EMILIO AGUINALDO

FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964) was a prominent Filipino revolutionary leader and politician who
played a pivotal role in the fight for Philippine independence from Spanish colonial rule. Born on March
22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines, Aguinaldo emerged as a leader during the Philippine Revolution
(1896-1898) against Spanish colonial forces. He became the president of the revolutionary government
and on June 12, 1898, he declared Philippine independence, establishing the First Philippine Republic.
However, the Philippines was ceded to the United States through the Treaty of Paris in 1898, leading to
the Philippine-American War (1899-1902). Aguinaldo continued to resist American forces, but ultimately
surrendered in 1901. He later transitioned to politics, serving as the first President of the Philippines from
1899 to 1901. Despite his complex legacy, Aguinaldo is remembered as a significant figure in Philippine
history, recognized for his contributions to the nation's struggle for independence. He passed away on
February 6, 1964, leaving behind a legacy of leadership and resistance in the pursuit of Philippine
sovereignty.
 MANUEL L. QUEZON
2ND PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1944) was a prominent Filipino statesman and leader in the fight
for Philippine independence from American colonial rule. Born on August 19, 1878, in Baler,
Quezon played a vital role in Philippine politics during the early 20th century. He served as the
first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944, a transitional period
leading up to full independence. Quezon was known for his efforts to strengthen the Filipino
national identity and promote cultural pride. He also worked towards social and economic
reforms, advocating for education and public welfare. Tragically, Quezon's tenure was marked by
the outbreak of World War II, during which the Philippines fell under Japanese occupation.
Despite facing adversity, Quezon remained committed to the cause of Philippine independence.
He passed away in exile on August 1, 1944, leaving behind a legacy as a pioneering figure in the
country's pursuit of self-governance. The province of Quezon was named in his honor.
 JOSE B. LAUREL Jr.
3RD PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Jose B. Laurel Jr. (1912-1998) was a Filipino politician and lawyer who played a significant role
in Philippine history. Born on March 9, 1912, in Tanauan, Batangas, he was the son of Jose P. Laurel, who
served as the President of the Japanese-occupied Philippines during World War II. Following in his father's
footsteps, Laurel Jr. became a lawyer and entered politics. He served as a member of the Philippine House
of Representatives and later as a Senator in the 1950s. Despite his association with the wartime Japanese
occupation, Laurel Jr. eventually distanced himself from his father's controversial legacy. He sought to
rebuild his political career and contributed to the post-war reconstruction efforts in the Philippines. Over
time, Laurel Jr. emerged as a respected legal scholar and educator, teaching law at various universities. He
passed away on August 12, 1998, leaving behind a complex legacy shaped by his familial ties and his
contributions to Philippine law and politics.
 SERGIO OSMEÑA
4TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Sergio Osmena (1878-1961) was a prominent Filipino statesman and leader in the struggle
for Philippine independence. Born on September 9, 1878, in Cebu City, Osmena played a crucial role in
Philippine politics during the early 20th century. He served as the first Speaker of the Philippine House of
Representatives and later as a Senator in the Commonwealth government. Osmena was known for his
dedication to public service, advocating for social and economic reforms. He played a key role in the
drafting of the 1935 Philippine Constitution, which established the Commonwealth of the Philippines in
preparation for eventual independence from American colonial rule. Osmena's leadership extended
through the tumultuous years of World War II, during which he continued to work towards the liberation
of the Philippines from Japanese occupation. After the war, he served as the first President of the
independent Third Republic from 1944 to 1946. Osmena's legacy is marked by his significant contributions
to the formation and early governance of the independent Philippines. He passed away on October 19,
1961, leaving behind a lasting impact on the nation's history and politics.
 Manuel Acuña Roxas
5TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Manuel Acuña Roxas (1892-1948) was a prominent Filipino statesman and political leader who
played a significant role in the early years of the independent Philippines. Born on January 1, 1892, in Capiz
(now Roxas City), Roxas was a distinguished lawyer before entering politics. He rose to prominence as a
member of the National Assembly and later became the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Roxas
served as a key figure in the transition from American colonial rule to Philippine independence, being
appointed as the first President of the independent Third Republic in 1946. During his tenure, he focused
on post-war reconstruction efforts and economic recovery. Roxas was instrumental in negotiating the Bell
Trade Act with the United States, which provided economic assistance to the Philippines. Tragically, he
passed away on April 15, 1948, during his presidency, leaving behind a legacy as a dedicated leader
committed to the nation's growth and development in the challenging aftermath of World War II. Roxas
City, the provincial capital of Capiz, was named in his honor.
 Elpidio Rivera Quirino
6TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Elpidio Rivera Quirino (1890-1956) was a Filipino statesman who served as the sixth
President of the Philippines, holding office from 1948 to 1953. Born on November 16, 1890, in
Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Quirino's political career began in the early 1920s when he was elected as a
representative in the Philippine Congress. He later served as a Senator and Vice President under
President Manuel Roxas. Quirino assumed the presidency upon Roxas' passing and led the
country through a period of post-World War II recovery and reconstruction. His administration
focused on economic stability, agrarian reform, and infrastructure development. However, it also
faced challenges such as political unrest and corruption allegations. Despite these difficulties,
Quirino's presidency saw significant achievements in nation-building efforts. He was known for
his amiable personality and dedication to public service. Quirino passed away on February 29,
1956, leaving behind a legacy as a leader who guided the Philippines towards recovery and
progress in the aftermath of a turbulent period in its history.
 Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr.
7TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. (1907-1957) was a highly revered Filipino statesman known for
his dedication to public service and his efforts to combat corruption and promote social justice. Born on
August 31, 1907, in Iba, Zambales, Magsaysay had a distinguished military career before entering politics.
He rose to prominence as a guerilla leader during World War II, earning him the nickname "The Champion
of the Masses." Magsaysay later transitioned to civilian life and held various government positions,
including Secretary of National Defense. In 1953, he was elected as the third President of the Philippines,
serving until his untimely death in a plane crash in 1957. Magsaysay's presidency was marked by his
emphasis on clean governance, efficient public service, and his close connection with the common people.
He implemented reforms to address corruption and promote accountability in the government.
Magsaysay's legacy endures as a symbol of integrity and genuine concern for the welfare of the Filipino
people, earning him a place among the most beloved leaders in Philippine history.
 Carlos Polistico Garcia
8TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Carlos Polistico Garcia (1896-1971) was a Filipino lawyer, educator, and statesman who served as
the eighth President of the Philippines from 1957 until his untimely death in 1961. Born on November 4,
1896, in Talibon, Bohol, Garcia initially pursued a career in law before entering politics. He held various
government positions, including Congressman and Senator, where he advocated for nationalist policies
and economic self-sufficiency. As President, Garcia emphasized the "Filipino First Policy," which aimed to
prioritize Filipino businesses and industries over foreign interests. He sought to promote economic
independence and self-reliance, and his administration implemented various programs to support local
industries. Garcia's tenure was also marked by initiatives to improve education, infrastructure, and public
services. His presidency was cut short by his passing on June 14, 1971, but his dedication to Filipino
economic and cultural independence remains a significant part of his legacy. Talibon, Bohol, where he was
born, commemorates his memory through a museum and annual celebration.
 Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr.
9TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILLIPINES

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (1910-1997) was a Filipino lawyer, diplomat, and politician who
served as the ninth President of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965. Born on September 28, 1910, in Lubao,
Pampanga, Macapagal had a distinguished career in law before entering politics. He served in various
government positions, including as a member of the Philippine House of Representatives and as a Senator.
Macapagal is perhaps best known for his efforts to rectify the date of Philippine independence. He
successfully campaigned to move Independence Day from July 4 (which marked the grant of independence
by the United States) to June 12 (which commemorates the declaration of independence from Spanish
colonial rule in 1898). This move aimed to emphasize Filipino nationalism and the country's true history
of independence. Macapagal also worked to improve diplomatic relations and played a key role in
establishing the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO). After his presidency, he continued to be
active in public service and international affairs. Macapagal passed away on April 21, 1997, leaving behind
a legacy as a dedicated leader who worked to uphold Filipino sovereignty and promote regional
cooperation in Southeast Asia.
 Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr.
10TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (1917-1989) was a Filipino politician who served as the
10th President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Born on September 11, 1917, in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte,
Marcos initially pursued a career in law before entering politics. He was known for his charisma and
political savvy, which helped him rise to power. However, his presidency became increasingly marked by
authoritarian rule, as he declared martial law in 1972, effectively establishing a dictatorship. During his
rule, there were allegations of widespread human rights abuses, corruption, and embezzlement of state
funds. The country's economy also faced significant challenges, and the Philippines became heavily
indebted. Marcos and his wife, Imelda, were known for their extravagant lifestyles, which contrasted
sharply with the economic struggles faced by many Filipinos.

Marcos's presidency came to an end in 1986 during the People Power Revolution, a non-violent mass
protest that led to his ousting from power. He and his family were forced into exile in the United States,
where Marcos died on September 28, 1989. Despite his early promise, Marcos's legacy remains
controversial due to the human rights abuses and corruption associated with his rule. The Philippines
continues to grapple with the consequences of his authoritarian regime to this day.
 Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino CCLH
11TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (1933-2009) was a prominent Filipino

Ninoy's death galvanized the opposition against the authoritarian rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. Cory
emerged as a symbol of the anti-Marcos movement and was thrust into politics, eventually becoming the
standard-bearer for the united opposition in the 1986 snap presidential elections. Her leadership and the
People Power Revolution, a non-violent mass protest, led to the ousting of Marcos and the restoration of
democracy in the Philippines.

Cory Aquino's presidency (1986-1992) was marked by efforts to restore democratic institutions, enact
constitutional reforms, and address social and economic challenges. Her administration faced numerous
coup attempts, but she maintained her commitment to democratic principles. After leaving office, she
continued to be active in public service and advocacy until her passing on August 1, 2009. Cory Aquino is
remembered as an iconic figure in Philippine history, known for her courage, integrity, and pivotal role in
the restoration of democracy in the country.
 Fidel Valdez Ramos
12TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Fidel Valdez Ramos, commonly known as FVR, is a retired Filipino military officer and statesman
who served as the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. Born on March 18, 1928, in
Lingayen, Pangasinan, Ramos had a distinguished military career, culminating in his appointment as Chief
of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during the latter years of the Marcos regime. He played a
crucial role in the 1986 People Power Revolution that led to the ousting of President Ferdinand Marcos.

Ramos' presidency was characterized by his efforts to promote economic stability, social development,
and national reconciliation. He pursued various initiatives to modernize the military and implement
reforms in governance. Under his leadership, the Philippines experienced a period of relative political
stability and economic growth. After leaving office, Ramos continued to be active in various public service
and advocacy roles, particularly in promoting regional cooperation in Asia.

Fidel V. Ramos is known for his pragmatic and inclusive approach to leadership, as well as his contributions
to Philippine nation-building and efforts towards regional stability in Southeast Asia. His legacy is marked
by his pivotal role in the transition from authoritarian rule to democratic governance in the Philippines.
 JOSEPH ESTRADA
13TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Joseph Estrada, born Joseph Marcelo Ejercito Estrada on April 19, 1937, is a Filipino actor and
politician who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001. Prior to his political
career, Estrada was a popular actor, known for his roles in action films.

Estrada's presidency was marked by controversies and allegations of corruption, which led to widespread
protests and calls for his resignation. In January 2001, he was impeached by the Philippine Senate, leading
to the second EDSA People Power Revolution, which resulted in his removal from office.

After his presidency, Estrada faced legal proceedings and was convicted of plunder in 2007. However, he
was later granted a presidential pardon by his successor, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Joseph
Estrada remains a significant figure in Philippine political history, known for his rise to power from the
entertainment industry and his tumultuous presidency. His time in office is remembered for its challenges
and controversies.
 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
14TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, born on April 5, 1947, is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th
President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the daughter of former President Diosdado
Macapagal. Arroyo's presidency began in 2001 after the second EDSA People Power Revolution ousted
President Joseph Estrada. Her time in office was marked by various challenges, including political
controversies, economic issues, and natural disasters.

During her presidency, Arroyo implemented a number of policy initiatives, including economic reforms,
anti-corruption measures, and efforts to address poverty and social development. However, her
administration was also marred by allegations of electoral fraud and corruption.

After leaving the presidency, Arroyo served as a member of the House of Representatives and later as
Speaker of the House. She faced legal proceedings but was ultimately acquitted of the most serious
charges against her. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo remains a polarizing figure in Philippine politics, with
supporters crediting her for certain policy achievements, while critics raise concerns about the
controversies surrounding her time in office.
 Benigno Aquino III
15TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Aquino III, commonly known as PNoy, was a Filipino politician who served as
the 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. Born on February 8, 1960, in Manila, he was the
son of former Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. and former President Corazon Aquino.

Aquino's presidency was marked by his commitment to good governance, anti-corruption efforts, and
economic reforms. His administration saw notable improvements in various sectors, including the
economy, education, and healthcare. He also oversaw the response to natural disasters, such as Typhoon
Haiyan in 2013.

However, his presidency faced challenges, including political opposition and criticism for certain policy
decisions. Aquino left office in 2016, succeeded by President Rodrigo Duterte.Tragically, Benigno Aquino
III passed away on June 24, 2021, due to various health complications. He is remembered as a leader who
prioritized transparency, integrity, and economic progress during his time in office.
 Rodrigo Duterte
16TH PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Rodrigo Duterte, often referred to as "Digong," is a Filipino politician who became the 16th
President of the Philippines, serving since June 30, 2016. Born on March 28, 1945, in Maasin, Leyte,
Duterte was a long-serving mayor of Davao City before assuming the presidency.

Duterte's presidency has been marked by a tough-on-crime stance, particularly in his campaign against
illegal drugs, which has generated both domestic and international attention and controversy. His
leadership style is characterized by his candid and often controversial statements.

Aside from his anti-drug campaign, Duterte's administration has also focused on policies related to
infrastructure development, federalism, and peace negotiations with various rebel groups. His approach
to foreign policy has included both efforts to strengthen regional partnerships and a more independent
stance in international relations.Rodrigo Duterte's presidency has evoked a wide range of opinions and
reactions both within the Philippines and on the global stage. He remains a prominent and influential
figure in Philippine politics.
 Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr.
17TH PREDISENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr., commonly known as Bongbong Marcos, is a Filipino politician
and the son of former President Ferdinand Marcos and former First Lady Imelda Marcos. Born on
September 13, 1957, in Manila, he comes from a prominent political family. Bongbong Marcos began his
political career as Governor of Ilocos Norte and later served as a Congressman and Senator.

He is known for his interest in national issues, particularly those related to governance, electoral reform,
and regional development. Bongbong Marcos ran for the vice presidency in the 2016 elections, narrowly
losing to Leni Robredo. Marcos' political career has generated both strong support and considerable
controversy due to his family's history, including allegations of human rights abuses and corruption during
his father's regime