive and the intervals where the function
is negative.

14. The graph of the function f (x)  x3 is translated horizontally to create g(x). If the point (4, 8) is on
g(x), determine the equation of g(x).
1
15. The function f (x)  x4 is horizontally stretched by a factor of about the y-axis, reflected in the x-
2
axis, and translated vertically 1 unit up. Explain how the domain and range of f (x) are changed by the
transformation.

Chapter 3 – Review – Answers

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. k  7
1
6. a 
2
7. b  8, c  16
8. 5 cm
9. x  4
x  5x  x  5 9
3 2
10.  x 2  3x  7 
x2 x2
11. x(x  1)(x  3)(x  4)
12. c  4; x-intercepts: 2, 2
13.

x-intercepts: 4, 1, 2; y-intercept: 9; zeros: 4, 1, 2; positive intervals: (4, 1), (2, ); negative intervals: (,4), (1,
2)
14. g(x)  (x  2)3
15. The domain {x | x  R} does not change under this transformation. The range changes due to the reflection and
the translation; it changes from { y | y  0, y  R} to { y | y  1, y  R}.
Chapter 4 Trig Function / Unit Circle Review

Multiple Choice
For #1 to #5, choose the best answer.
7
1. What is the exact value of csc ?
4
 2 2
A B
2 2
C  2 D 2
12
2. Determine tan  if sin   and
13
cos   0.
 12 5
A B
5 12
5 12
C D
12 5

 
3. What are the coordinates of P 7 if P() is the point at the intersection of the terminal arm of angle
6
 and the unit circle?
  3 1   1  3 
A  B  ,
2 
, 
 2 2  2
 3 1  1 3 
C  ,  D  , 
 2 2  2 2 

4.Suppose tan2   tan   0 and 0    2. What does  equal?

 5 3 7 
A , B ,
4 4 4 4
 5 3 7
C 0, , , D 0, , ,
4 4 4 4

5. What is the general solution of the equation 2 cos   1  0 in degrees?

A 240  360n, 300  360n, n  I
B 60  360n, 300  360n, n  I
C 60  360n, 120  360n, n  I
D 120  360n, 240  360n, n  I

Short Answer
6. Convert to radian measure. State the method you used to arrive at your solution. Use each conversion
method at least once. Give answers as both exact and approximate measures to the nearest hundredth
of a unit.
a) 270 b) –540
c) 150 d) 240
 7. Convert the following radian measures to degree measure. State the method you used to arrive at
your solution. Use each conversion method at least once. Give answers as approximate measures to the
nearest hundredth of a unit.
7
a) 3.25 b) 0.40 c)  d) –5.35
4

9. Use the information in each diagram to determine the value of the variable. Give your answers to the
nearest hundredth of
a unit.
a) c)

b) d)

 
10. Determine the exact value of sin 2 5  2 cos (120) tan 7 .
6   4

11. Given that sin   0.3 and cos   0.5, determine the value of tan  to the nearest tenth.

3
12. If sin   , determine all possible coordinates of P() where the terminal arm of  intersects the
2
unit circle.

 3 1 
13. If P() =  ,  , what are the coordinates of P   ?
 2 2 2  

Extended Response
4
14. Consider an angle of radians.
5
a) Draw the angle in standard position.
b) Write a statement defining all angles that are coterminal with this angle.
15. The point (3a, 4a) is on the terminal arm of an angle in standard position. State the exact value of
the six trigonometric ratios.

16. Solve the equation sec2   2  0,     .

17. Consider the following trigonometric equations.
A 2 sin   3  0 B 2 cos   1  0 C 2 2 sin  cos   2 sin   6 cos   3  0
a) Solve equations A and B over the domain 0    .
b) Explain how you can use equations A and B to solve equation C, 0    .

Chapter 4 – Review – Answers

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D
3
6. a) Example: unitary method; ;  4.71
2
b) Example: proportion method; 3;  9.42
5
c) Example: unit analysis; ;  2.62
6
4
d) Example: unitary method; ;  4.19
3
7. a) Example: proportion method;  186.21°
b) Example: unitary method;  22.92°
c) Example: unit analysis; 315°
d) Example proportion method;  306.53°
9
8.
2
9. a)   133.69 or 2.33 b) a  31.85 cm c) r  6.99 m d) a  4.28 ft
3
10.
4
11. 0.6
 1 3   1 3 
12.  , ,  , 
 2 2  2 2 
1 3
13.  , 
2 2 

14. a)

4
b)  2n, n  I
5
15. sin   4 , cos   3 , tan   4 , csc   5 , sec   5 , cot   3
5 5 3 4 3 4
 
16.  ,
4 4
 2 
17. a) Equation A:   , ; Equation B:  
3 3 4
b) Equation C is the product of Equation A times Equation B (i.e., AB  C). Therefore, the solution to Equation C is
  2
the solutions to A and B:   , , .
4 3 3
Chapter 5 Trigonometric Graphs Review

Multiple Choice 4.Colin is investigating the effect of changing

For  1 to  4, select the best answer. the values of the parameters
a, b, c, and d in the equation
1. The minimum value of the function y  a sin b(  c)  d. He graphed the
f ()  a cos b(  c)  d, where a  0, function f (x)  sin . He then determined
can be expressed as that the transformation that does not
A ad B a dc change the x-intercepts is described by
d a A g ()  2 sin 
C d  |a| D
b B h ()  sin 2
2. Which of the following is the equation C r ()  sin (  2)
of the sine wave graphed below? D s ()  sin   2
Short Answer
5. The pedals on a bicycle have a maximum
height of 30 cm above the ground and a
minimum height of 8 cm above the
ground. Out for a ride, a cyclist pedals at a
constant rate of 20 cycles per minute.
Write an equation for this periodic
function in the form y  a sin (bt)  d.
6. Write the equation of a cosine function in
the form y  a cos b(x  c)  d, with an
amplitude of 2, period of 6, phase shift
of  units to the left, and translated 3 units
down.
7. State the amplitude and range for the
A y  8 sin  x  B y  8 sin  x 
1 1
graph of y  5 sin   3.
 4   2 
C y  8 sin (2x) D y  8 sin (4x) 8. a) What system of equations can be
solved using the graph below?
3. When the graph of y  sin  has been b) State one single equation that can be
transformed according to the directions solved using the graph. Then, give the
1 
y  sin  x   , the horizontal phase shift of general solution to the equation.
 6 2
the resultant graph is

A units to the right
12

B units to the left
2

C units to the right
2
D 3 units to the left
 9. Consider the graph of y  tan , where  is a) Sketch and label a graph of the bottle’s
measured in radians. distance below the pier for 15 s. Assume
a) What is the general equation of the that at t  0, the bottle is closest to the
asymptotes of the graph? bottom of the pier.
b) What are the domain and range of the b) Determine the period and the amplitude
graph of the function? of the function.
c) Which function would you consider to
10. A boat is travelling along a narrow river
be a better model of the situation, sine or
between two observers, as shown. The
cosine? Explain.
driver and both observers can hear the
boat’s motor, but the sound that each of d) Write the equation of the sine function
them hears is different, depending on their that models the bottle’s distance below
location in relation to the boat. The observer the pier.
in front of the boat hears a higher-pitched e) You can reach 0.9 m below the pier.
noise than the driver hears. The observer Use your equation to estimate the length
behind the boat hears a lower-pitched sound of time, to the nearest tenth of a second,
than the driver hears. that the bottle is within your reach during
one cycle.
f ) Write the cosine function for this
situation. Would your answer for part e)
change using this equation? Explain.
12. Two sinusoidal functions are shown in
the graph.

a) Suppose the sound of the boat is

modelled by a sinusoidal function.
Which characteristic—amplitude, period,
or range—varies among the three sound
waves?
b) Which parameter in the equation
y  a sin bt  d would change if all three
functions were graphed?
c) Which observer’s model equation would a) Which characteristics of the two graphs
have the largest value of the changing are the same?
parameter? b) Which parameters must change to
Extended Response transform the graph of f (x) to the graph
of g(x)?
11. You are sitting on a pier when you notice
a bottle bobbing in the waves. The bottle c) Determine the equation for each
of the graphs in the form
reaches 0.8 m below the pier, before
lowering to 1.4 m below the pier. The bottle y  a cos b(x  c)  d.
reaches its highest point every 5 s.
Chapter 5 – Review – Answers
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
2 
5. y  11sin  t   19
 3 
1
6. y  2 cos ( x  )  3
3
7. amplitude: 5; range: {y | –8  y  2, y  R}
8. a) y  2cos x and y  1
b) 2cos x  1; x  60°  360n, n  I, and
x  300°  360n, n  I

9. a) x   n n  I
2

b) domain:{ |    n  R, n  I}
2
range: { y | y  R}
10. a) period b) b c) Observer B
11. a)

b) amplitude is 0.3 m, period is 5 s

c) Ensure that answers are accompanied by an explanation. Example: Cosine curve may not have a phase shift if you
consider a negative a value (that is, a reflection in the x-axis).
2 
t    1.1
5
d) d  0.3 sin
5  4
e) 1.4 s
2
f ) d   0.3 cos t  1.1; Both equations model the same graph, so the result of the calculation would be the same.
5
12. a) amplitude, horizontal phase shift
b) period or b value, and horizontal central axis
or d value
c) f ( x)  6 cos 3x  6, g ( x)  6 cos x  2
Chapter 6 Trig Equations and Identities Review

 Multiple Choice
For  1 to 5, choose the best answer.

cot 2
1. Simplify the expression .
1  cot 2
A cos2   B sin2   C tan2   D sec2 

2. The value of (sin x cos x)2  sin 2x is

A 1 B 0 C 1 D 2

1  tan 2
3. The expression is equivalent to
1  tan 2
A cos 2  B sin 2  C cos2   D sin2 

4. If you simplify sin (  x)  sin (  x) it is

A 2 B 0 C 2 D not possible

5. Which of the following is not an identity?

A sec   cos   sin  tan   B 1  cos2   cos2  tan2 
cos  1  cos2
C csc   cos  tan   D cos2  
tan  2

 Short Answer
 5π 
6. Determine the exact value of sin    .
 12 

sin 2 x
7. Given  1.23. What is the value of cos x?
1  cos x

8. If 5  7 sin   2 cos2   0 on the domain 90    180, what is the value of ?

5 π
, determine the exact value of sin  θ   .
3π
9. If cosθ  , πθ
13 2  2

10. What single trigonometric function is equivalent to sin (3 y) cos 

y
 cos(3 y )sin   ?
y
 2   2

Extended Response
π
11. Consider the equation sin  x   csc x  1
 2 
π
a) Verify the equation is true for x  . b) Is the equation an identity? Explain.
2

12. Consider the equation

sin2 x  cos4 x  cos2 x  sin4 x.
a) Verify the equation for x  30. b) Prove the equation is an identity.
 tan x  sec x sin x
13. Consider the equation  .
cot x 1  sin x
a) State the non-permissible values on the domain 0  x  360.
b) Prove the equation is an identity algebraically.
14. Solve sin 2x  cos x  0 algebraically for the domain   x  .

15. Solve csc 2 x  4 cot2 x algebraically. State the general solution in radians.

Chapter 6 – Review – Answers

 6  2
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. 7. 0.23 8. 150
4

10. sin  
5 5y
9.
13  2

  Right side  csc x  1

Left side  sin  x  
 2 b) No; it is not true for all permissible

 csc  1 values of x.
11. a)    2
 sin   
2 2  11
 sin     0
 0

Left side  sin 2 x  cos 4 x Right side  cos 2 x  sin 4 x

 sin 2 30  cos 4 30  cos 2 30  sin 4 30
2
 3
4
 3
4
 1
2
12. a)  1    
    
 2  2  2   2
13 13
 
16 16

13. a) x  0, 90, 180, 270, 360

b) Example:

  5
14.  , ,
2 6 6

 2
15.   n,   n; n  I
3 3
Chapter 7 Exponential Functions Review
Multiple Choice 6. Which function(s) would you graph to solve


1 4x  3
For #1 to #6, choose the best answer.  x 1
the equation 16 2
 graphically.
1. What is the y-intercept for the graph of 2
y  b x  2 , b > 1? A y1  160.5 x, y2  0.54 x  3
1

1 4x  3

A B b 2 B y1  16 2x

1
b2 2


1 4x  3 1
C 2 D 2
C y1  1
x
b  16 2
2


2. In the equation y  b x, b > 1, x is replaced by 1
4x  3

x  3 and y is replaced by y  4. Which of D y1  4x, y2 

2
the following statements describes the
transformation? Short Answer
A The point (x, y) on the graph of y  bx has 7. Given the function f(x)  2x, match the graph
been transformed to the point (x  3, y  4). with the correction equation.
B The point (x, y) on the graph of y  bx has a) y  f(x) b) y  f(x)
been transformed to the point (x  3, y  4). c) y  f (x)
1
d) y  f(x)
C The graph of y  b x has been translated
4 units to the right and 3 units up. I
D The graph of y  b x has been translated
3 units to the left and 4 units down.
3. The graph of f(x)  a x, a > 1, is transformed
into g(x)  4a x  3  2. Which characteristic
remains the same?
A domain
B range
C x-intercept
D y-intercept
4. The graph of the function f(x)  3a x  2,
a > 0, has the same horizontal asymptote as
which of the following?
A y  f(x)  4 II
B y  f(x)  2
C y  f(x)  2
D y  f(x)  4
5. Mary was asked to solve for x and y in the
exponential equations 5x  3 y  1 and
1
25x  y  . Which of the following linear
5
equations would lead to a correct solution?
A x  3y  1, x  y  1
B x  3y  0, 2(x  y)  1
C x  3y  1, 2x  y  1
D x  3y  0, x  y  2
 III IV

8. The function f(x)  5(2x) is transformed by a translation 2 units right and 5 units down. The transformed
function passes through the point (x, 10). Determine the value of x.
9. What vertical translation would be applied to y  4(3x) so that the translation image passes through
(2, 37)?
10. Solve for x.

   
x x  2 x
9 64
a) 3 2  81 3 b) 
16 27
Extended Response
11. You are given the functions y 2x and
y  2(2x)  3.
a) Sketch the graphs of the functions on the same grid.
b) Describe the transformation from
y  2x to y  2(2x)  3.
c) State the range and the equation of the horizontal asymptote for each function.
d) Determine the value of y when x  400 for each function. Explain how these results relate to your
answers to part c).

12. Consider the graph of the functions f and g.

a) Determine the equation of the
transformed function g(x).
b) Describe the transformation of f(x) to
g(x).
c) Use the graphs to solve the
equation f(x)  g(x), to the nearest
hundredth.
13. A single cell of the bacterium E. coli would, under ideal circumstances, divide every 20 minutes.
a) If a culture begins with 1 bacterium, write the equation for the number of bacteria after n
minutes.
b) Determine, to the nearest minute, the time it takes for the culture to grow to 1024 bacteria.
c) If each bacterium has a mass of roughly 1012 g, what is the mass of the bacteria after 1 day, to the
nearest kg?
14. A town had a population of 2200 people in 1990. Each year the population has decreased by 10%.
a) Write an equation to represent the population of the town.
b) What will the population be in the year 2020?
c) When will the population be less than 50 people?

Chapter 7 – Review – Answers

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A
7. a) III b) I c) II d) IV
8. x = 2
9. vertical translation up 1 unit
10. a) 9 b) 4
11. a)

b) vertical stretch by a factor of 2 about the x-axis, and a vertical translation down 3
c) y  2x: range is y  0, horizontal asymptote is y  0;
y  2(2x)  3: range is y  3, horizontal asymptote is y  3
d) When x  400, y  2400  0 and
y  2(2400 ) 3  3, both of which correspond to each function's horizontal asympote. These values of x are so large
that the y-values are extremely close to the same value as the horizontal asymptote. However, the calculator rounds
off the value.
12. a) g(x)  2x  4  2
b) horizontal translation right 4, vertical translation up 2
c) x  1.09
 n
13. a) A  1 2 20 , where A is the number of bacteria, and n is the time, in minutes.
b) 200 min
c) 4 722 366 kg
14. a) P  2200(0.9)n , where n  years since 1990 and P  population
b) 93
c) 36 years after 1990: 2026
Chapter 8 Logarithmic Functions Review

Multiple Choice
For #1 to 6, select the best answer.
1. The graph of f (x)  logb x, b > 1, is translated such that the equation of the new graph is expressed as
y  2  f (x  1). The domain of the new function is
A {x | x > 0, x  R} B {x | x > 1, x  R} C {x | x > 2, x  R} D {x | x > 3, x  R}
2. The x-intercept of the function f (x)  log5 x  3 is
A 53 B 0 C 1 D 53
1
3. The equation y  log 2 x can also be written as
3
x y
A y2 3 B x  23 C 23 x  y D 23 y  x
4. The range of the inverse function, f 1 , of
f (x)  log4 x, is
A { y | y > 0, y  R} B { y | y < 0, y  R} C { y | y ≥ 0, y  R} D { y | y  R}
5. A graph of the function y  log3 x is transformed. The image of the point (3, 1) is (6, 3). The
equation of the transformed function is
A y  3 log3 (x  3) B y  3 log3 (x  3) C y  3  log3 (x  3) D y  3  log3 (x  3)

6. If log27 x  y, then log9 x equals

3y 2y
A B C 3y D 4y
2 3

Short Answer
1
7. If log3 5  x, express 2log3 45  log3 225 in terms of x.
2
8. Determine the value of x algebraically.
2
a) log4 x  3 b) log x 64  c) 5log5 25  x
3
d) log3 (x  1)2  2 e) log2 (logx 256)  3

9. Solve for x.
a) log (2x  3)  log (x  2)  log (2x  1)
b) log (x  7)  log (x  3)  log (2x  1)
c) 2 log2 (x  4)  log2 x  1
10. The point (6, 4) lies on the graph of y  logb x. Determine the value of b to the nearest tenth.

Extended Response
11. Solve the equation 5x  104, graphically and algebraically. Round your answer to the nearest
hundredth.
12. Given f (x)  log3 x and g(x)  log3 9x.
a) Describe the transformation of f (x) required to obtain g(x) as a stretch.
b) Describe the transformation of f (x) required to obtain g(x) as a translation.
c) Determine the x-intercept of f (x). How can the x-intercept of g(x) be determined using your answer
to parts a) or b)?
 log 4 (3x  1)
13. Explain how the graph of y   1 can be generated by transforming the graph of
2
y  log4 x.

14. Identify the following characteristics of the graph of the function y  2 log4 (x  1)  3
a) the equation of the asymptote
b) the domain and range
c) the x-intercept and the y-intercept

15. An investment of $2000 pays interest at a rate of 3.5% per year. Determine the number of months
required for the investment to grow to at least $3000 if interest is compounded monthly.
16. Radioactive iodine-131 has a half-life
of 8.1 days. How long does it take for
the level of radiation to reduce to 1%
of the original level? Express your answer to the nearest tenth.

Chapter 8 – Review – Solutions

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. x3
1
8. a) b) 512 c) 25 d) 4, 2 e) 2
64
9. a) 3.5 b) no solution c) 8
10. 0.6
11. 2.89
1
12. a) horizontal stretch by a factor of about the y-axis
9
b) vertical translation 2 units up
1 1
c) x-intercept of f (x) is 1; the x-intercept of g(x) is , since g(x) is a result of a horizontal stretch by a factor of
9 9
1 1
13. vertical stretch by a factor of about the x-axis, a horizontal stretch by a factor of about the y-axis, a
2 3
1
horizontal translation units right, and a vertical translation 1 unit up
3
7
14. a) x  1 b) domain: {x  x  1, x  R}; range: { y  y  R} c) x   , y 3
8
15. 140 months
16. 53.8 days
Chapter 9 Radical Functions Review

Multiple Choice 5. Which of the following is true of the

3
For #1 to #8, choose the best answer. rational function y  6?
k x2
1. The x-intercept of y   2 is 0.5. What A It has a zero at x  2.
x 1
is the value of k? B Its range is {yy  R}.
6x  9
A 1.0 B 1.5 C It is equivalent to y  .
C 2.5 D 3.0 x2
2x D It has a vertical asymptote at x  6.
2. Consider the function g ( x)  . Which 6. The graph of which function has a point of
1 x 2

statement is false? discontinuity at x  1?

A g(x) has two vertical asymptotes. x 1 x 1
A y B y
B g(x) is not defined when x  0. x 1
2
x2  1
C g(x) has one zero. x2  1 x2  1
D g(x) is a rational function. C y D y
x 1 x 1
3. Consider the functions f(x)  x  x2, g(x)  2x  1, 7. Which function has a domain of
f ( x) {xx  1, x  R} and a range of
and h( x)  . Which statement is true? {yy  3, y  R}?
g ( x)
A f(x), g(x), and h(x) have the same domain. x 3x2  3x
A y 3 B y
B The zero of f(x) is the vertical asymptote x 1 x2  4 x  3
of h(x). 3x 3x2
C The non-permissible value of h(x) is the C y D y
x 1 x2  x
zero of g(x).
8. How many roots does the equation
D h(x) is equivalent to y  0.5x  0.25.
8 1
4. Consider the following graph of the function 1 have?
x  16
2
x4
2x  1 A 0 B 1
f ( x)  .
xr C 2 D 3
Short Answer
9. a) Sketch the graph of the function
x2
y .
x2  4
b) Identify the domain, range, and
asymptotes of the function.
c) Explain the behaviour of the function as
the value of |x| becomes very large.
10. a) Sketch the graph of the function
2
y  1.
x5
b) State the values of the x-intercept and
y-intercept.
What is the value of r? 2
c) Solve 0   1 algebraically.
A 3 B 2 x5
C 2 D 3 d) How is your answer to part c) related to
your answers to parts a) and b)?
11. Select the graph that matches the given function.
2 2 2
a) y  5 b) y   3 c) y  3
( x  3) 2
( x  5) 2
( x  5)2
C
A B
Chapter 10 Function Operations Review

Multiple Choice Short Answer

For #1 to #5, select the best answer. 6. Given f (x)  x and g(x)  4  x, match
1. From the graph, what is the value of (f  g)(2)? the combined function in set A with the
graph in set B.
Set A
i) ( f  g)(x) ii) ( f  g)(x)
 f
iii) f(x)g(x) iv)   ( x )
 g
Set B
A.

A 3 B0 C 2 D 4
2. Given f (x)  x2  2 and g(x)  x  5, which
equation represents h(x)  ( f  g)(x)?
A h(x)  2x2  5 B h(x)  x2  x  3
C h(x)  x  x  5
2
D h(x)  x2  2x  5
3. Let f (x)  x  1 and g(x)  x2  1. Determine B.
 f
the non-permissible values of y    ( x ) .
  g
A 1 B 1 C 1 D none

4. If f (x)  3 x  1 and g(x)  x2 , which is the

f ( x)
domain of m( x )  ?
g ( x)
A {x | x  0, x  R} B {x | x  0, x  R} C.
 1   1 
C x x  , x R D x x  , x R
 3   3 
5. Consider the functions f (x)  x2  2 and
g(x)   x  1 . Which statement is true?
f ( x)
A  0, x  1 B f (x)  g(x)  0
g ( x)
C f (x)  g(x) D (g  f ) (x)  1 D.
 1 1
8. Given the functions f (x)  and g ( x)  , determine the equation of the combined function h(x).
x x 1
Then state the domain of h(x).
 f
a) h(x)  (f  g)(x) b) h(x)  (f  g)(x) c) h(x)  f(x)g(x) d) h(x)    ( x )
 g
9. Let f (x)  x  1, g(x)  x2  1, and h(x)  1  x. Determine each equation.
a) q(x)  f (x)  h(x) b) p(x)  g(f (x))

10. Find two functions, f (x) and g(x), such that f (g(x))  (2x  3)2  5.

Extended Response
11. Consider the functions f (x)  x2 and g(x)  2x.
f ( x)
a) Determine the equation of h( x )  , and state the domain of h(x).
g ( x)
b) How does the graph of h(x) behave for large values of x?

12. Assume f (x)  x and g(x)  |x|.

3 f ( x)  g ( x)
a) Determine the equation of h( x )  .
f ( x)
b) Sketch the graph of h(x). c) State the domain and range of h(x).

13. If f (x)  x2 and h(x)  x  1, then g(x)  3( f (h(x)))  5.

a) Determine an equation for g(x). b) Describe g(x) as a transformation of f (x).
1
14. Let h(x)  cos x and g(x)  . Determine the composite functions h(g(x)) and g(h(x)), the domain
x

