RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

M.C.Q.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION:

1) Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by nRm if n divides m. Then R is
(A) Reflexive and symmetric (B) Transitive and symmetric
(C) Equivalence (D) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
2) Let N be the set of all natural numbers and the function𝒇 ∶ 𝑵 → 𝑵 be defined by
𝒇(𝒏) = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟑 ∀𝒏 ∈ 𝑵. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒇 𝐢𝐬
(A) Surjective (B) Injective (C) Bijective (D) None of these
3) Set A has 3 elements . Then the number of onto mapping that can be defined on itself is
(A) 3 (B) 12 (C) 6 (D) 64
4) Consider the set A ={1, 2, 3} , then total number of reflexive relations defined on it is
(A) 512 (B) 8 (C) 1 (D) NONE
5) The domain of the function 𝒇 ∶ 𝑹 → 𝑹 defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 is
(A) (−∞, 𝟏] ∪ [𝟐, ∞) (B) [1, 2] (C) (1, 2) (D) NONE
6) Consider the set A containing n elements. Then, the total number of injective functions from A
onto itself is

(A) n (B) n! (C) 2n (D) NONE

7. The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = { a, b, c } is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

8. Which of the following is not an equivalence relation on Z ?

(A) 𝒂𝑹𝒃 ⇔ 𝒂 + 𝒃 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓 (B) 𝒂𝑹𝒃 ⇔ 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓

(C ) 𝒂𝑹𝒃 ⇔ 𝒂 < 𝑏 (D) 𝒂𝑹𝒃 ⇔ 𝒂 = 𝒃

9. Let L denote the set of all straight lines in a plane . Let a relation R be defined by 𝒍 𝑹 𝒎 iff

𝒍 𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝒎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒍 , 𝒎 ∈ 𝑳. Then R is

(A) reflexive (B) symmetric (C) transitive (D) none of these

𝒂𝒙
10. Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙+𝟏 , 𝒙 ≠ −𝟏. Then for what value of 𝒂 is f( f(x) ) = x ?

(A) √2 (B) -√2 (C) 1 (D) -1

𝟐𝒙, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 > 3
11. 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 be defined as 𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒊𝒇 𝟏 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝟑𝒙, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏

Then , find f(-1) + f(2) + f(4)

(A) 9 (B) 14 (C) 5 (D) NONE OF THESE

12. If g(x) = x2 + x – 2 and ½ {gof(x)} = 2x2 – 5x + 2, then f(x) is equal to

(A) 2x – 3 (B) 2x + 3 (C) 2 x2 + 3x + 1 (D) 2 x2 - 3x - 1

13. The function 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔|𝒙| is

(A) one-one and onto (B) one-one and into (C) many-one and onto (D) many-one and into

14. Which of the following functions from Z to Z are bijections?

(A) f(x) = x3 (B) f(x) = x + 2 (C) f(x) = 2x + 1 (D) f(x) = x2 + x

15. If f(x) = x2 and g(x) = 2x . Then the solution set of the equation fog (x) = gof (x) is

(A) R (B) {0} (C) {0 , 2} (D) none of these

16. The domain of the function 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 − [𝒙] is

(A) R (B) Z (C) [1, 2] (D) none of these

17. Let 𝒇: [𝟐, ∝) → 𝑷 be defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 . Then, f is invertible, if P =

(A) [𝟐, ∝) (B) (−∝, 𝟐] (C) (−∝, 𝟒] (D) [𝟒, ∝)

18. The function 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 is

(A) one-one and onto (B) one-one and into (C) neither one-one nor onto (D) none of these

19. For real numbers x and y, define xRy iff x – y + √2 is an irrational number. Then the relation R
is

(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric (C) Transitive (D) none of these

20. R is a relation from {11,12,13 } to {8, 10, 12} defined by y = x – 3 . 𝑹−𝟏 is

(A) {(8, 11), (10,13) } (B) { (11,8), (13,10) } (C) {(10,13), (8,11), (8,10) } (D) none of these

ANSWER KEY FOR M.C.Q.