Chapter 10 – Review – Answers

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. i) D ii) A iii) B iv) C 7. a) 5 b) 1 c) 1 d) 3
2x  1 1 1
8. a) h ( x )  2
; {x | x  0, 1; x  R} b) h ( x )  2
; {x | x  0, 1; x  R} c) h ( x )  2
; {x | x  0, 1;}
x x x x x x
x 1
d) h ( x )  ; {x | x  0, 1; x  R} 9. a) q(x)  2 b) p(x)  x2  2x  2 10. f (x)  x2  5; g(x)  2x  3
x
2
x
11. a) h ( x )  x
;xR b) as x increases, h(x) approaches 0
2
3x  | x |
12. a) h( x) 
x
b)
13. a) g(x)  3(x  1)2  5 or g(x)  3x2  6x  2
b) vertically stretched by a factor of 3 about the x-axis, translated left 1
and translation down 5
 1
14. a) h ( g ( x ))  cos  ; domain: {x | x  0, x  R}
 x 
b)

c) domain: {x | x  0, x  R};
range: {y | y  2, 4; y  R}
g (h( x))  secx ;domain:  x|x
π
2
 πn, n  I, x  R 
Chapter 11 Permutations and Combinations Review

Multiple Choice number of combinations of n different

For # 1 to #6, choose the best answer. elements taken r at a time.
B The number of permutations of n different
1. The number of 3-digit numbers, with repeats, elements taken r at a time is greater than
that are multiples of 5 and less than 600 that the number of combinations of n different
can be formed from the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, elements taken r at a time.
and 9 is C The number of permutations of n different
A 6 B 9 C 15 D 25 elements taken r at a time is less than or
equal to the number of combinations of n
different elements taken r at a time.
2. The grid shows the roads from point A to
point C. D The number of permutations of n different
elements taken r at a time is greater than or
equal to the number of combinations of n
different elements taken r at a time.

Short Answer
7. For a graduation ceremony, there are 8 people
sitting on stage in one row. If the master of
ceremonies must sit on the far left and the
valedictorian must sit next to the principal,
If the only allowed directions are south and how many arrangements are possible?
east, the number of pathways from point A to
point C that do not pass through point B is 8. A pizzeria advertises that it has 12 toppings.
9! 9! How many different pizzas can be made with
A  5!4! B  5!3!
5!4! 5!4! 0 to 5 toppings? Assume each topping can be
9! 5! 9! 5! chosen only once per pizza.
C  D 
5!4! 4! 5!4! 3!
9. Assume that a handshake takes 6 s. How
long, in minutes, does it take for all 45
3. The number of different arrangements of the students in a graduating class to shake hands
letters of the word CONFERENCE is with each other, if everyone shakes hands
10! 10! 10! 10! once with every other person in the class?
A B C D
3!4! 3! 2!3! 2!2!3! 10. Arrange the following expressions from least
in value to greatest:
4. If nP3 = 2(nC4), then nC6 equals  6!  14 P3
7C3, 6P4, 3 
 2!4! 13 C2
,
A 1716 B 3003 C 5005 D 8008

11. Solve for n: n C5  n C7

5. Given that the first 4 terms of a row in
Pascal’s triangle are 1, 9, 36, and 84, which of 12. Determine the value of the term independent
the following is equivalent to the middle term 5
 1
of the next row? of x in the expansion of  3 x 2  3  .
A 10C6 B 2(10C5) C 2(9C6) D 9C4 + 9C5  x 

6. Which of the following statements is always

correct?
A The number of permutations of n different
elements taken r at a time is less than the
Continued top of next column >>
Extended Response
13. Mary is packing for her trip. She laid out her
clothes and drew the following diagram.

a) How many different outfits are possible?

b) Mary decides to add one more top and
one more bottom. How many more outfits
are possible?

14. Three students were selected from the

23 grade 12 students to be the president,
vice-president, and secretary of the student
council. Three other students from the
38 grade 10 and grade 11 students were also
selected to be on the council.
a) Determine the total number of ways that
the 6 members of the student council can
be selected.
b) Explain why both permutations and
combinations are needed to answer
part a).
15. Solve for n algebraically: 126(nC3) = n + 1P5.
16. The social justice group is comprised of
4 grade 10 students, 5 grade 11 students, and
6 grade 12 students. Determine how many
ways a committee of 5 students can be
selected if
a) there are no restrictions.
b) there are exactly 2 grade 12 students on
the committee.
c) there are at most 2 grade 12 students on
the committee.
17. Consider the expansion of (x + y)6 .
a) State the coefficients in the expansion of
(x + y)6 using Pascal’s triangle.
b) State the coefficients in the expansion of
(x + y)6 using combinations.
c) Use the answer from part a) or part b) to
expand (2x – 3y2 )6 . Simplify the result.