1 D 6 B 11 A 16 A
2 B 7 D 12 A 17 C
3 C 8 C 13 B 18 C
4 A 9 B 14 B 19 A
5 A 10 D 15 C 20 A
 LEVEL--1

Answer the following :

1. If 𝑹 = {(𝒙, 𝒚): 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖} is a relation on N, write the range of R.

Ans : {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑}

2. Set A has 3 elements and set B has 4 elements. Find the number of injective mappings that can be
defined from A to B.

Ans: 𝟒! = 𝟐𝟒

3. Let 𝒇 ∶ 𝑹 → 𝑹 be defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏. Find the set of pre-images of 17 and - 3.

Ans : {4, – 4 }, ∅

4. Consider the set A = {1, 2, 3} the find the smallest equivalence relation R on A.

Ans: R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}

5. Show that the relation S in the set of real numbers, defined

As 𝑺 = {(𝒂, 𝒃): 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ 𝑹, 𝒂 ≤ 𝒃𝟑 } is neither reflexive, nor symmetric nor transitive.

6. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on 𝑵 × 𝑵 defined by
(𝒂, 𝒃)𝑹(𝒄, 𝒅) 𝐢𝐟 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 . Show that R is an equivalence relation on 𝑵 × 𝑵.

7. Let A ={ 1, 2, 3 } , then show that number of relations containing ( 1, 2) and ( 2, 3 ) which are reflexive
and transitive but not symmetric is three.

8. Let R be a relation defined on N as R = { ( x,y): x, y ∈ 𝑵, 2x + y = 41} Find the domain and range of R.
9. Show that the relation R on A = { x : x ∈ Z, 0 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟐 } given by
R = { ( a, b ) : | a-b| is a multiple of 4 } is an equivalence relation .Also find the equivalence class [ 1].

10. Prove that relation R on N× 𝑵 defined by (a,b) R(c,d) ⇔a + d = b + c, ∀ (a,b), ( c,d) ∈ N×N . Also
find the equivalence class [ ( 2, 3)].

11. Show that the relation R , on A of all polygons as R = { ( P1 , P2 ) : P1 and P2 have same number of
sides } is an equivalence relation . What the the set of all elements in A related to right angled triangle T
with sides 3 , 4 and 5 ?

12. Function f: Q→ Q , defined as f(x) = 4x – 5 is bijective. ?

𝒙−𝟐
13. Prove that f ; R – {3] → R – { 1} , defined as f(x) = bijective.
𝒙−𝟑

14. Prove that f : R+ → ( -5 , ∞ ) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5 is bijective .

15. Let L be the set of all lines in XY-plane and R be the relation in R be the relation in L defined as

R = { (L1, L2) : L1 is parallel to L2 }. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all lines

related to the line y = 2x + 4.

LEVEL-2

1. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on 𝑵 × 𝑵 defined by
(𝒂, 𝒃)𝑹(𝒄, 𝒅) 𝐢𝐟 𝒂𝒅(𝒃 + 𝒄) = 𝒃𝒄(𝒂 + 𝒅). Show that R is an equivalence relation on 𝑵 × 𝑵.

√𝟓𝟒+𝟓𝒚−𝟑
2. Prove that f : R+ → [-9 , ∞ ) given by f(x) = 5x2 + 6x – 9 is invertible with 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒚) = .
𝟓

𝟏𝟎𝒙 −𝟏𝟎−𝒙
3. 𝑰𝒇 𝒇: 𝑹 → (−𝟏, 𝟏) 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟎𝒙+𝟏𝟎−𝒙 is invertible, find 𝒇−𝟏 .

𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
Ans: 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 (𝟏−𝒙)

4. 𝑰𝒇 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 be a function given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 for all 𝒙 ∈ 𝑹. Find the constants 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃

Such that 𝒇𝒐𝒇 = 𝑰𝑹 .

Ans: EITHER a = 1 and b = 0 OR a = -1 and b can take any real value .

5. 𝑰𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇: [𝟏, ∞) → [𝟏, ∞) 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙(𝒙−𝟏) 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙).

𝟏+√𝟏+𝟒𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝒙
Ans: 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟐